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Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v3.c27.s2: Chapter II

Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v3.c27.s2

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English

Chapter II

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1. I. J. शिल्प्योनां । This is due to the confusion between शिल्पि and शिल्पिन, the latter being the correct form.

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2. B. D. पश्चिमघराद्योशानब्रह्मज्ञेरवलोककृत् ।

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4. A. F. J. ब्राह्ममयं ।

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5. I. कर्गे for वर्गे; the additional stroke which turns व into क is apparently due to negligence of the copyist.

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6. The ungrammatical form नामं (acc. sing.) should be noticed; it is left unemended to illustrate the barbarous Sanskrit of the *Vāstu-śāstra*.

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The lines 5—10 are missing in J. The line 10 is missing also in I. But it has been preserved in all other Mss. The sense, however, may be deduced even without this line. It is practically impossible, in such cases, to say whether the most original text was with or without a line like this one.

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11. B. D. पूर्वपादे ।

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12. The genitive use of उत्तरस्य in the sense of locative should be noticed.

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One Manu is stated in the *Rāmāyaṇa* (1.5.6) to have been the architect who built the city of Ayodhyā : अयोव्या नाम नगरो तत्रासील्लोक-विश्रुता । मनुना मानवेन्द्रेण या पुरो निर्मिता स्वयम् ॥

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13. B. D. रुक्तस्य ।

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16. (1) B. D. मनुरस्य । (2) J. तुर्यंतः ।

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17. I. पुत्रस्त्वपतिः ।

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19. I. देव-ऋषेः, cf. I. 4, 39. वर्धकोति (II. 19, 23, 25, 33) and वर्धकिरिति most of the Mss. read the word as वर्धकिः and a few as वर्धकिन् ।

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22. A. F. omit च and add सं after इति ।

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23. I. नाम; J. गुरोर्नाम । For वर्धकोति see note under line 19.

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24. B. D. सूत्रधृक, A. F. सूत्रकृत् ।

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25. For वर्धकी see note under line 19.

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28. (1) I. स्थपतिः शास्त्रसर्वज्ञयाः; the emendation suggested by all other Mss. is unavoidably necessary in order to make the line intelligible. (2) A. F. J. सह।

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29. (1) F. दिष्टे, probably better than शास्त्रदृष्टेन, apparently for शास्त्रादेशेन। (2) B. D. वास्तुशास्त्रं।

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31. J. तोत्यभि। If नाम is not emended by नाम्ना, it must be preceded by इति धीयते apparently for अभिधीयते।

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32. (1) I. श्रितञ्य, A. F. सूत्रज्ञः which is better perhaps, but the sense is implied by the following word रेखाज्ञः। The idea contained in the word श्रुतज्ञः which is taken from J., is also suggested by the expression शास्त्रवित्तमः।
(2) B. D. शिल्पिशास्त्रविदुत्तमः। A. F. शिल्पिवित्तमः।

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33. I. पाच्रितज्ञः; B. D. स्मृतिज्ञः। The emendation follows J. and other Mss.

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34. (1) I. कर्म विदुश्च; J. कर्म विद्याभ्य; A.F. कर्म विदुश्च। The emendation कर्मवित्तम्यः, suggested by all other Mss. renders the expression more or less intelligible.
(2) D. B. वंधार्थया; F. leaves this word in a lacuna; A. ह(च)पलश्च।
(3) A. स्यूर्दलापरः। The second half of this line presents many difficulties. If बन्धु is read with short उ, the following words would be दया (instead of उदय) and पर (instead of चपर, which is meaningless) and the three words बल, बन्धु and दया would imply some of the qualifications required of the carpenter. And there are parallel passages to support the suggestions. स्थपति is stated to be दृढबन्धुः in the *Vāstuvidyā* (I. 15), but not the तक्षक, whose qualifications are thus described:

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तक्षणात्स्थूलसूक्ष्माणां तक्षकः स तु कीर्तितः ॥
सूत्त्रकर्मज्ञो गुणी शक्तः सर्वकर्मस्वतन्त्रकः ।
गुरुभक्तः सदाकृष्टः स्थपत्याद्यनुगः सदा ॥ (Ibid. I. 18,19.)
सुशीलश्चतुरो दक्षो शास्त्रज्ञो लोभवर्जितः ।
क्षमावानस्य(वान् स्याद्) द्विजश्चैव सूत्रधारः स उच्यते ॥ (*Śilpadīpaka*, I. 3).
कर्मान्तिकः स्थपतयः पुरुषा यन्त्रकोविदाः ।
तथा वर्धका(क्या)दयश्चैव मार्गिणो वृक्षतक्षकाः ॥ (*Rāmāyaṇa*, II. 80, 2).

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For similar parallel passages from the *Mahābhārata*, *Vāstuvidyā*, *Śilpadīpaka*, etc., describing the qualifications of स्थपति, वर्धकि and सूत्रग्राहिन्, see the writer's *Dictionary* under Sthapati. See also the writer's translation of the Text.

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35. This line seems to be quite uncalled for here and has been omitted by all Mss. except I. It does not seem permissible, however, to leave it out of the text. It is, therefore, kept, and by a small emendation, as suggested within brackets, it can be explained in a way.

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36. (1) I. J. A. F. लोके, the other reading within brakets is suggested by other Mss. but the general obscurity of the line is not removed thereby. (2) J. कुरु for गुरुम् ।

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38. J. त्रिफलं । The construction of this line as well as the preceding three lines, and the one following, is grammatically untenable; but the general sense of these lines is, however, clear to some extent.

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39. For शिल्पीनां see note under line 1 above. मानोपकरा without any case ending is used for मानोपहर णम्, and would illustrate the barbarous nature of the text.

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40. (1) A.J. प्रेक्ष्ये, F. प्रेक्ष्येा, B. प्रेक्ष्य । The word उद्दीक्ष्य, when it has been combined with नयन, bearing no case ending, must be taken as an adj. qualifying परमाणु ; it would be meaningless if it be read as a gerund in ल्यप् form. It must, therefore, be emended either to वोक्ष्यः or वोक्ष्यम् according to the gender of परमाणु । I. uses it in the masculine and A. F. J. take it in the feminine. It is taken here in the neuter, and it thus conforms to the neuter forms तत् and उदाहृतम्, this necessitates the reading उद्दीक्ष्यं । (2) A. F. J. उदाहृता, I. उदाहृत ।

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41. (1) J. षड्गुणितस्तत्र. More than a dozen authorities will be found quoted in the writer's *Dictionary* under Aṅgula; it is always eight times, not six. It is not clear how and wherefrom this reading is taken by this Ms.

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(2) A. F. J. स्मृतः, but the other adj. गुणितं has been left in the neuter singular. That such errors are very frequent in the text will be noticed in the following lines also.

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42. J. पद्भिर्मिलितनानं तत् विना, B. D. तापश्चाकजाय, A. F. चांगुलं तत् ।

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43. J. B. D. वोक्ष्य ; I. रक्ष or रक्षा in this line, and रिष्ट in the following line; *Suprabhedāgama* (XXX. 3) reads रिक्षा; *Vāstuvidyā* (I. 5) has लिक्षा (long) ; so also the *Matsya-Purāṇa* (258, 18) and the *Siddhānta-śiromaṇi* (p. 52): but the *Bṛihat-Saṁhitā* (58, 12) has लिक्ष (short). But from the reading रिष्टे for लिक्षे, the *Mānasāra* seems to have used the short form लिक्ष ; the gender of the word remains uncertain from these uses. In dictionaries it is used in the feminine gender.

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44. J. रिष्टे । For parallel passages, see notes under Translation and the writer's *Dictionary* under Aṅgula.

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47. A. F. यव वोहि; B. D. omit this line. J. reads lines 42—45 between lines 47 and 48.

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48. J. कनियों; कनिष्ठ must be read in the neuter singular or be compounded with the following words; latter being preferable.

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50. (1) I. वितस्तियुक्तं, which would not give the usual meaning; the emendation युग्मं is suggested by J. and other Mss.
(2) यधिकम् for यधिकः is another instance of errors committed by ignorant artists attempting to write Sanskrit. स्मृतम् in the next line also illustrates the point.

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51. हस्त is made masculine in this line, and neuter in the next (52).

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52. I. गृहम्; the emendation ग्रहः is supported by other Mss. as well as the *Suprabhedāgama*: cf. षड्‌विंशतिधनुर्मष्टिः सप्तविंशत् धनु( र् )ग्रहः । (For context and reference see the writer's *Dictionary* under Aṅgula).

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53. I. J. रज्जुमेव च कथ्यते for दण्ड [षं?]रज्जुमेवच suggested by the other Mss.

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Between the lines 53 and 54, all the Mss., except I. and J., include the line घरमान वितस्तेन मानयेच्छिल्पिवित्तमः; A. घर. B. D. रथ । But the sense of this line seems to be expressed by the line 55; besides span would be too small a measure for houses.

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54. In याने and शयने the locative is used either for genitive as in विमानस्य in the next line, or more properly in place of accusative.

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57. The expression न मानानां is unintelligible; without the suggested emendation the line would be meaningless.

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The apparent meaning would be given by an emendation like च मानानि; but in that case तन् and धनुर्ग्रह must be read in the instrumental. The same meaning can, however, be deduced if we read च सर्वेषां in place of न मानानां ।

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59. A. F. मालको, B. D. मूलकः for मालकः ।

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63. (1) I. दारु for दारितं । (2) B. D. त्रिकांतं for चतुरश्रतः ।

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64. I. माजीवं for मं दोषं ।

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65. (1) A. F. I. J. मध्याङ्गुल, which does not convey a suitable sense; the emendation gives the apparent meaning and seems necessary.
(2) हस्तं seems a better reading.

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68. मृति, without a case ending cannot be used here. It is also grammatically necessary to read प्रोक्ता ।

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69. J. शाद for शाता, both of which are almost equally obscure.

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70. J. शिंशुक, which seems to be a confused reading.

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72. (1) J. प्राग्वत् for पाश्र्वात् । (2) I. नुग्रह for नाहकम् ।

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73. B. D. र्वहि, F. वर्चि for वर्जितम् ।

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75. (1) B. D. J. दैवत्यं । (2) The second portion of this line would be too clumsy without the suggested emendation.

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79. (1) I. सो स्तितो for स स्थितः । (2) J. करम्बकं for रेखुरं ।

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80. For सतु all Mss., except I. J., read वस्तु ।

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