Pliny the Elder, Natural History 6.212: Climata including India

6.212

Principium habet Indiae pars versa ad austrum. patet usque Arabiam et Rubri maris accolas. continentur Gedrosi, Carmani, Persae, Elymaei, Parthyene, Aria, Susiane, Mesopotamia, Seleucia cognominata Babylonia, Arabia ad Petras usque, Syria Coele, Pelusium, Aegypti inferiora, quae Chora vocatur, Alexandria, Africae maritima, Cyrenaica oppida omnia, Thapsus, Hadrumetum, Clupea, Carthago, Vtica, uterque Hippo, Numidia, Mauretania utraque, Atlanticum mare, columnae Herculis. in hoc caeli circumplexu aequinoctii die medio umbilicus, quem gnomonem vocant, VII pedes longus umbram non amplius IIII pedes longam reddit, noctis vero dieique longissima spatia XIIII horas aequinoctiales habent, brevissima ex contrario X.

(34.) The first begins at that part of India which looks towards the south, and extends to Arabia and those who dwell upon the borders of the Red Sea. It embraces the Gedrosi, the Carmanii, the Persæ, the Elymæi, Parthyene, Aria, Susiane, Mesopotamia, Seleucia surnamed Babylonia, Arabia as far as Petra, Cœle Syria, Pelusium, the lower parts of Egypt called the Chora of Alexandria, the maritime parts of Africa, all the cities of Cyrenaica, Thapsus, Adrumetum, Clupea, Carthage, Utica, the two Hippo's, Numidia, the two Mauritanias, the Atlantic Sea, and the Pillars of Hercules. Within the meridian of this parallel, on the middle day of the equinox, the pin of the dial, usually called the gnomon, if seven feet in length, throws a shadow at mid-day no more than four feet long: the longest day and night are fourteen equinoctial hours respectively, the shortest being only ten.