Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v2.c18: General Index

Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v2.c18

Language: English

General Index

v2.c18.1

Ābhaṅga, slight flexion, a pose, 86.

v2.c18.2

Ābhāsa, a class of buildings, 41, 48, 110, 118, etc.; a type of door, 155; a kind of phallus, 72, etc ; a building material, a sort of marble, three kinds—*chitra* *ardha-chitra* and *ābhāsa* proper, 70.

v2.c18.3

Abja, ambuja, padma or saroruha, names of a kind of moulding, partly corresponding to cyma, cymarecta or cymatium, 127.

v2.c18.4

Abja-kānta, a class of ten-storeyed buildings, 50, 112, etc.

v2.c18.5

Abu, marble temples at Mount of, 178; further details, 179.

v2.c18.6

Āchāra-sāra, an illustration of the names of books ending in *sāra* meaning 'essence,' 2.

v2.c18.7

Actium, the battle of, referring to the age in which Vitruvius, the famous Roman architect, might have lived, 160.

v2.c18.8

Adam, the father of human race corresponding to Manu, 160.

v2.c18.9

Adbhuta, one of the five divisions of height of an architectural or sculptural object, determined in comparison with the width, the others being called *śāntika*, *paushṭika*, *pārshṇika* or *jayada*, and *sarvakāmika*, 41, 55, 124, etc.; name of a class of two-storeyed buildings also called *Prabhutaka*, 60, 111, 118, etc.

v2.c18.10

Ādhāra, a kind of support for a chariot, also called *Upādhāra*, 60; name of a moulding, 127, etc.

v2.c18.11

Adhirāja, one of the nine classes of kings, 59; for whose use different kinds of storeyed buildings, thrones, crowns, chariots, and ornaments, etc., are prescribed, 42, 60, 61, 67-68, etc.

v2.c18.12

Adhishṭhāna, the base, its sixty-four varieties divided under nineteen different types bearing technical names, 44; illustrations of its being dealt with in all purely architectural treatises, 89, 92, 106; comparison with Vitruvius's, 149 fol.

v2.c18.13

Adhivāsana, ceremony connected with the coronation of a king, 65.

v2.c18.14

Ādika, a kind of conveyance, first or fast conveyance, 36.

v2.c18.15

Ādimāna, primary measurement, 77; its nine varieties, 121, etc.

v2.c18.16

Ādisāra, an architectural treatise or author like *Mānasāra*, one of the thirty-two authorities on architecture, 165.

v2.c18.17

Ādi-Vishṇu, one of the epithets of Vishṇu, an illustration of the popularity of the Vishṇu cult at the time of the *Mānasāra*, 189.

v2.c18.18

Ādyeshṭaka-vidhi, laying the foundation stone, 28, etc.

v2.c18.19

Āgama, a traditional doctrine, a special class of works, belonging especially to Southern India like the Purāṇas of Northern India, and numbering twenty-eight, 23 ; deals extensively with architectural and sculptural matters, 24—28, (109), 118-119, 125, 126, 128, 130, 131, 132, 151. 160, 175.

v2.c18.20

Agastya, an authority on architecture, 97, 100, 101, 107.

v2.c18.21

Agastya-sakalādhikāra, a treatise on architecture, 100.

v2.c18.22

Aghana, hollow parts, 53 ; an architectural measurement taken by the interior of a structure, 124.

v2.c18.23

Agni-purāṇa, seems to be aware of *Mānasāra*, 4, 169 ; dilates on the subject of architecture at great length, 20 ; compared with various other treatises on architectural matters, 110, 160, 170 ; describes forty-five types of buildings under five classes which are identical with those given in *Garuḍa-purāṇa*, 113, 119 ; age of , 194.

v2.c18.24

Ahi-chhatra, the capital of north Pāñchāla which is the name of a type of twelve-storeyed buildings, 174.

v2.c18.25

Ahura-Mazda, possible identity with Maya-Asura, 166, 172.

v2.c18.26

Āirāvata, name of a class of five-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.27

Āitareya-Brāhmaṇa, reference to the aṅgula measure from, 122.

v2.c18.28

Ājanta, rock-cut cave temples of, 10 ; richly carved and ornamented pierced widows at, 178.

v2.c18.29

Akrakānta, a class of eleven-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.30

Aksha, axle of cars and chariots, 60.

v2.c18.31

Akshi-mokshaṇa, chiselling the eyes of an image, 101, 107.

v2.c18.32

Alaka-(chūḍā), a kind of head-dress used by the queens of Prāhāraka and Astragrāha classes of kings, 65.

v2.c18.33

Ālambana-bāhu, balustrades, references from Buddhist literature to, 13.

v2.c18.34

Alaṅkāra-śāstra, illustrates the inductive method of treatment of the subject matter as in the *Śilpa-śāstras*, 133.

v2.c18.35

Alberuni, on the age of *Purāṇas*, 194.

v2.c18.36

Alexander, his expedition accounts for the Grecian influence on the Gāndhāra sculpture, 159.

v2.c18.37

Alinda, verandah, references from Buddhist literature to, 12.

v2.c18.38

Āliṅga, name of a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.39

Alpa, one of the twenty types of buildings mentioned in the *Kāmikāgama*, 118.

v2.c18.40

Amalaka, a large fluted circular block, being a characteristic feature over the summit of the earlier Indo-Aryan style of architecture, 179.

v2.c18.41

Āmalaka-vaṇṭika-pīṭham, chair with many legs, references from Buddhist literature to, 16.

v2.c18.42

Amara-kosha, the famous Sanskrit lexicon, refers to several architectural terms and illustrates the popularity of architecture in the dictionary class of literature, 33.

v2.c18.43

Ambaranāth, Indo-Aryan style of architecture of the mediaeval age at, 179.

v2.c18.44

Aṁśu, name of a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.45

Aṁśumad-bheda (of Kāśyapa), an architectural treatise of much reputation summarized, (91), 92; 99.

v2.c18.46

Aṁśumad-bhedāgama, references to architecture from, 28; reference to *Tāla* measure from, 123.

v2.c18.47

Andhra, one of the two branches of the Vesara style of architecture, 130, 131, 176; Aryanization of the country of, 184; patronage to popular literary dialects of the Andhra Kings, 193; empire of, 185.

v2.c18.48

Aṅghri, dwarf pillar, 63; name of a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.49

Āṅgīrasa, a treatise on architecture on which the Sanat-kumāra-vāstu-śāstra was based, 102.

v2.c18.50

Aṅgula, a finger, finger-breadth used as the standard measure, the smaller units of which it is made and its multiples, 35; the four kinds of, 77; similarly treated in all branches of Sanskrit literature, (121), 122.

v2.c18.51

Aṅgulīyaka, an ornament finger-ring, 67.

v2.c18.52

Anila-bhadraka, one of the seven types of cars, 61.

v2.c18.53

Animals, for riding of gods, 81, 82, 83.

v2.c18.54

Aniruddha, one of the eighteen architectural authorities mentioned in the *Matsya-purāṇa*, 164.

v2.c18.55

Anta-nihāra, one of the five courts into which the compound of an edifice is divided, 51, 154.

v2.c18.56

Antarāla, anteroom, 49; a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.57

Antariksha-kānta, class of ten-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.58

Antarita, otherwise called antara, antarāla and antarika, fillet, a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.59

Antar-maṇḍala, one of the five courts into which the compound of an edifice is divided, 51, 154.

v2.c18.60

Antika, a type of two-storeyed buildings, 111, also called Kāntika, 51.

v2.c18.61

Anukarma-vidhāna, minor works on sculpture, 90.

v2.c18.62

Apasaṁchita, a type of building, 24, 49, 111, 118.

v2.c18.63

Āpa-tattva, one of the several architectural treatises ascribed to Maṇḍana, 103.

v2.c18.64

Āpa-vatsya, name of a quarter, 189; compare ground-plan, 37-38.

v2.c18.65

Apelles, an eminent painter, 141.

v2.c18.66

Apollo, a deity, the temple of, 146.

v2.c18.67

Ārāma, rest-house, a garden house, elaborately described in Buddhist literature, 11.

v2.c18.68

Araṅga, probably for Raṅga, a class of buildings, 36.

v2.c18.69

Architecture, objects implied by, 1; one of the duties of the Buddhist order, 10; professors of, (86), 165.

v2.c18.70

Ardha-hāra, string of pearls worn round the neck, a chain of sixty-four strings, 68.

v2.c18.71

Ardha-nārīśvara, image of Śiva combined with his consort Pārvatī, 94, 100, 107.

v2.c18.72

Ardha-yoga, a type of Buddhist buildings, partly religious and partly residential, 10.

v2.c18.73

Argala, name of a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.74

Aristarchus, a grammarian, 141.

v2.c18.75

Aristoxenus, a famous musician, 141.

v2.c18.76

Arjuna, the temple of, 177.

v2.c18.77

Aræostylos, one of the five species of Vitruvius's temples, 147.

v2.c18.78

Ārsha, a class of phalli, 73.

v2.c18.79

Artha-śāstra, of Kauṭilīya, the architectural matters described in, 29; an example of Political works, 132; reference to party-walls, sewage system and windows, etc., from, 140; connection with *Purāṇas* and other works, 169-170.

v2.c18.80

Asaṁchita, a class of buildings, 24, 49, 111.

v2.c18.81

Āsana, a type of buildings in which the deity is carved in the sitting posture, 24, 49, 110; a class of three-storeyed buildings, 50, 111; one of the three postures, 86; seat, 97; name of a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.82

Āsandī, chairs, 16, 30.

v2.c18.83

Āsandako, rectangular chair, 16.

v2.c18.84

Ashṭāśra, a class of octagonal buildings, 116 (its description); 117, 118.

v2.c18.85

Ashṭa-tāla, a kind of measurement, 75, see Tāla (121, 123).

v2.c18.86

Aśoka, 183, 184, 185, 190.

v2.c18.87

Āśramāgāra, a class of seven-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.88

Assembly-halls, of Indra, Yama, Varuṇa and Kubera, as mentioned in *Mahābhārata*, 17.

v2.c18.89

Āsthāna-maṇḍapa, hall of public audience, 58.

v2.c18.90

Astragal, name of a moulding, 127, 152.

v2.c18.91

Astragrāhin, a class of kings, 59, 181, 182.

v2.c18.92

Asura, a deity, name of a plot in the ground-plan (*Pada-vinyāsa*) 38.

v2.c18.93

Aśva-māna-vidhi, name of a chapter in the *Viśvasāra* dealing with the measurement of horse's image, 108.

v2.c18.94

Atharva-veda, references to architectural matters from, 6.

v2.c18.95

Aśvatha tree, characteristic of Buddha, 78-79.

v2.c18.96

Atibhaṅga, excessive flexion, one of the poses in which an image is carved, 86.

v2.c18.97

Ātmārtha, (for one's own purpose), a class of phalli for personal worship as opposed to public worship, 73.

v2.c18.98

Atri, a sage, 6; one of the eighteen Professors of architecture mentioned in the *Matsya-purāṇa*, 164.

v2.c18.99

Aṭṭālikā, edifice, one of several architectural objects mentioned in Pāṇini's grammar, 33.

v2.c18.100

Attic, one of the three species of doors mentioned by Vitruvius, 155.

v2.c18.101

Augustus, a Roman king, 160.

v2.c18.102

Auttami, one of the fourteen Manus, 166.

v2.c18.103

Avachchhāya, light shadow, calculation of, in connection with the cardinal points for the orientation of buildings, 37.

v2.c18.104

Āvarya, one of the thirty-two architectural authorities mentioned in *Mānasāra*, 165.

v2.c18.105

Āyādi-shaḍ-varga, āya and other architectural formulas of measurement, 83, 24, 73, 74, 78, 103.

v2.c18.106

Ayodhyā, its town-plan, 17; builder of, 166; mentioned (as Ajoyyā) in Buddhist literature, 9.

v2.c18.107

Āyudhālaya, arsenal, 58.

v2.c18.108

v2.c18.109

Babhru-(mushṭika), a type of building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa*, 114.

v2.c18.110

Bacchus, temple of, 146, 148.

v2.c18.111

Bādāmi, Chalukyas of, 191.

v2.c18.112

Bahir-bhūshaṇa, external ornaments, certain articles of furniture, 68.

v2.c18.113

Bahu-bhūmi-vidhāna, building of more than three storeys, the name of a chapter in the *Mayamata-Śilpa-Śāstra*, 90.

v2.c18.114

Bahu-liṅga, phalli in group, a class of phalli, 73.

v2.c18.115

Bāhulya, name of a moulding, 27, 152.

v2.c18.116

Bairat, town of, representing ancient Virāṭa, 174.

v2.c18.117

Ba(va)labhi, a rectangular type of building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa*, 113.

v2.c18.118

Bālāditya, a Gupta prince, 192.

v2.c18.119

Balance, architectural details of, 69.

v2.c18.120

Bāla-paryaṅka, small couch, 36.

v2.c18.121

Balaya (valaya), a round type of building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa*, 113.

v2.c18.122

Bali, an island, 170.

v2.c18.123

Bali-karma, offerings to gods in connection with constructing a building, 89.

v2.c18.124

Bāṇa, the author of the *Harsha-charita*, 194.

v2.c18.125

Bāṇa-śālā, castles, 30.

v2.c18.126

Bārāṇasi, the builder of, 9.

v2.c18.127

Baroli, type of temple at, 178.

v2.c18.128

Base, (adhishṭhāna), different varieties of, 44, 128.

v2.c18.129

Bauddhas, temples of 52; images of the deities of, 78.

v2.c18.130

Bedsteads, architectural details of, 61-62; references from the *Āgamas* to, 27.

v2.c18.131

Belur, type of temple at, 178.

v2.c18.132

Benares, type of temples at, 179.

v2.c18.133

Berāṅgula, a kind of measurement, 77, 84.

v2.c18.134

Bhadra, a type of pavilion used as a water-reservoir, store-house, etc., 154; balconies, 60; a type of square building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa*, 113; also in the *Kāmikāgama*, 118; a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.135

Bhadra-pīṭha, one of the four classes of pedestals, 74.

v2.c18.136

Bhadra-pīṭham, state chair, 16.

v2.c18.137

Bhadrāsana, a type of throne for the Paṭṭabhāj class of kings, 63.

v2.c18.138

Bhāgavata-purāṇa, references to a class of devotees from, 80.

v2.c18.139

Bhairava, a class of phalli, 72.

v2.c18.140

Bhairavī, one of the seven mothers, image of, 75.

v2.c18.141

Bhānu, one of the thirty-two architectural authorities mentioned in *Mānasāra*, 165.

v2.c18.142

Bhāra (hāra), name of a moulding, 127.

v2.c18.143

Bharata, an architectural authority, 162

v2.c18.144

Bhārgava, one of several architectural authorities on which the Sanatkumāra's *Vāstu-śāstra* is stated to have been based, 102.

v2.c18.145

Bhāravi, contemporary and date of, 197.

v2.c18.146

Bhāskara, one of several authorities on which the architectural portion of the *Bṛihat-saṁhitā* appears to have been based, 163, 165.

v2.c18.147

Bhāskarāchārya, astronomical works of, 172.

v2.c18.148

Bhaṭṭotpala, a commentator of the *Bṛihat-saṁhitā*, 162.

v2.c18.149

Bhavabhūti, the great Sanskrit poet, architectural references from, 32.

v2.c18.150

Bhavana (bhuvana), a rectangular type of building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa* 113, and the *Garuḍa-purāṇa* 114.

v2.c18.151

Bhavana-kānta, a class of ten-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.152

Bhavishya-purāṇa, architectural references from, 21; comparative study of, 23, 110, 119, 131, 160; twenty types of buildings from, 116-117; references to selection of site and examination of soil from, 140; identical with the *Matsya-purāṇa* and the *Bṛihat-saṁhitā*, 163; age of, 194.

v2.c18.153

Bhikshāṭana-(mūrti-lakshaṇa), image of Śiva in the pose of a beggar, 94, 100.

v2.c18.154

Bhoga, a type of single storeyed building, 49; with round ears (wings), 111.

v2.c18.155

Bhojana-maṇḍapa, dining hall, a type of pavilion, 58.

v2.c18.156

Bhṛigu, one of the authorities on which Sanat-kumāra's *Vāstu-śāstra* is stated to have been based, 102; architectural references from, 107; further references from, 140; one of the eighteen professors of architecture mentioned in the *Matsya-purāṇa*, 164.

v2.c18.157

Bhṛiṅga-rāja, a deity, 38.

v2.c18.158

Bhū-devī, earth-goddess, image of, 71; see also Mahī, 74-75.

v2.c18.159

Bhūdhara, a round type of building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa*, 113.

v2.c18.160

Bhū-kānta, types of eight-and ten-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.161

Bhū-lamba, dimensions of storeys, name of a chapter in the *Maya-mata*, 89; see Bhūmi-lamba.

v2.c18.162

Bhūmi-(lakshaṇa), soil, name of a chapter in the *Viśvakarma-Śilpa*, 96.

v2.c18.163

Bhūmi-lamba-vidhāna, dimensions of buildings of various storeys, 41, 25; definition and contents of the chapter so named 147.

v2.c18.164

Bhūmi-phalam, fruit of soil. effect of soil upon the building, a chapter of the *Vıśvakarma-Śilpa*, 96.

v2.c18.165

Bhūmi-saṁgraha, selection of site, details of, 36; comparative study of, 142.

v2.c18.166

Bhū-mukha, an oval type of building mentioned in the *Garuḍa-purāṇa*, 114.

v2.c18.167

Bhūpa-kānta, a class of eight-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.168

Bhū-parigraha, selection of site, name of a chapter in the *Mayamata-Śilpa-śāstra*, 89.

v2.c18.169

Bhū-parīkshā, examination of soil, details of, 36, 89, 102; comparative study of, 142.

v2.c18.170

Bhūpati-Vallabha, perhaps identical with the *Śilpa-śāstra* of Maṇḍana, 103.

v2.c18.171

Bhūshaṇa, a class of nine-storeyed buildings, 50, 112; an oval type of building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa*, 113.

v2.c18.172

Bhūshaṇālaya, house for keeping ornaments in, a store-room for jewellery, 58.

v2.c18.173

Bhūtas, goblins, images of, 61; compare Yaksha, etc., 80.

v2.c18.174

Bhūta-kānta, a class of five-storeyed buildings, 50, 112.

v2.c18.175

Bhuvanesvara, type of temples at, 179; division of the style of architecture at, 180.

v2.c18.176

Bihar, country of Janakas, types of twelve-storeyed buildings at, 173.

v2.c18.177

Bimbamāna, references to sculptural matters from, 121, 122, 123.

v2.c18.178

Bimbisāra, a king, builder of Rājagṛiha, 9.

v2.c18.179

Bodhika, name of a moulding, 126, 127, 151.

v2.c18.180

Boutique, a Buddhist building, 11.

v2.c18.181

Brahmā, image of, 71; name of a type of columns, 126, 151; according to Varāhamihira the science of architecture originated from, 162; in architectural matters the comparative treatment of, 187; the foundations of the temples of, 188; worship of, 190.

v2.c18.182

Brahma-bhāga, the name of the square stand of the phallus, 73.

v2.c18.183

Brahma-kānta, square pillar, 45, 125, 150; a pillar with four minor pillars, 45, 46; a class of three-storeyed buildings, 50, 111; a class of five-storeyed buildings, 50, 112; a class of *gopuras* (gate-house), 52.

v2.c18.184

Brahma-mandira, a rectangular type of building mentioned in the *Agni-purāṇa* and the *Garuḍa-purāṇa*, 113, 114.

v2.c18.185

Brahman, one of the authorities on which Sanat-kumāra's *Vāstu-Śāstra* (science of architecture) is stated to have been based, 102; one of the eighteen professors of architecture mentioned in the *Matsya-purāṇa*, 164.

v2.c18.186

Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa, references to temples and residential buildings from, 21; aṅgula-measures from, 122; tāla-measures from, 123; account of future kings ending with the Guptas in, 194

v2.c18.187

Brahmāṇī, one of the seven mothers image of, 75.

v2.c18.188

Brahma-pīṭha, the royal chapel, 58.

v2.c18.189

Brahma-sāvarṇi, one of the fourteen Manus, 166.

v2.c18.190

Brahma-sthāna, the central plot in a village or town, where some public building is generally built, 56; the central place in a palace where the royal chapel is situated, 58.

v2.c18.191

Brahma-yāmala, an architectural treatise, 108.

v2.c18.192

Brāhmī, goddess, image of, 98.

v2.c18.193

Brahmor, in Chamba State, bronze Nandin from, 82.

v2.c18.194

Bṛihat-saṁhitā, by Varāhamihira, short description of, 22; method of treatment of architectural matters in, 28; definition of *hāra* from, 68; other works compared with, 109, 110, 116; twenty types of buildings from, 117, 118, 119; *aṅgula* and *tāla* measures from, 122, 123; the five orders from, 125, 150; eight kinds of mouldings from, 127, 151, 152; styles of architecture from, 130, 131; probably based on *Mānasāra*, 132; references to selection of sites and examination of soil from, 140; relation with other works, 160, 167, 168, 194, 198; detailed comparison with *Mānasāra*, 161, 164; mention of architectural authorities in, 165; as a polytechnical work, 175.