Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v4.c30.s6: Chapter XXXIX: The Measurement of Doors
Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v4.c30.s6
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Chapter XXXIX: The Measurement of Doors
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1\. I shall state the rules regarding the door-measures: (their) details will be described now.
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2-4. In the houses of the gods, the Brahmans and the other castes, (that is), in (all kinds of) dwellings, walls (*kudya*), gateways (*gopura*), and temples (*maṇḍapa*, lit., pavilions), the measure of all kinds of door and windows, etc., should exclude (the measurement of) the pair of pilasters (attached thereto).
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5-6. The twenty-three kinds of door-height should begin from one and a half cubits, and end at seven cubits, the increment being by six *aṅgulas* (i.e., a quarter cubit).
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7\. The large doors are thus stated, and the smaller ones will be described here (below).
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8-9. The seventeen kinds of height of the smaller doors should begin from one cubit and end at three cubits, the increment being by three *aṅgulas* (i.e., one-eighth cubit).
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10-11. The thirteen kinds of height of the windows should begin from twelve *aṅgulas* (i.e., half a cubit) and end at two cubits, the increment being by three *aṅgulas* (i.e., one-eighth cubit).
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12\. This should be the height of the door proper; its breadth is described here (below).
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13. The width of all kinds of the door proper should be one-half of its height.
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14. As an alternative, (the measurement) of the main (front) door is stated in comparison with the (main) pillar of the house.
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15-16. The height of such pillars being divided into eight, nine, or ten (equal) parts, the height of the door is said to be less than those parts by one.
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17. And the breadth is said to be a half of that (height). Now that (door-measure) is stated in comparison with the building.
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18-20. The nine kinds of height of the smallest and other types should begin from one and three-fourths cubits and end at three and three-fourths cubits, the increment being by six *aṅgulas* (i.e., a quarter cubit) : thus should be constructed the main door of a building of the smallest size.
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21-23. The nine kinds of height, consisting of three kinds in each of the smallest and the other (i.e., the intermediate and the largest) types, should begin from two cubits, and end at four cubits, the increment being by six *aṅgulas* (i.e., a quarter cubit) : thus should be the height of the main door of a building of the intermediate size.
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24-26. The nine kinds of height of the smallest and the other types should begin from two and a half cubits, and end at four and a half cubits, the increment being by six *aṅgulas* (i.e., a quarter cubit) : this is said to be the main door which should be attached to the building of the largest size.
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27. These are the twenty-seven kinds of (the door) height; the breadth should be one-half of the height in each case.
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28. This is said to be (the measure of the main door) in the buildings of the *Jāti* class; that (i.e., the door measures) of the buildings of the *Chhanda* and the other classes will be described (now).
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29-30. The width of the (main) door of (a building) of the *Chhanda* class should begin from twenty-five [aṅgulas, and end at one hundred and twenty-three *aṅgulas*, the increment being by two *aṅgulas*.
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31-32. The breadth of the door of (a building of) the *Vikalpa* class should begin from twenty-one *aṅgulas*, and end at one hundred and twenty-one *aṅgulas*, the increment being by two *aṅgulas*.
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33-34. The breadth (of the door of a building) of the *Ābhāsa* class should begin from nineteen *aṅgulas*, and end at one hundred and eleven *aṅgulas*, the increment being by two *aṅgulas*.
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35. The height (of the door) should be twice its breadth: this is said to be the common (rule) in each case.
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36-37. As an alternative, it (the height) may be greater than twice (the breadth) by one-fourth, or one-half; (another alternative being that) the height of the door should be of nine parts, while the breadth is of five parts.
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38. The application of the rules of the six formulas known as *āya*, etc., (in regard to door-measure) will be described now¹.
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¹ For details see chapter IX, etc., and the writer’s *dictionary*, page 600.
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39. All the (six) formulas beginning with *āya* should be considered with regard to the door-height of the *Jāti* class of buildings.
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40. But the *āya* and all other formulas should be considered with regard to the breadth (of the door) in all other classes of buildings beginning with the *Chhanda*.
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41. The increment (i.e., multiplication), and decrement (i.e., division), etc., in regard to all (the formulas concerning the door-measure) should be the same as said in connection with the storeyed buildings².
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² See chapter XXX, pages 168–194, 285 and 286.
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42-43. It is auspicious to make doors of the smallest measurement in the buildings of the smallest size, of intermediate measurement in the intermediate buildings, and of the largest measurement in the largest buildings.
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44-46. If the measure (of the door) be too small or too large, that is, the smallest door in the largest building, or the largest door in the smallest building, or the intermediate door in those two (the smallest and the largest), or those two doors in the intermediate type of buildings: all these would be ruinous to all prospects of the people of all castes.
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47-48. The *Śāntika* and other heights¹ should be made for doors as in the case of buildings; this being done it would be fruitful for health, longevity of life, fruition, and happiness.
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¹ Including *paushṭika*, *jayada*, *sarvakāmika* or *dhanada*, and *adbhuta* (compare chapter XXXV, pp. 21 to 25, and the writer's *dictionary*, pp. 82 and 83).
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49. If the reverse be done, it would cause misfortune to the kings and others.
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50. Thus is described the measurement of the door; the pillars, etc., (thereof) will be described now.
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51-52. By the sides of the door proper should be attached pillars of the same height as of the door; otherwise the attached pillar may extend up to the top of the storey or the architrave².
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² Compare lines 15 and 16.
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53. Two holes should be made at the bottom and top each, of the door-joint (between the long style and the frame).
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54. At the bottom and top of the two styles (*paṭṭikā*, fillet) the door should be furnished with pointed projection (*śikhā*).
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55. Thus is described the wooden door whereof a portion (i.e., the base) should be of stone.
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56-60. The door at the (boundary) wall should be of twelve parts; along the middle of its outer area of five parts by seven parts in the interior the width of the meeting style (lit., door-joint) should be three, four, five, six, seven, (or) eight of those parts; a half of that should be its projection, or it (the projection) may be made equal to the width or three-fourths of it.
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61. The length, breadth, and thickness of the long style (*paṭṭikā*) should be proportionate to the door.
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62. There should be two meeting styles (door-joints) or two long styles (*paṭṭikā*).
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63. It (the door) should be quadrangular (i.e., rectangular) or square, and be adorned with ornaments (mentioned below).
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64. The measure of thickness at the upper portion of the meeting style (lit., joint) should be of nine parts by the outside.
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65-66. The long style (*paṭṭa*) at the end of the wall (*kudya*) should be of four parts, of which two parts should be the band (*bandhana*); the short style (or fillet, *kampa-paṭṭa*) should be one part and it should be attached at the region of the band (*bandha*).
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67-69. As an alternative, the long style (*paṭṭa*) may be of one part, the lotus inside it should be of half a part, the short style (*kampa*) should be made of half a part, and the corner band is stated to be of one part. The lotus is (generally) fixed at the centre, but it would be immaterial if it be attached at the end.
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70. The outer long style (*paṭṭa*) should be one part, when the portion (lit., limb) at the bottom (lit., ground) should be of two parts.
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71. The lotus (*padma*) should be of two parts, and the short style (*kampa*) of one part.
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72. The middle (i.e., at the meeting style) the base should be two parts, and the external lotus (also) two parts.
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73-74. On the outer side of the long style (*paṭṭikā*) joint there should be (left) one part round the door; or there should be some ornament, otherwise the long style (*paṭṭikā*) alone should be made.
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75-76. The (recessed) portion at the corner in width of the meeting style may, otherwise, be double; the base and top of the meeting style should be raised (lit., high), and the (lotus) buds should be arranged at the top.
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77. It (the door) should be adorned with all ornaments, and decorated with leaves and creepers.
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78-79. Covering the upper and middle portions (of the door) the (image of the) supreme king should be arranged; on its sides should be the retinue, at the end of which should be carved a pair of elephants.
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80. On the right (leaf) should be made (the image of) Gaṇeśa (the God of success), and on the left (that of) Sarasvatī (the Goddess of learning).
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81. It should be furnished with the umbrella and the chowry, and adorned with arches and other ornaments.
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82. At the bottom it should be decorated with pitchers (as if) full of water, and with mirrors 83. This should be always made for the sake of security and as a source of prosperity.
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84. As an alternative the width of the meeting style (lit., door-joint) will be specified now.
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85-88. The width of the meeting style should begin from three four, five, or six *aṅgulas*, and be increased by two *aṅgulas* to twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or up to twenty-five *aṅgulas*.
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89-90. Or the width of the smallest, (the intermediate and), up to the largest types, should begin from one cubit and end at three cubits, the increment being by three *aṅgulas*.
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91. The expert (architect) should make the door with wood or stone.
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92. The smallest breadth should be (more) suitable for the width of the meeting style in all cases.
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93-94. This measurement of the door should be applied in buildings (of all castes); this may also be applied in temples of gods; there is no restriction (lit, defect) about it.
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95. The measurement of the door should be made together with (i.e., including) the door-ornaments.
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96. The length and width of the door-leaf (*kavāṭa*) should be proportionate to the length and width of the door.
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97. The thickness of the leaf should be one, two, three, four, or five (i.e., one-fifth part of the width).
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98. One or two leaves should be symmetrically attached thereto (i.e., to the door).
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99. A pair of wood is unsuitable; therefore, a single piece of wood should be used (for the door-leaf).
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100. When there are two door-leaves, two single pieces of wood should be used.
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101-102. The right leaf should be wider in breadth and the left leaf should be less by one, two, or three *aṅgulas*.
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103-104. The whole of that (difference between the two leaves) should be the (measure of the) width of the cupola-like termination, and its height should be double of it (the width); all the cupola-like terminations should be round in shape, and should be tapering like the female-breast from the root upwards.
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105-110. The door-frame should inwardly end at (i.e., but against) the door (leaf) proper; the width of the frame should be inwardly three, four, five, or six *aṅgulas*; along the length of the leaf the width of the frame may be made greater by two, four, six, eight, ten, or twelve parts; otherwise the (same) width (preferably) should be made three, four, five, or six *aṅgulas*; (thus) it should be made (of the same measure) along the length and width of the door (leaf) proper.
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111-112. The mullion (*āya-daṇḍa*) should be made three, five, or seven series; this should be symmetrically made in all the large and small ones (i.e., doors).
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113-114. In all (doors) the lotus, leaves, etc., should be gracefully ornamented covering one-fourth of the quadrangular panels within the (four) joints.
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115. The large door as well as the small door at the enclosure (wall, *prākāra*) should be furnished with two leaves (*kavāṭa*) each.
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116-119. The length (of the nail-socket) should begin from seven *aṅgulas* and be increased by two *aṅgulas* to twenty-five *aṅgulas*; the width should be three or four *aṅgulas*; a half of that should be made its thickness, and its height should be three, four, or five *aṅgulas*; thus is described the nail-socket. The nail (itself) will be described (now).
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120-121. The length of the nail (*kīla*) should be equal (i.e., proportionate) to the length of the socket, and the width of the nail should be, according to one's liking, one, two, or three *aṅgulas*.
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122-123. If there be a single pair of leaves the nail-socket should be fixed on the right side of the door (leaf) as well as at the foot of the door.
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124. There should be fixed knobs (*parvan*) at the bottom and top of the nail, and holes at the socket.
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125. The iron nail and the long style (*paṭṭa*) should be adorned with lotuses and leaves, etc.
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126. Two nail-pikes (*kīla-śūla*) should be fittingly made for all the leaves (*kavāṭa*).
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127. The wise (architect) should make them sufficiently strong and graceful.
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128–129. On the upper part of the door (leaf) as well as on the lower half attached to the base the long styles should be furnished with holes, and the upper pike of the leaf (*kavāṭa*) should be driven into those holes.
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130–131. For the inside doors (i.e., other than those on the enclosure wall) there may be fitted one leaf, the nail, and the socket, as also two leaves.
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132–133. At the middle of the length and width of the leaf there should be a pair of holes, and in each of those holes the nails should be driven from upwards.
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134. In this way leaves should be fittingly attached at the right and left.
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135. For the main temples of the gods the left leaf should be of larger size¹.
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¹ Compare lines 101 to 104 above.
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136. In case of the residential buildings of all people the wise (architect) should make the edge (of the door-leaf) according to one’s liking.
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137. Thus should be made the door by the architect (*sthapati*) with the help of his assistants (*sthāpaka*).
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138. In all kinds of divine buildings (i.e., temples) the middle door should be furnished with lattice-work.
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139. In the buildings of the twice born and the other castes the wise (architect) should furnish (with lattice) the windows (not the doors).
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140–141. In all kinds of buildings of the gods, the Brahmans, and the other castes, mullions of the fitting shape and as desired should be made at the middle.
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142\. The characteristic features and measurement of the door-style (*paṭṭikā*) will be stated now.
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143–144\. The door-style should be furnished with panels at the middle of the front side (of the leaf) with projection of one or two parts (from the face of the leaf).
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145\. The width of the door-style (*paṭṭikā*) should be one, three, or five parts.
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146–147\. The height of the door-style should be twice, one-and-three-fourths, or one-and-a-half of the width.
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148–152\. The height (of the door) being divided into eight parts, the lintel (*masūraka*) should be one part; twice that should be the height of the pillar (or the base, lit., foot), and a half of that the height of the entablature (*prastara*); equal to that should be the height of the neck (*grīva*), and the height of the cupola-like termination (*śikhā*) two parts; one-half of that should be the height of the dome (*stūpi*) and the head (*śiras*) should be shaped like a hall (*śālā*), or together with the wall (*bhitti*) it should be shaped like the nose (*nāsikā*).
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153\. Thus is described the assemblage of six members; the assemblage of four members (of the door) will be described now.
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154–155\. The height (of the door) being divided into six parts, the base (*vedikā*) is said to be of one part, the pillar (*pāda*) two parts, the head (*śiras*) two parts, and the cupola (*śikhā*) the rest (i.e., one part): these should be made as aforesaid.
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156–157\. The ancient (teachers) said that those (members) should be adorned with all ornaments; if the reverse be done through ignorance, it would ruin all prosperity.
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158–161\. If the doors be made in proper places and with measurement mentioned above, in the buildings of the gods, the Brahmans, the Kshatriyas, the Vaiśyas, and others, it would be the source of all prosperity.
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Thus in the *Mānasāra*, the science of architecture, the thirty-ninth chapter, entitled:
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The measurement of doors.
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THE ROYAL PALACES.
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1. The characteristic features of the palaces of the kings (of various ranks) will be described now.
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2-7. (The breadth) of the palaces of all classes of kings, of three sizes each, namely, the smallest and others (i.e., the intermediate and the largest) types, is said to begin from one hundred and eighty-one *daṇḍas* (of four cubits each) and end at two hundred and one *daṇḍas*, the increment being by two *daṇḍas*: their breadth is thus stated. The length (thereof) will be stated now it (the length) should be greater than the breadth by one-fourth, one-half, three-fourths, or twice the breadth.
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8-12. It (the breadth) should begin from one hundred and sixty-nine *daṇḍas* and end at one hundred and eighty-one *daṇḍas*, the increment being by two *daṇḍas*; these are the nine kinds consisting of three types, beginning from the smallest and ending at the largest (including the intermediate) : the width of the palace of the *Mahārāja* (class of kings) is thus described; the length (thereof) in all cases should be made greater than the breadth as (i.e., in accordance with the proportions) stated before.
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13-16. The nine kinds (of breadth) consisting of three types, the smallest, (the intermediate and the largest), are said to begin from one hundred and fifty-three *daṇḍas* and end at one hundred and sixty-nine *daṇḍas*, the increment being by two *daṇḍas*: thus are described all varieties of breadth of the palace of the *Narendra* (class of kings).
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17-19. The nine kinds of (breadth consisting of) the smallest and other types should begin from one hundred and thirty-nine *daṇḍas* and end at one hundred and fifty-(five) *daṇḍas*: thus is described the breadth of the palace of the *Pārshṇika* (class of kings).
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20. In all cases the length should be made greater than the breadth as (i.e., in accordance with the proportions) stated before.
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21-23. The nine kinds (of breadth) as before (i.e., consisting of three types, the smallest, etc.,) should begin from one hundred and twenty-three *daṇḍas* and end at one hundred and thirty-nine *daṇḍas*, the increment being by two *daṇḍas*: this should be the breadth of the palace of the *Paṭṭadhara* (class of kings); the length (thereof) should be as (i.e., in accordance with the proportions) stated before.
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24-26. The nine kinds (of breadth) of the smallest and other types should begin from one hundred and seven *daṇḍas* and end at one hundred and twenty-three *daṇḍas*, the increment being two *daṇḍas*: this should be the breadth of the palace of the *Maṇḍaleśa* (class of kings); the length (thereof) should be made as (i.e., in accordance with the proportions) said before.
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27-29. The nine kinds of breadth should begin from ninety-one *daṇḍas* and end at one hundred and seven *daṇḍas*: thus should be (the breadth) in the palace of the *Paṭṭabhāj* (class of kings); the length (thereof) should be as (i.e., in accordance with the proportions) said before.
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30-33. The nine kinds of the aforesaid measure (i.e., the breadth) should begin from seventy-five *daṇḍas* and end at ninety-one *daṇḍas*, the increment being by two *daṇḍas*: this should be the breadth of the smallest and other types in the palace of the *Prāhāraka* (class of kings); the length (thereof) should be increased up to twice the breadth as (i.e., in accordance with the proportions) stated before.
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34-37. The nine kinds of (breadth consisting of) the smallest and other types are said to begin from fifty-nine *daṇḍas* and end at seventy-five (*daṇḍas*), the increment being by two (*daṇḍas*): thus should be (the breadth) in the palace of the *Astragrāha* (class of kings); the length (thereof) should be as (i.e., in accordance with the proportions) stated before.
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38. There should be one to seven courts (*sālā*, lit., wall) in the palace of the *Chakravartin* (class of kings).
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39. (One to) six courts (*prākāra*) should be made in the palace of the *Adhirāja* (class of kings).
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40. There should be one to five courts (*sālā*) in the palace of the *Narendra* (class of kings).
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41. There should be up to four (courts) in the palace of the *Pārshṇika* (class of kings).
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42. There should be one to three courts (*sālā*) in the palaces of the three (classes of) kings beginning with *Paṭṭadhara*, (i.e., including the *Maṇḍaleśa*, and the *Paṭṭabhāj*).
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43. There should be one to two courts (*kuḍya*, lit., wall) in the palaces of the *Prāhāraka* and the *Astragrāha* (classes of kings).
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44-48. The innermost court (*sālā*) should be of one part, and the second of three parts; the third (court) should be of seven parts, and the fourth of thirteen parts; the fifth (court) should be of twenty-one parts, and the sixth of thirty-one parts; and the seventh (court) should be of three parts more (i.e., thirty-four parts), or of forty parts thus should be made the (proportionate) width (of the seven courts); the length should be as before (i.e., in accordance with the usual proportions).
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49-50. If some (i.e., when a certain) specified measure in *daṇḍas* (of four cubits each) be given to the innermost court, the measure (of the other courts) up to the seventh court should be increased in accordance with the aforesaid (proportions).
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51. These measures of the courts may exclude or include the (measure of the boundary) wall (*bhitti*).
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52-53. Thus the wall should be erected internally, and always externally; the wall should also be erected on the back side; the measurement (of them) will be described in order.
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54. Beyond the aforesaid dimensions the (boundary) wall should be erected all round.
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55-58. The width of the (partition) walls between the courts from the first (i.e., the innermost) to the seventh is stated to begin from one *daṇḍa* and end at four *daṇḍas*, the increment being by half a *daṇḍa*; but according to some, the increment should be by one cubit (i.e., a quarter *daṇḍa*) and the seven varieties of width should end at two *daṇḍas* and a half.
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59-61. The height of the rampart (*vapra*) beyond (the wall) should be equal to its width or greater by one-fourth, one-half, three-fourths, or twice the width.
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62-63. The width of the rampart (*bhitti-griha*, wall-house, support of the wall) should taper gradually from bottom to top, the width at the bottom being seven or eight parts, and decreasing (upwards) by one part.
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64-67. The top of the enclosure (wall, *prākāra*), of which the distance (from the rampart) at the bottom should be one cubit, should be at a distance of six, eight, or twelve *aṅgulas* (from the top of the rampart); both the bottoms (of the enclosure wall and the rampart) should be fittingly fixed.
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68. The rampart (lit., wall, *bhitti*) should be made of stone, brick, or earth.
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69-71 As an alternative (to the rampart), a ditch (lit., water-wall) may be made butting against the (enclosure) wall, where a pavilion-like structure (should be made); this structure is made with the intention of supplying a shelter to the guards, etc.: this (guard)-house should be of suitable dimensions; its width is also stated (to be of suitable measure).
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72. The *Parama-śāyika* plan should be marked in all the courts (*śālā*).
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73-74. Leaving out the *Brahmā* plot at the centre, in all the surrounding quarters should be constructed the dwelling houses of kings, and all other desirable people.
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75-76. In the *Indra* (east), or the *Varuṇa* (west) quarter should be built the palace of the *Sārvabhauma* (class of kings); or it should be in the *Arya* quarter, or in the four principal or intermediate quarters.
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77. The palace of the *Adhirāja* (class of kings) should be built in the *Yama* (south) and the *Vivasvat* quarters.
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78. The palace of the *Narendra* (class of kings) should be built in the *Bhūdhara* or the *Kubera* quarters.
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79-80. The palace (lit., house) of the *Pārshṇika* (class of kings) should be built in the *Indra* or the *Indrajaya* quarters; or this may be built in the *Pushpadanta* quarter.
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81-82. The palace (lit, house) of the *Paṭṭadhara* (class of kings) should be built in the *Rudra*, *Rudrajaya*, *Asura*, or *Soshaka* quarter.
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83-84. The palaces of the *Maṇḍaleśa* and the *Paṭṭabhāj* (classes of kings) should be built in the *Gṛihakshata*, *Savitra*, or *Sāvitra* quarter.
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85-86. The palaces (lit., houses) of the *Prāhāraka* and the *Astra-grāha* (classes of kings) should be built in the *Apavatsa*, *Āpavatsa*, *Mṛiga*, or *Mukhyaka* quarter.
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87-88. The palaces of all classes of kings may be laid out in the four plans beginning with the *Sthānīya*¹ as has been recommended by the ancient (architects).
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¹ Including the *Deśya*, *Ubhaya-chaṇḍita*, and *Bhadra* (see chapter VII, page 34).
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89. All the main palaces should have their (main) door towards the east.
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90-91. The residences for the queens of the various classes of kings should be situated to the south, the north, the south-west, or the north-west of those main palaces.
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92. The coronation hall, etc., should be situated to the south of the main palace.
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93. The arsenal (lit., house for storage of weapons) should be situated in the *Sugrīva*, or the *Pushpadanta* quarter.
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94. The (ordinary) store-house should be situated in the *Asura* or the *Śoshaka* quarter.
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95. The treasury and the house for the storage of (valuable) clothes should be separately situated in the *Varuṇa* (west) or the *Nair-ṛita* (south-west) quarter.
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96. The houses for keeping jewels and gold, etc., should be situated in the *Soma* (north) or the *Mukhyaka* quarter.
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97. The house for the storage of ornaments should be optionally in the *Gandharva* or the *Bhṛiṅgarāja* quarter.
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98–99. The dining hall should be situated in the south or south-west, as well as in the north-east, where should also be situated the kitchen.
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100. The tank should be dug in the north-west or the south-west.
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101. To the north of the queen’s residence should be situated the house for the queen’s guards (*kañchuki*, attendants on the women’s apartment).
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102. The flower pavilion should be constructed to the north-east of the *Kubera* quarter.
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103–104. The bath-house should be situated in the *Aditi* or the *Udita* quarter; beyond that should be built the pavilion for washing purposes (lit., cleansing the body).
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105. The maternity house¹ should be situated in the north-west or the south-west.
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¹ Where a mother is confined for about a month subsequent to her having given birth to a child.
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106. The houses for male and female servants (? slaves) should be situated in the *Pūshan* or the *Vitatha* quarter.
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107. The bed-chamber (sleeping apartment) should be situated in the *Gṛiha-kshata* quarter.
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108. The house for the court ladies (*vilāsinī*, lit., fashionable ladies) should be situated in the *Mukhya* or the *Bhallāṭa* quarter.
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109. The house of the royal palanquin-bearers² should be situated in the *Dauvārika* quarter.
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² Compare chapter IX. 38, page 75, note 3.
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110. The stables for horses and elephants, etc., should be built on the left side of the gate.
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111. The guard-house for the watchmen (police) should be situated on the right side of the gate.
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112. The house for the barber should be built in the *Satyaka* or the *Antariksha* quarter.
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113. The carriage-sheds (lit., houses for keeping carriages in) should be built in the *Bhrisa* quarter; and the rest should be arranged as stated before (i.e., by the ancient architects)¹.
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¹ That is, following the ancient custom, and the comfort and convenience of the master.
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114. The (arrangement of houses within the) innermost court is thus described; (that of) the outer courts will be described here.
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115. The palace of the crown-prince should be built in the *Varuṇa* quarter (west).
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116. To the east or the north of that should be the quarters for his servants.
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117–118. The audience-hall should be built in the south, the north, the north-west, or the south-west, or to the north-west of the tank.
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119. To the left or the south of the *Nāga* quarter should be laid out the pleasure garden (orchard).
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120. Beyond that should be laid out the flower-garden in the *Mukhya* or the *Bhallāṭa* quarter.
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121. Beyond those should be constructed the dancing hall, and the various courtyards for dancing.
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122. Temples for one's own (personal) worship as well as for the public (lit., votaries, *yajamāna*) should be built in the north-east.
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123. The house for the priest should be built to the south of the palace in the second court (of the palace).
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124. The house for the chanting of the sacred literature should be built in the *Roga*, or the *Mukhyaka* quarter.
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125-126. On the outer side of the second enclosure wall should be (opened) its (main) gate; to the right of that (gate) should be situated the great armoury together with dragon-like door-guards on the outside.
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127. The cow-sheds should be built in the *Īśa* quarter (north-east) with doors towards the *Mahendra* quarter (east).
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128. On the either side of those should be built houses for rams; and the monkey-house should be situated in the *Satyaka* quarter.
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129. The stable for horses should be built in the area from the quarter of *Soma* (north) to the quarter of *Īśāna* (north-east).
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130. The stable for the elephants should be built (in the region) from the quarter of *Yama* (south) to the quarter of *Pāvaka* (south-east).
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131. Therefrom up to the quarter of *Nair-ṛita* (south-west) should be the place for the fowl-house.
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132. The houses for the deer and other animals should be situated in the region from the north-west to the *Mukhya* quarter.
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133. The bird-sheds should be built in the *Sugrīva* and the *Pushpadanta* quarters.
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134-135. An elevated platform (*vedi*) together with a courtyard for security from accident should be constructed beyond the north or in the north as well as the north-west.
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136. Around that should be erected a fence of pointed pikes (*śūla-kampa*) with doors in the south and the north.
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137-138. To the west of those should be situated the pavilion (*maṇḍapa*) to see a fight from; this pavilion should be fittingly constructed so that ascending on it (i.e., on an elevated ground) one can conveniently see (the fight going on below).
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139. The shed for the ram-fight should be built in the *Varuṇa* (west) or the *Pushpadanta* quarter.
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140-143. The pavilion for the cock-fight should be erected in the *Mṛiga* or the *Bhṛiṅgarāja* quarter; the courtyard of that pavilion should be fenced around by the interior; its width from end to end (lit., from bottom to top) should be one, two, three, four, or five cubits, and its depth (i.e., the height) should be two and a half cubits; it should be furnished with (cross) bars one and a half cubits (long).
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144. The house for the peacocks should be built in the *Dauvārika* quarter.
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145. The house for the tigers should be built beyond the right side of the gate.
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146. Outside that should be built the temples and houses for the hunters.
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147. The house for the secret residence should be situated in the *Vitatha* quarter of the third court.
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148. In the *Yama* (southern) quarter of the fourth court should be the war office (lit., the hall for discussing peace and war).
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149-151. To see the marching of (lit., mounting on) horses, elephants, and vehicles a pavilion should be built in the south, the west, the north, or the east of the sixth or the seventh court.
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152. The theatre hall (*raṅga-maṇḍapa*) should be built in the *Īśa* (north-east), or the *Vitatha* quarter.
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153. The prison should be constructed in the *Bhṛiśa*, or the *Antarīkṣha* quarter.
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154. On the four sides of the court (*prākāra*) should be opened doors and gateways (*gopura*).
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155. The rest should be made as said before (by the ancient architects) in accordance with the liking of the king in particular.
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Linked texts (1)
- Mānasāra — Sanskrit