Γεωγραφικά 15.1.37

15.1.37

Ἀρίστη δʼ ὁμολογεῖται πᾶσα ἡ τοῦ Ὑπάνιος πέραν· οὐκ ἀκριβοῦνται δέ, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν καὶ τὸν ἐκτοπισμὸν λέγεται πάντʼ ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον ἢ τὸ τερατωδέστερον· οἷα τὰ τῶν χρυσωρύχων μυρμήκων καὶ ἄλλων θηρίων τε καὶ ἀνθρώπων ἰδιομόρφων καὶ δυνάμεσί τισιν ἐξηλλαγμένων, ὡς τοὺς Σῆρας μακροβίους φασὶ πέρα καὶ διακοσίων ἐτῶν παρατείνοντας. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ἀριστοκρατικήν τινα σύνταξιν πολιτείας αὐτόθι ἐκ πεντακισχιλίων βουλευτῶν συνεστῶσαν, ὧν ἕκαστον παρέχεσθαι τῷ κοινῷ ἐλέφαντα. καὶ τίγρεις δʼ ἐν τοῖς Πρασίοις φησὶν ὁ Μεγασθένης μεγίστους γίνεσθαι, σχεδὸν δέ τι καὶ διπλασίους λεόντων, δυνατοὺς δὲ ὥστε τῶν ἡμέρων τινὰ ἀγόμενον ὑπὸ τεττάρων τῷ ὀπισθίῳ σκέλει δραξάμενον ἡμιόνου βιάσασθαι καὶ ἑλκύσαι πρὸς ἑαυτόν. κερκοπιθήκους δὲ μείζους τῶν μεγίστων κυνῶν, λευκοὺς πλὴν τοῦ προσώπου, τοῦτο δʼ εἶναι μέλαν, παρʼ ἄλλοις δʼ ἀνάπαλιν· τὰς δὲ κέρκους μείζους δυεῖν πηχέων· ἡμερωτάτους δὲ καὶ οὐ κακοήθεις περὶ ἐπιθέσεις καὶ κλοπάς. λίθους δʼ ὀρύττεσθαι λιβανόχρους γλυκυτέρους σύκων ἢ μέλιτος. ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ διπήχεις ὄφεις ὑμενοπτέρους ὥσπερ αἱ νυκτερίδες· καὶ τούτους δὲ νύκτωρ πέτεσθαι, σταλαγμοὺς ἀφιέντας οὔρων, τοὺς δὲ ἱδρώτων, διασήποντας τὸν χρῶτα τοῦ μὴ φυλαξαμένου· καὶ σκορπίους εἶναι πτηνούς, ὑπερβάλλοντας μεγέθεσι· φύεσθαι δὲ καὶ ἔβενον· εἶναι δὲ καὶ κύνας ἀλκίμους, οὐ πρότερον μεθιέντας τὸ δηχθὲν πρὶν εἰς τοὺς ῥώθωνας ὕδωρ καταχυθῆναι· ἐνίους δʼ ὑπὸ προθυμίας ἐν τῷ δήγματι διαστρέφεσθαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἐκπίπτειν, κατασχεθῆναι δὲ καὶ λέοντα ὑπὸ κυνὸς καὶ ταῦρον, τὸν δὲ ταῦρον καὶ ἀποθανεῖν κρατούμενον τοῦ ῥύγχους πρότερον ἢ ἀφεθῆναι.

All the country on the other side of the Hypanis is allowed to be very fertile, but we have no accurate knowledge of it. Either through ignorance or from its remote situation, everything relative to it is exaggerated or partakes of the wonderful. As, for example, the stories of myrmeces (or ants), which dig up gold; of animals and men with peculiar shapes, and possessing extraordinary faculties; of the longevity of the Seres, whose lives exceed the age of two hundred years. They speak also of an aristocratical form of government, consisting of five hundred counsellors, each of whom furnishes the state with an elephant.
According to Megasthenes, the largest tigers are found among the Prasii, almost twice the size of lions, and of such strength that a tame one led by four persons seized a mule by its hinder leg, overpowered it, and dragged it to him. The monkeys are larger than the largest dogs; they are of a white colour, except the face, which is black. The contrary is observed in other places. Their tails are more than two cubits in length. They are very tame, and not of a mischievous disposition. They neither attack people, nor steal.
Stones are found there of the colour of frankincense, and sweeter than figs or honey.
In some places there are serpents of two cubits in length, with membraneous wings like bats. They fly at night, and let fall drops of urine or sweat, which occasions the skin of persons who are not on their guard to putrefy. There are also winged scorpions of great size.
Ebony grows there. There are also dogs of great courage, which do not loose their hold till water is poured into their nostrils: some of them destroy their sight, and the eyes of others even fall out, by the eagerness of their bite. Both a lion and a bull were held fast by one of these dogs. The bull was caught by the muzzle, and died before the dog could be loosened.