Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v2.c14.s45.2

v2.c14.s45.2

The present chapter deals briefly with four classes of semi-divine beings, namely, Yakshas, Vidyādharas, Gandharvas, and Kinnaras. They are said to have two arms and two eyes, in other words, they assume a purely human appearance. They are adorned with the crown known by the name of *karaṇḍa*. The colour of the Yakshas is stated to be dark blue (*śyāma*) and yellow (*pīta*), that of the Vidyādharas dark red, *śyāma-rakta*) and yellow. The images both of the Yakshas and the Vidyādharas are measured according to the *nava-tāla* system. The Yakshas are distinguished from the Rākshasas, the latter being evil spirits, while the former are regarded as supernatural beings of a benevolent and inoffensive disposition. The Yakshas act as attendants (*anuchara*) and chowry-bearers of the gods. The Vidyādharas are a kind of fairies possessed of magical power. Here apparently they are described as Atlantes. The Gandharvas are celestial choirs, and celebrated as musicians.