The Development of Hindu Iconography c23: Index

The Development of Hindu Iconography c23

Language: English

Index

Abhicārika-(Abhicārikasthānaka-) mūrti of Viṣṇu, 78, 399, 404 Abhinayadarpaṇa, a work on Dramaturgy, 248, 278-9 Abhilaṣitārtha Cintāmaṇi, 18, 215 Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi, 561 Abhīra, 422 Abundantia, 560 Abu temples, 16 Ācāra Dinakara, a Jaina text, 561 Acyuta, 132 Adbhuta Brāhmaṇa, 68 Adhikāra Nandin, 534, 536, 539 Adhokṣaja, a Sub-Vyūha of Viṣṇu, 411 Ādi Buddha, 285 (n.) Ādimūrti, 404, 407 Ādi Nāga (Ādiśeṣa), 147, 275, 349, 399(n.), 404, 407, 414, 426 Ādinātha, the first Jina, 391 Ādi Śakti, and other four Śaktis of Śiva, 236 Aditi, 69, 207, 490 Āditya(s), 31, 49, 92, 305, 318, 321 (n.), 324, 365 (n.), 411, 417, 428-9, 441, 550, 577 Ādityavardhana, 431 Ādyāśakti, 509 Āgamānta Śaivas (Āgamāntins, Āgamānta Śaivism), 452-3, 465, 478 Āgamas, 19, 26, 29, 135, 213, 223, 239, 355, 452, 457, 464-6, 497, 500 (n.), 524 Agastya, the sage, 17, 492 (n.) Agathokles, an Indo-Greek King, 111 Ageladas, 309 Aghora, an aspect of Śiva, 228, 465, 476, 482 Aghora, one of the five aspects of Śiva, 460, 478, 479 (n.), 573 Agni, 43, 45 (n.), 49, 51, 61, 64, 69, 73, 75, 77-8, 146-7, 176, 233, 339, 371, 393, 447 (n.), 485, 491, 520-1, 524-6, 529, 540, 577 Agnicayana, a Vedic ritual, 60, 154 (n.) Agni mantras, 566-7 Agnimitra, the Pañcāla chief, 115, 146-7, 151 Agnipurāṇa, 20-2, 27, 30-1, 91, 211, 289, 338, 362, 391-2, 410-2, 417, 420, 425, 443, 532, 555, 571 Agniṣṭoma, and other Vedic sacrifices, 88 Agnyādheya, a Vedic rite, 60 Ahi Budhnya, 'the serpent of the deep', 50, 345

c23.3

Ahicchatrā, the capital of the Pañcāla country, 147 Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā, a Pāñcarātra text, 269-71, 300, 391-2 Ahi Vṛtra, 345 Aindra mantras, 566 Aindrī (Indrāṇī), a Mātṛkā, 504-6 Aiṅginī, 35 Airāvaṇa (Airāvata), 345, 523 Aja Ekapād, 50, 232 Ajakālaka, the Yakṣa, 100, 254, 255 (n.), 342 Ājīvikas, 77 Ājñācakra, 494 Ākāśagāmīs, 336 Akrūra, 93 Akṣobhya, a Dhyānī Buddha, 262 Alakāmanda, the Yakṣiṇī of, 369 Alakṣmī, 372, 383-4 Ālamba, a lake, 530 Alambuṣā, the Apsarā, 353 Alberuni, 21 Alexander the Great, 38 (n.), 89, 438, 449 Alhanādevī, a Kalacuri Queen, 35, 570 Al Idrisi, 130 Al Idrisi and other Arab Geographers, 431 Aliṅgana Candraśekharamūrti, 464, 466, 468 Allahabad Pillar Inscription, 10 Ālvārs, South Indian Vaiṣṇava saints, 26, 80, 302, 319 (n.), 382 Amarakoṣa, 358 Amazon, a statue of, 330 Ambā, a name of Durgā, 191 Ambikā, 127, 135, 355, 491, 504 Ambikā, the Śāsanadevatā of Neminātha, 563 Amitābha, the Dhyānī Buddha, 540, 547-8, 555-6, 559 Amoda, 409 Āmrātaka (Āmrātakeśvara), 179 Amṛta, a Gauḍiyan Sculptor, 98 (n.), 242-3 Amṛtaharaṇa, a name of Garuḍa, 529-30 Amśa, 428 Aṃśumadbhedāgama, 17, 20, 31, 32 (n.), 280 (n.), 358, 365, 377, 383, 443, 466, 516, 523, 527-8 Anādhṛṣṭi, 93 Anāhita, 196 Ananta, a Nāga, 103, 275, 346-9, 420 Ananta, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391, 392 (n.) Ananta, a name of Śiva, 191 Anantagumpha Sūrya relief, 433

c23.4

Anantānandagiri (Ānandagiri), a biographer of Saṃkarācārya, 354 (n.), 357, 430 Anantaśayana, a form of Viṣṇu, 275-6, 283, 519 Ananta Vāsudeva, 191, 503 Andhakāsura, Andhakāsura-vadhamūrti (of Śiva), 486 Aṅgiras, a sage, 18 Aṅgulas, 311, 312 (n.), 315 ff., 329 Anila, a name of Vāyu, 520 Aniruddha, grandson of Kṛṣṇa, 24, 94, 104, 386-7, 388 (n.), 408-9, 573 Annapūrṇā, 484 Antagaḍa dasāo, a Jaina text, 211 Antarikṣa, 207 Antialkidas, an Indo-Greek King, 9, 148 Antigonus, 309 Antiochus I of Commagne, 438 Antiochus IV, the Syrian Emperor, 38 (n.) Antoninus of Emesa, 89 Anugrahamūrtis of Śiva, 234, 484 Anyor Buddha, 257 Apalāla, the Nāga, 346 Apapati, an epithet of Varuṇa, 520 Aparājita, a god of the household, 86 Aparājitā, a Vajrayāna goddess, 275 Aparājitapṛcchā (same as Aparājita Vāstuśāstra), 18 Aparṇā, a name of Durgā, 492 Apasmāra-puruṣa, 121, 258, 274, 457, 472, 474, 487 Āpastamba Gṛhyasūtra, 69, 70 (n.), 86 Aphrodite of Cnidus, 309, 330 Apliṅga (of Jambukeśvara, 114 Āpodaka, 345 (n.) Apollo, 438 Apollodotus, an Indo-Greek King, 157, 438 Appar, a South Indian Śaiva Saint, 454 Apratihata, 86 Apsarasas, 259, 336, 338, 345, 351, 353 Āramikīśvara, 180 Arantuka, 344 Āraṇyakas, 66, 68 Arcā, 204 Archebius, an Indo-Greek King, 200 Ardhanārīśvara, 5, 89, 181-2, 202, 233, 465, 475, 477, 509, 529, 552-4 Ardochso, 127, 155, 194, 239 Ariṣṭa, the bull demon, 102 Arjuna, 76, 85, 191, 345 (n.), 393, 462 Arjunāyana, 109 Arka, an epithet of Sūrya, 520 Arrian, 77 Ārṣakaliṅgas, 458-9 Artemis, 9 Arthaśāstra, 86, 88 Aruṇa, charioteer of Sūrya, 435-7, 439-40, 530, 548, 551-2 Āryā, a name of Durgā, 492 Āryā Kuraṅgī, 570 Aryaman, 428 Aryā-Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa, 221 (n.) Āryāstava, 491-2, 502

c23.5

Āryadeva, the teacher of Govā, 378 Asamyuta hastas, handposes adopted in dancing, 278 Āsanas, different kinds of, 269 ff., 298-9. Asaṅga, 64 Aśani, a name of Rudra, 448 Asita, 345 (n.), 521 Asitāṅga, a kind of Bhairava, 466 Aśoka, 90, 96-7, 103 (n.), 151, 243, 381, 569 Aṣṭādhyāyī, 74 Aṣṭadikpālas, 321 (n.), 339, 519 ff. Aṣṭamātṛkās, 561 Aṣṭanāgas, 346 Aṣṭanidhis, 340, 560 Astika, son of Manasā, 350 Aṣṭottaraśataliṅga, 459-60 Asuras, 77, 205, 325, 336, 338, 367, 372, 382, 413-4, 417-8, 433 (n.), 487, 504-5, 546 Aśvamedha, 37, 88, 91-2, 110 Aśvamukhī, a Yakṣī, 111, 352 Aśvatthāmā, 462 Aśvins, 86, 324, 442 Atargat's, a Syrian goddess, 38 (n.) Atharvaśiras Upaniṣad, 451 Atharvaveda, 46, 59, 98 (n.), 337, 345, 351, 371, 448, 521, 572 Atīśa Dīpaṅkara, 380 Atlantos, 434 Ātman, 74 Atri, the sage, 13 Auḍārā, 35 Audīcya Brāhmans, 514 Audumbara Coins, 132, 265, 395 Auṛṇabhāva, a Vedic commentator, 385 Avalokiteśvara, Lokeśvara, a Bodhisattva, 24, 228 (n.), 271 (n.), 288, 540, 547, 556, 558-9 Āvaraṇadevatās, 519 Avaruddhakas, 77 Avatāras (of Viṣṇu), 235, 298, 389-90, 392-3, 412-5, 417, 420-1, 425, 427, 471, 571 Aveśāvatāra, 419 Avimukta, another name of Banaras, 179 Avyaṅga, 292, 437, 552 Ayāgapaṭas, 171 Ayudhapuruṣas, 149, 394, 397, 403, 408, 426, 537-b, 554, 556 Azes, 110 (n.), 134, 136, 155, 237, 257, 265, 543 Azilises, 110, 265, 543

c23.6

c23.7

Babhru, 345 (n.) Babhruvāhana, 345 (n.) Babylonia, 47 Badami eight-armed Viṣṇu, 401 Baḍavāvakta (same as Hayagrīva), an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391 Badkamta Revanta relief, 443

c23.8

Badva Yūpas, 103 (n.), 110 Bairhatta Sūrya relief, 439-40 Balabandhu, 15 (n.) Baladeva, Balarāma (Rāma), 77, 93, 103, 133, 211, 289, 300, 302, 306, 320, 338, 347, 349, 390-2, 408, 412, 419-24, 502-3, 555 Balarāmabhāratam, a Sanskrit work on dramaturgy, 249 (n.) Balarāma Kulaśekhara, the author of Balarāmabhāratam, 249 (n.) Bali, the son of Virocana, 319, 324, 418-9 Bānaliṅgas, 82-3, 458 Bandhuvarman, 431 (n.) Barbaras, 492 Bardasanes, 89, 182 Basarh Seals, 177-80, 189, 193-5, 197-201, 226 Baṭuka Bhairava, 466, 482 Besnagar banyan capital, 104-5, 194 Besnagar Gaṅgā, 354 Besnagar Inscription of Heliodorus, 90, 92, 393-4 Bhada Pugarin, pupil of Gomitaka, 242 (n.) Bhadra, a man type, 311, 312 (n.) Bhadrā, 133 Bhadraghoṣa, a Pañcāla chief, 111, 133 Bhadrakālī, 491 Bhadrāryya, a name of the Devī, 363 Bhadreśvara, a name of Śiva, 182-4, 189 Bhaga, 428 Bhagavadgītā, 73, 191, 252, 253 (n.), 300, 362, 387 (n.), 389, 396, 426, 493, 541 Bhāgavatapurāṇa, 390, 408, 421, 426-7, 471, 513 (n.) Bhāgavatas, 80, 230-1, 243, 513, 567, 571 Bhagavatī, 577 Bhagīratha, 354 Bhairava, a terrific form of Śiva, 465, 481-3, 495, 513 (n.), 561, 573-4 Bhaja Indra relief, 238 Bhaja Sūrya relief, 238, 433 Bhakti, 72-5, 78, 80, 88, 228, 240 (n.), 335, 386, 393, 408 Bhānu, 365 (n.), 576-7 Bhānumitra, the Pañcāla chief, 139, 198, 432 Bharadvāja, the son of Bṛhaspati, 54 Bhāradvāja Saṃhitā Pariśiṣṭa, 394, 396 Bharata, the author of Nāṭyaśāstra, 278-80, 472 (n.), 474 Bhāratī, a name of Sarasvatī, 358, 496 Bhārgava Rāma (Paraśurāma), 320, 390-1, 419 Bharhut foreign figure, 293-4 Bhāsa, 37 Bhāskara, 138, 576-7 Bhava, a name of Śiva, 462 Bhava, one of the eight names of Rudra, 448, 449 (n.) Bhavabhūti, 452 (n.) Bhavanapati, a class of Jaina deities, 561 Bhavānī, 10, 491 Bhaveśa, 126, 136 Bhaviṣyapurāṇa, 107, 206-7, 209, 211, 217, 430, 568 Bhikṣāṭanamūrti (of Śiva), 483-4 Bhīma, the second Pāṇḍava, 37, 527 Bhīma, Bhīṣaṇa, appellations of Durgā, 83 (n.), 495 Bhīmādevī, 83, 135 Bhīmasena, seal found at Bhita, 197 Bhīmasthāna, 495 Bhīṣaṇa, a type of Bhairava, 466 Bhīṣma, 336 Bhītargaon brick temple, 275, 359, 406 Bhita sculpture, 455 (n.), 464 (n.) Bhita seals, 177-8, 182-5, 189, 193-4, 196-9, 201, 226, 265 Bhogāsanamūrti of Viṣṇu, 538 Bhogasthānakamūrti of Viṣṇu, 403 Bhojadeva, king of Dhara, 18-9, 209 Bhonuka, 101 Bhṛgu, a sage, 13, 15 (n.), 18, 324, 391 Bhṛṅgī, 553 Bhṛśa, 207 Bhūdevī (Bhū, Bhūmi), 30, 147, 324, 398, 406, 415, 560 Bhumara Śiva temple, 356, 359 Bhumara Sūrya relief, 435-6 Bhūmimitra, the Pañcāla chief, 147, 151 Bhūtanātha (Bhūtapati), names of Śiva, 446 Bhūtas, 325, 336 Bihar stone pillar inscription, 363 Bīja Gaṇapati and other iconographic varieties of Gaṇeśa, 358 Bilsad stone inscription, 363 Bilvedāsa, seals of, 201 Birbhum Manasā relief, 350 Bodh Gaya Sūrya relief, 238 Bodhisattvas, 242, 247, 259, 284, 288, 292, 400, 555 (n.), 557 Bodhi tree, 59, 84, 99, 108 (n.), 116, 152, 262, 348, 379, 531, 569 Brahma, 510-1, 577 Brahmā, 14, 77, 88, 101, 125, 230-2, 286, 302, 304-5, 324, 377, 386, 393, 395, 405, 407, 413-4, 419, 429, 445-6, 456 (n.), 462-3, 465, 475-6, 484-5, 493, 496-7, 500, 504, 510 ff., 521, 523, 545, 548-52, 558-9, 562, 567, 572, 576-7 Brahmā, his various names in the epics, 512 (n.) Brahmabhāga, 458 Brahmadatta, 250 Brahmadeva, 450 Brahmakāṇḍa, 458 (n.) Brahmamitra, 111 Brahman, 363 Brahmanaspati, a Vedic god addressed as Gaṇapati, 356, 510, 575 Brahmāṇī (Brāhmī), a Mātṛkā, 34, 490 (n.), 496, 504-5

c23.9

Brahmanyadeva, a name of Kārttikeya, 141, 143-4, 154, 362-3 Brahmapurāṇa, 23, 442 (n.) Brahmaśiraśchedakamūrti, 232, 304, 465, 513 (n.) Brahmasthāna, 129 Brahmavaivarttapurāṇa, 355 Brahmavatī, 98 Brahmavidyā, 361, 491 Brahmā-Viṣṇu-Śiva-Sūrya, a composite image at Khajuraho, 125, 552 Brahmayāmala, a Tāntric text, 22 Brahmāyatana, 516 Bṛhadratha, Jarāsandha's father, 380 Bṛhaspati (Jupiter), 429, 443-5, 521 Bṛhaspati, a Vedic god, 356, 371 Bṛhaspati, the preceptor of the Devas, 13-4, 517 Bṛhatsaṃhitā, 14, 16-7, 21, 25, 28, 31, 103 (n.), 131, 135, 145, 149, 190, 204, 211, 217, 230 (n.), 250-1, 257, 269, 274, (n.), 286 (n.), 301, 306, 311 (n.), 312 (n.), 313, 316-7, 319 (n.), 321 (n.), 322 (n.), 324-5, 333, 341, 346 (n.), 354, 357, 364, 392, 396, 400-1, 413 (n.), 418, 420, 423-4, 431, 437, 442, 451, 458, 459 (n.), 494, 502, 504, 516, 523 (n.), 524-6, 565. Buddha (Śākyamuni), 4, 6, 8, 10, 59, 61, 76, 79, 81, 82, 84, 96, 103, 110, 112, 144, 161, 193, 196, 212, 216, 223, 230, 235-6, 238, 243, 250, 254-256-7, 262, 273, 275-6, 282, 284, 286-9, 290 (n.), 294-6, 302, 328, 332, 342, 346, 348-9, 352, 375 (n.), 379, 381, 390-3, 397, 401 (n.), 402, 424-5, 481, 517, 523, 531, 547, 558, 567, 569 Baddhapāda, 202 Buddhi, one of Gaṇapati's consorts, 358 Budha (Mercury), 429, 443

c23.10

c23.11

Caḍā (Camḍā, Candrā), a Yakṣiṇī, 100, 369 Caesar, 58 Caitya-Vṛkṣas, 84, 205 Cakrapuruṣa, 400, 403-5, 407-8, 538-9, 557 Cakrayāka, the Nāgarāja, 348 Cāmuṇḍā (Cāmuṇḍī), 187, 258, 274, 302, 473, 490 (n.), 497, 504-5, 507 Caṇḍa, a demon, 505 Caṇḍa, a type of Bhairava, 466 Caṇḍeśa, a Gaṇa of Śiva, 260, 485 Caṇḍeśānugrahamūrti, (of Śiva), 189, 260, 484 Caṇḍeśvara, a name of Śiva, 189 Caṇḍī (Caṇḍikā), 34, 172, 502, 504 Caṇḍikāśakti, 504 Candra, a Pūrvācārya, 18 Candragupta-Kumāradevī Coins, 127, 135 Candragupta II, 135, 244, 273, 450, 480, 532 Candragupta II Cave (Udayagiri), 359, 400, 402, 498 Candramas (Candra, the moon god), 49, 77, 418, 520, 576-7 Candramukha, the Yakṣa, 341-2 Candraśekharamūrti, 463-4, 466-7, 536 Canon, Doryphorus known by the name of, 330-1 Cāraṇas, 325 Caryā, and the three 'pādas' in the Pāñcarātra and Śaiva systems, 19, 452-3 Caṣṭaṇa, the Śaka Mahākṣatrapa, 38 Catalogus Catalogorum (Aufrecht), 18 Catura, a dance mode, 474 Caturmukha, an appellation of Brahmā, 514 Caturmūrti, Caturvyūha (of Viṣṇu), 387, 408-10, 572 Caturvargacintāmaṇi, 22, 138 (n.), 294, 339 (n.), 351, 411, 527 (n.) Caturviṃśatimūrtis (of Viṣṇu), 235, 388, 410 Chabyāputta, a Nāga chief, 346 Chāgavaktra, an epithet of Skanda, or his companion, 363, 367, 562 Chāndogya Upaniṣad, 6, 7, 76, 363 Chandrajñāna, 273 Channavīra, an ornament, 291 Chatra type of Gupta coins, 532 Chatreśvara, an epithet of Śiva, 257 Chauddagram figure of Sūrya, 436-7 Chauṅṣaṭ Yoginī temple (Bheraghat), 34 Chāyā, a consort of Sūrya, 429, 439 Chhargaon Nāga image, 101, 349 Chinnamastā, 560 (n.) Citragupta, 294, 525 Citralakṣaṇa, 16-7, 29, 221 (n.) Citraratha, the Gandharva, 351 Citra-Śikhaṇḍins, 14 (n.) Cnidus, 331 Coomaraswamy, A. K., 8-10, 16, 55, 59, 61, 85, 89, 96, 98-100, 102-3, 105, 108 (n.), 110 (n.), 111-2, 114, 118, 153, 190, 197, 221 (n.), 226, 247 (n.), 253-4 (n.), 257, 269, 277 (n.), 279, 285 (n.), 293, 296, 299, 305, 338, 356, 359, 375 (n.), 462, 473 (n.) Culakokā (Kṣudrakokā), a devatā, 100, 291, 369, 374 Cullavagga, a Buddhist text, 346 Cunningham, A., 104, 115, 117, 121-2, 124, 126-8, 130-1, 134, 139, 147, 151, 152, 183, 190, 237, 253 (n.), 343, 374, 405 (n.), 413, 514, 544, 570 Curtius, 449

c23.12

c23.13

Dadhikarṇa, 349 Dagobas, 4 Daityas, 324, 336, 424, 486, 517 Daivika liṅgas, 458-9

c23.14

Dākinī, 34, 494 Dakṣa, a solar deity, 428 Dakṣa-Prajāpati, 494-5 Dakṣiṇāmūrti (of Śiva), 464, 470 Dānavas, 336, 493 Daṇḍa, 107 Dandan-uiliq (Khotan), wooden panel from, 477 Daṇḍī, an attendant of Sūrya, 435-7, 439-40, 525 Danturā, 507 Danu, 368 Darius, his sepulchre at Naqshi Rustum, 438 Daśapura, Sun temple of, 431 (n.) Daśāvatāras, 385, 390, 415, 417, 420-1, 424-5 Daśāvatara cave (Ellora), 463 Dattātreya, a composite god, also an Avatāra, 233, 390-2 Deddarī, 35 Demeter, 127, 148 (n.), 155 Demetrius, the Indo-Greek King, 122, 150 (n.) Demons and goblins in the Gṛhyasūtras, 70 (n.) Deogarh Nara Nārāyaṇa panel, 254-5, 262, 291, 426 Deogarh Viṣṇu temple, 235, 275-6, 283, 285 (n.), 353, 404, 417, 421-2, 426, 470, 538 Deora Sūrya relief, 435-6 Deoriya Yakṣa, 98-9 Deśika Subrahmaṇya, 363 (n.) Devamitra, an Ayodhyan chief, 141 Devāram hymns, 454 Deva(s), 77, 336, 382, 413-4, 417, 475, 517, 520, 546, 552, 575 Devasenā, consort of Kārttikeya, 367 Devasenā Kalyāṇasundaramūrti, 367 Devatāmūrtiprakaraṇam, 21 (n.), 23, 411 Devatās, 99, 100, 354, 368-70, 373-4 Devayajana, 354 Deveśvara, an epithet of Sūrya, 430 Devibhāgavata, 13 Devistutis, 492-3 Devīsūkta, 490-1, 493 Dhamma, 90, 97 Dhanada, a name of Kubera, 199, 200, 294, 339 Dhanapati (Dhanādhipa), epithets of Kubera, 69, 337-9, 423 Dhanus (personified) 538 Dharaghoṣa, the Audumbara chief, 116-8, 120-2, 157, 237, 250, 257 Dhārāliṅgas, 459-60 Dharapaṭṭa, the Maitrāka King of Balabhi, 431 Dharma, an incarnation of Viṣṇu, 391 Dharma, as bull, 573 Dharma, image of, 88 Dharmacakra, 97, 108 (n.), 131-2, 137, 152, 187, 262 Dharmacakramudrā, 6, 256 Dharmaprastha, 88

c23.15

Dharmaśāstrās, 541 Dhātā (Dhātṛ), 46, 429, 445, 512, 550 Dhātṛ, an aspect of Sūrya, 428, 550 Dhenuka, the ass demon, 102, 422, 424 Dhiṣaṇā, 490 Dhṛtarāṣṭra, one of the four Mahārājas, 85, 521 Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Kuru King, 37 Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Nāga King, 345 Dhruva, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391 Dhruva, the polestar, 115-6 Dhruvaberas, (of Viṣṇu), 26, 30, 264, 396-7, 400, 403 Dhruvamitra, the Pañcāla chief, 110 Dhruvaśarman, 143 Dhulicitra, 223 Dhumrorṇā, consort of Yama, 525 Dhyānamālā, (s), 25 Dhyānamantras, 23-5, 32 Dhyānayoga, 48, 78-9, 285, 307 Dhyānī-Bodhisattva, 558 Dhyāni-Buddha, 255, 262, 500 (n.), 540, 547-8, 555-6 Didarganj female figure (Yakṣiṇī), 97, 99, 224 (n.), 292 Digambara Jainas, 425, 567 Dīghanikāya, 253 (n.) Dikpālas, 76, 207, 395, 485, 517, 519 ff., 561 Dinna, a resident of Mathura, 242-3 Diodorus, 449 Diomedes, an Indo-Greek King, 200 Dionysius, 9 (n.), 89 (n.) Dioscuri, 200 Dīpānvita, (Lakṣmīpūjā in Bengal), 384 Dīrghatamas, 540 Dīrghatapasvī, the sage, 255 Diśā, 77 Divākara and other Vratas, 138 (n.) Divine Mothers (Mothers), 363-4, 482-3, 491, 494, 503-5 Dommanapāla, Copper plate of, 11 Doryphorus, or Canon, 309, 330 Drāviḍa māna, 28 Drāviḍa Vedas, 26 Dṛdhamitra, 111 Dundubhi, 165-6 Durgā, (Ambikā, Pārvatī), 5, 35 (n.), 36, 87 (n.), 89, 96 (n.), 111, 133-5, 154, 166, 173, 184-7, 191, 197-8, 257, 265, 301, 324, 490-2, 497, 501, 510, 545, 563 Durgāsaptaśatī, a name of Caṇḍī, 166 Durgāstotras, 491-2, 502 Durgā Vairocanī, 491 Durgī, 577 Dussaha, the husband of Jyeṣṭhā, 382 Dvādaśādityas, 441, 550 Dvāpara, 28 successive ages of, 13, 15 (n.) Dvārapālas, 476 Dvimukha liṅga, 461 Dyaus, a Vedic god, 55

c23.16

c23.17

Eabani, 163 Ekamukha liṅga, 461 Ekānamśa, 111, 133, 251, 257, 502-03, 505 Ekāntika and other early names (Bhāgavata, Pāñcarātra, Sāttvata, etc.) of the Vaiṣṇava cult, 386 Ekapādamūrti, 232, 519 Ekārṇavaśāyin, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 392 Ekaśṛṅgatanu (same as Matsya Avatāra), 392 Ekavrātya, an epithet of Rudra, 448 (n.) Ekaliṅgaji, a name of Śiva, 118 (n.) Elāpatra, the Nāgarāja, 100, 161, 346, 348 Endymion, 276, 407 Eucratides, an Indo-Greek King, 9, 140, 148, 238 Euhemerus, 310 Euphranor, 309 Euthydemus II, an Indo-Greek King, 157

c23.18

c23.19

Gadādevī, 400, 403-5, 407-8, 538 Gahapati Jātaka, ilustrated at Bharhut, 259 Gajāsura, 486 Gajāsurasamhāramūrti, (of Śiva), 234, 486-7 Gajalakṣmī, 106, 110, 133, 150, 188, 194, 196-7, 265, 375-6 Gajendramokṣa, an aspect of Viṣṇu, 426 Gāṇapa Liṅgas, 458 Gaṇapati (Vināyaka), 355, 575-6 Gaṇapatideva, Moṭupalli Pillar Inscription of, 103 (n.) Gāṇapatya, 6, 140, 231, 354, 357-8, 361 (n.), 500 (n.) Gāṇapatya Liṅgas, 458 Gaṇas, 161, 163, 166 (n.), 205, 336, 355-7, 359, 362, 475, 483, 535, 575 Gandhāra, 8, 83-4, 100, 203, 210, 212, 236-8, 241, 254, 256, 262, 282, 284, 286, 288, 292 (n.), 294, 296, 332, 339, 348, 368, 381, 398, 401-2, 409, 422-3, 434, 517, 523, 529, 531 Gandharvas, 77, 101, 163, 265, 281-3, 298, 325, 336, 345, 351-3, 521 Gandharvanagaras, 351 Gaṇeśa (Gaṇapati), 5, 187, 230-1, 275, 289, 325 (n.), 335, 354-64, 444-5, 469-70, 474, 482, 500, 505, 510, 542, 545, 561, 575-7 Gaṇeśānī, Śakti of Gaṇeśa, 35 Gaṇeśvara, an epithet of Śiva, 355 Gaṇeśvara, also a name of Viṣṇu, 355 (n.) Gaṅgā, 265, 353-4, 414, 419, 475, 486, 526, 536 Gaṅgādhara, an aspect of Śiva, 477, 486 Gaṅgita (Gāṅgeya), a Yakṣa figure at Bharhut, 100, 342 Garga, 14 Garga, a disciple of Lakulīśa, 451, 481 Garuḍa, 10-1, 117, 154, 163, 188, 190, 196-7, 292, 305, 324, 351, 353, 368, 397, 402, 404-6, 426, 429, 434, 506, 515, 529-35, 538-40, 546, 549, 551-2, 556-7, 572, 577 Garuḍa, the Yakṣa of the Jina Śāntinātha, 562 Garuḍadhvaja, 92, 103-4, 388 (n.), 531, 534-9 Garuḍapurāṇa, 21 Garuḍāsana Viṣṇu, 405 Garutmān, 50-1, 92, 163, 429, 529-30, 532, 541 Gaurī, 135, 497, 502, 504, 526, 576-7 Gaurī, six varieties of, 502 Gaurī-Śarva, a name of Śiva, 529 Gautamīputra Vṛsadhvaja, 142 Gayakarṇadeva, the Haihaya King, 570 Ghatiyala pillar, 356 Ghatnagar Revanta, 442-3 Ghosundi Inscription, 10 Girisutā, 576 Gobhila Gṛhyasūtra, 521 Gomedha, a Jaina deity, 563 Gomukha, 562 Gondophares, the Indo-Parthian King, 118-21, 237, 543 Gopāla Bhaṭṭa, 22, 25, 208-9, 218, 220 (n.), 222 (n.), 227 Gopāla Kṛṣṇa, 422 Gopīs, 422 Gova, son of Siha, 378 Govardhana mountain, 422, 522 Great miracle (of Śrāvastī), 6, 375 Gṛhadevī, an epithet of Jarā, 380 Gṛhyasūtras, 12, 57 (n.), 68-9, 90, 110 (n.), 346 Gṛtsamada, a Vedic seer, 52 Guḍimallam liṅga, 113, 118, 169, 176, 182, 304, 455-6, 460-1 Guḍimallam Sūrya image, 440 Guha, a name of Kārttikeya, 324, 338, 362, 365 Guhyakapati, 337 Guhyakas, 218, 337, 362, 442 Guhyaliṅgas, eight in number, 179 Guṇas, six ideal ones, 387 Gurvvāyatanas, 244

c23.20

c23.21

Hagāmāsa, the Mathura Satrap, 111 Hālāhala, a buffalo demon, 166 (n.) Halāhala (a form of Avalokiteśvara), 558 Hamsa, a type of man, 311-2 Hamsa, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 390

c23.22

Hanumāna, the monkey god, 261, 421, 527 Hara, 96, 233, 283, 290, 407, 528, 546 Haradatta, 86 (n.) Hara Pārvatī, 283, 407, 467-8 Harappa, 41, 159, 161-2, 165-7, 169, 173-6, 226, 251, 270, 281, 289, 489 Hari, 5, 197, 222, 233, 314, 392, 394, 415-6, 418, 540, 546 Haribhaktivilāsa, 22, 208, 210 (n.), 218, 220 (n.), 222 (n.), 319 (n.), 568 Haridrā, one of the six aspects of Gaṇapati, 357-8 Hari-Hara, Haryardha, the composite god, 5, 124, 233, 465, 475, 544, 546-7 Hari-Hara-Pitāmaha, a composite god, 233 Harinegamesi, 562 Harivaṃśa, 421, 491, 502 Hāritīstūpa, 381 Hāritī, the Buddhist goddess of smallpox, 339, 380-1, 383, 443, 503, 529 Hari-Hari-Harivāhanodbhava-Lokeśvara, 540 Harpocrates, Taxila bronze statuette of, 261 Harṣa (Śrī-), author of Nāgānanda, 531 Hastas (or Mudrās), different kinds of, 247 Hayagrīva (Saptaśātika), 559 Hayaśīrṣa Pañcarātra, 20-2, 26-7, 208-9, 215, 218-20, 222-3, 226-7, 318-9, 322, 403, 425, 568 Heliodorus, 393 Helios, 139-40, 433 Hellas, 239 Hemādri, 18, 22, 25, 137, 138 (n.), 294, 338-40, 347, 352 (n.), 526, 527 (n.) Hephtalite Huṇa chief, nicolo seal of, 124-5, 136, 287, 402, 544 Hera, 309 Heraclitus, 473 Heraeum (at Olympia), 330 Heramba Gaṇapati, 358, 361 Hercules (Heracles), 9, 77, 89, 120-2, 237, 300 Hermes, 9 (n.), 237, 330, 438 Heruka, 559 Hesychius, 129, 153 Hiraṇyagarbha, 510-11, 577 Hiraṇyakaśipu, 5, 415-6 Hiraṇyakeśin Gṛhyasūtra, 70 (n.), 86 (n.), 491 Hiraṇyakeśin Śrautasūtra, 56 Hiuen-Tsang (his Si-Yu-ki), 9, 83, 89, 119, 135, 148, 196, 381, 431, 494 Hṛṣīkeśa, a sub-Vyūha, 412, 556 Hu-Han-si, the Yakṣiṇī Nandā or Nandinī in the Chinese texts, 380-1 Huṇas, 144 (n.), 542 Huvishka, 8, 101, 106, 121-7, 130-2, 135-6, 140, 144-6, 152-3, 155, 157, 179, 190, 200, 224 (n.), 238, 265, 283, 302-4, 349, 395, 438, 527, 543-4

c23.23

c23.24

Iḷā, 490 Indirā, a name of Lakṣmī, 287 Indo-Greek rulers, 9 Indra, 9, 14, 43-6, 49, 55, 57-9, 60, 62, 64, 65 (n.), 67, 69, 73, 74 (n.), 75, 77, 86, 96, 124 (n.), 146, 148-9, 150 (n.), 176, 207, 233, 238, 277, 283, 301-2, 324-5, 339, 367-8, 371, 385, 407, 461, 485, 504, 512, 520-4, 526, 537, 546, 558, 562 Indradhvaja, 103 (n.), 206 Indrāgnimitra, 570 Indramantras, 567 Indramitra, the Pañcāla chief, 146, 238 Indranīlamaṇi a Gauḍiyan Sculptor, 98 (n.), 242-3 Indrapura, 9, 148 Indrapura, sun temple at, 431 (n.) Indrasālaguha, 523 Indus Valley, 41, 63, 71, 79, 84, 109, 158, 166-7, 169, 171, 173, 175-7, 225, 251-2, 258, 280, 285, 306, 489 Iobares, (Yamunā), 77 Iśa, Iśvara, Parameśvara, 75 Iśāna, an aspect of Śiva, (also a Dikpāla), 69, 75, 86, 87 (n.), 190, 207, 228, 447-8, 460-1, 478, 479 (n.), 485, 520, 522, 529, 573-4 Isapur Yūpa Inscription, 103 (n.) Iṣṭaliṅga, 454 Iśvara, an upāsaka of the eleventh Jina, 562 Iśvaradeva, a name of Śiva, 135 Itarajana, an apellation of the Yakṣas, 337

c23.25

c23.26

Jābāladarśana upaniṣad, 79 Jagadambā or Jaganmātā, 493 Jagannātha, 211 Jāhṇabī, 34 Jaina list of Dikpālas, 522 (n.) Jaitā, son of Maṇḍana, 23 Jalādhāras, 336 Jālandhāra, Jālandharavadhamūrti, 486 Jalaśāyin, an aspect of Viṣṇu, 275 Jāmadyagnya Rāma (same as Paraśurāma), 390 Jāmbavān, 419 Jāmbavatī, 386 Jambhala, 105 (n.), 559-60 Janārdana, 222, 396, 411 Jarā, the Rākṣasī, 380-1, 383, 384 (n.) Jarāsandha, 380 Jaratkāru, the sage, 350 Jaṭilas, 77 Java Gaṇeśa, 360 Jayanta, 69, 86, 87 (n.)

c23.27

Jayagupta, the Pañcāla chief, 146 Jhulanyātrā, and other Vaiṣṇava festivals, 222 Jihmagas, 336 Jina(s), 41, 79, 230, 253, 295, 372, 561-2, 567 Jinapāda, 202 Jīva, 410 Jīvitagupta II, 431 (n.) Jñāna, 19 Jñāna Dakṣiṇāmūrti, 254 (n.), 285 (n.), 465, 470-1 Jupitar, 311 Jyeṣṭhā, her other names, 382-3, 384 (n.) Jyeṣṭhilatīrtha, 88 Jyotirliṅga (of Tiruvanamalai), 463 Jyotiṣī, a class of deities in Jaina texts, 561

c23.28

c23.29

Kabandhas, 325, 336, 368 Kacchapa, 232-3 Kacchapeśvara, 232 Kāda, 138 Kadaphes, 112 Kadru, 151, 346, 530 Kailāsa (mountain abode of Śiva), 471, 535, 553 Kailāsa temple (Ellora), 375, 484 Kairāta, 345 (n.) Kaitabha, a demon, 275, 407, 513, 538 Kakkuka, 356 Kāla a name of Yama (also time), 487-8, 525 Kālaketu, 172, 502 Kālāmukhas, 451 Kālanemighna, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 392 Kālañjara, 183 Kālañjara Bhaṭṭāraka, a name of Śiva, 182-3 Kālapinākagrāma, Nalanda Seal of, 187 Kālarātri, a secondary goddess, 496 Kālārimūrti, 486-7, 559 Kalasa, 202 Kāleśvara, a name of Śiva, 182 Kālī, 274, 372, 491, 504-5 Kālidāsa, 253 (n.), 477, 535 Kālikapurāṇa, 30, 442, 509 Kāliñjaravana, 183 (n.) Kali's wife, a description of Jyeṣṭhā, 383 Kāliya, the Nāga, 102, 346, 408, 422 Kāliyadamana, 258, 346, 422 Kalkin, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 390-2, 393 (n.), 425, 443 Kallaṭa, 453 Kalmāsagrīva, 345, 521 Kalpasūtra, 99, 314, 315 (n.) Kalpavṛkṣa, (so-called) found at Besnagar, 104, 105 (n.), 194 Kalyāṇasundaramūrti, also known as Vaivāhika, Śivavivāha, etc., 302, 367, 485, 519

c23.30

Kāma, Kamadeva, 301, 486, 488, 526 Kāmākhya, Yonipīṭha at, 84 (n.) Kāmāntakamūrti (Kāmadahanamūrti), 486, 488 Kamatheśvara, a name of Kūrmāvatāra, 392 Kāmika, a Śaiva Āgama, 20, 26, 327, 458-9 Kaṇḍuti, a Yakṣa, 339 (n.) Kaṇhagotamaka, a Nāga chief, 346 Kaniṣhka, 8, 38, 94, 112, 121-3, 125, 140, 153, 179, 238, 243 (n.), 304, 349, 438, 527, 543-4 Kaṅkālamūrti, 465-6, 483 Kaṅkaliṭilā Saraswatī, 378, 455 Kaṅkaparvan, 345 (n.) Kanyākumārī, 491, 577 Kapāla, a type of Bhairava, 466 Kapāleśvara, 244, 452 (n.) Kāpālikas, 451, 452 (n.) Kaparddī, an epithet of Śiva, 286 Kapila, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391 Kapileśvara, the name of a Śivaliṅga, 244 Kapiśā, 9, 238 Karālī, one of the seven tongues of Agni, 491 Karamdāṇḍā Śivaliṅga, 457 Kāraṇāgama, 26, 214, 324, 327, 460-1 Karaṇḍavyūha, 556 Karivarada, an aspect of Viṣṇu, 426-7 Karkoṭaka, a Nāga, 347 Kārttikeya, 106, 117, 140-1, 143-6, 154 (n.), 200, 283, 301, 304, 321 (n.), 324, 338, 361-7, 407, 501, 504, 506, 562, 576-7 Kaśia, Nirvāṇa statue at, 242 Kāśikā, a commentary on Pāṇini's Sūtras, 40 Kāśipur Sūrya, 436 Kaśyapa (Kāśyapa), a sage, 17, 205 (n.), 516, 530 Kaśyapa, a disciple of Buddha, 302 Kāśyapīya, a Śilpaśāstra, 17, 325 Kaṭaṅkaṭa, 354 Kaṭhaka (Katha) Upaniṣad, 39, 74 Kaṭisama, a dance mode, 465, 473 Katra Buddha, 257, 282, 286 Kātyāyanī, 10, 491, 577 Kauberī, a Mātṛkā, 504 Kaumārī, a Mātṛkā, 504-6 Kauṇḍinya, 451 Kauruṣya, one of the four disciples of Lakulīśa, 451, 481 Kauśāmbī, 225 Kausāmbī, coins of, 110 Kauśikī, a name of Durgā, 491 Kausītaki Brāhmaṇa, 447-8 Kausītaki Upaniṣad, 67 Kauṭilya, 86-7 Kāveripakkam plaque, 376 Kāyārohaṇa (Kārvān), 450 Kena Upaniṣad, 491 Keśava, 338, 411, 423, 576-7 Keśin, the horse demon, 102 Ketu, 429, 441, 443-5

c23.31

Kevalamūrti (of Śiva), 466, 486-7 Kevala Narasiṁha, 417 Khaḍga (personified), 538 Khagas, 336 Khair Khaneh Sūrya image, 435 Khajurahu, 464 (n.) Khajuraho Viṣṇu, 261, 406 Khaṇḍagiri, Jaina caves at, 281 Khed Brahmā and other Brahmā temples, 514-5 Khemakhi, 35 Khiching Sūrya reliefs, 439-40 Kimpuruṣas, 336 Kinnaras, 101, 163, 325, 336, 351-3 Kinnara Jātaka, 353 Kinnarīs, 352 Kiraṇa, a Śaiva Āgama, 20 Ki-sh-mo-jin, Avalokiteśvara in the form of an ogress in Japan, 381 Kleisobora (Kṛṣṇapura), 77 Kokā goddesses (in Bharhut), 369 Kriyā, 19 Kriyāpāda, 20 Kriyāsamuccaya, 328 Krodha, a type of Bhairava, 466 Kroḍātman, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391 Kṛṣṇa, 21, 37, 73, 76, 77 (n.), 89 (n.), 93 (n.), 111, 129, 131, 133, 175, 222, 234, 258, 265, 277, 287-9, 301, 303, 306, 338, 346-7, 355, 380, 386, 390-2, 408, 420-4, 426, 456 (n.), 502-3, 522, 532, 541 Kṛṣṇa Janmāṣṭamī relief, 421 Kṛṣṇananda Āgamavāgīśa, 22, 32 Kṛṣṇa-Vāsudeva, 93 (n.), 380 Kṛṣṇayana reliefs, 421-2 Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda, 521 Kṛttivāsa, the author of Bengali Rāmāyaṇa, 492 (n.) Kṣetrapati (Kṣetrapāla), 69, 561 Kṣitiliṅga (of Śiva Kanchi), 463 Kṣudhā, a secondary goddess, 496 Kṣudrakokā, 369 Kubera, 85-6, 98 (n.), 100-1, 103, 105, 175 (n.), 179, 194-5, 200, 252, 286, 324, 337-9, 342, 344, 362, 369, 372, 381, 393, 520, 522, 528, 559-60, 575 Kubera, the Yakṣa of the Jina Mallinātha, 562 Kubjikāmata, a Tāntric text, 22 Kubuddhi, a consort of Gaṇeśa, 358 Kukargram Nāga relief, 349 (n.) Kulika, a Nāga, 347 Kumāra, a name of Kārttikeya, 141, 143-6, 154, 200, 265, 321 (n.), 362, 364-5, 576-7 Kumāragupta I, 106, 110 (n.), 140, 143-4, 199, 363, 366, 431 (n.), 457, 468, 503, 532 Kumārasambhava, 253 (n.), 261, 471, 535 Kumāratantra, 365 Kumāra, the Yakṣa of the Jina Vāsupūjya, 562 Kumārpur Sūrya relief, 435 Kumbha, Mahārāṇā of Mewar, 23, 25

c23.32

Kumbhāṇḍas, 163, 325, 336, 368, 521 Kuṇḍalas, different types of, 288 ff. Kuṇḍalinī Śakti, 493-4 Kuṇḍi, a name of Piṅgala, 435, 437, 440 (n.), 525 Kunika, 98, 242-3 Kuniṇḍas, 118-9, 122, 134, 142, 157, 197, 257 Kūrma, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 389-91, 413 Kūrmāsana, a Yogic āsana, 41 Kurukṣetra, 300, 344 Kuś ka, one of the disciples of Lakulīśa, 451, 481 Kuṣmāṇḍā (also Kuṣmāṇḍinī) a name of Ambikā, 563 Kuṣmāṇḍarājaputra, 354 Kuṣmāṇḍas, 325 Kwan-non, Koyasu, a saintly female form of Avalokiteśvara in Japan, 381 Kwan-yin, Avalokiteśvara in female form in China, 381

c23.33

c23.34

Lakṣaṇā, a name of Durgā, 498 Lakṣmaṇa, 261, 291, 421 Lakṣmī, 105, 110-2, 129, 133-5, 141, 150, 155-6, 168 (n.), 191, 193-7, 239, 257, 287, 358, 368-77, 384, 387, 404-5, 407, 415, 485, 490 (n.), 532-3, 545-6, 561 Lakṣmī-Gaṇeśa, 358, 361 Lakṣmī-Narasiṁha, 417 Lakulīśa, 6, 244, 271, 450-2, 465-6, 480-1 Lakuṭapāṇīśa, a name of Lakulīśa, 481 Lala Bhagat pillar, 105-6, 141, 363, 433 Lalāṭatilaka, a dance mode, 465 Lalita, a dance mode, 465 Lalitāsahasranāma, 495 Lampaṭā, 35 Laṅkā, 484 Laukika, one of the two kinds of divinities, 337-8, 362, 522, 578 Lauriya Nandangarh, gold plaque found at, 61 Layaba, the Yakṣiṇī, 98, 242 Leochares, the Hellenistic Sculptor, 531 (n.) Lepsius, 329 Liṅgam, 205, 208, 227 Liṅgapurāṇa, 382, 536 Liṅgodbhavamūrti, 231, 463, 513 (n.), 514 Liṅgāyat, 394 (n.), 454 Lokanātha, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 392 Lokapāla, 90, 324, 519-21, 558 Lokeśvara, the Bodhisattva, 547-8, 556-8 Lokeśvara-Viṣṇu, 412, 555 Lysius, an Indo-Greek King, 150 (n.) Lysippus, the Hellenistic sculptor, 241, 309, 331

c23.35

c23.36

Macakruka, 344 Mādhavācārya, 451 Madhu, a demon, 275, 407, 513, 538 Madhusūdana, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391 Madhyamakokā, a Devatā, 369 Madhyamikā, 395 Madirā, a goddess, 86, 87 (n.) Magas, 230, 431, 513, 567 Maghavan, 13 (n.) Magi, the Iranian priest, 198, 431 Mahā, one of the six aspects of Gaṇapati, 357-8 Mahābhārata, 13, 14 (n.), 37 (n.), 79, 83 (n.), 88, 103 (n.), 106, 135, 143, 146, 163, 183, 234, 276, 314-5, 338, 344-5, 351, 355-6, 372, 380, 390, 392, 409, 421, 424 (n.), 430, 446, 450, 456 (n.), 462, 477, 491-2, 495, 502, 520, 524, 527, 530, 534 Mahābhāṣya, 40, 44, 65 (n.), 76 (n.), 86, 337, 351 (n.), 388 (n.), 423, 449 Mahābhinikramaṇa, 402, 409 Mahādeva, 446-8, 456 (n.), 460, 476, 512, 573-4, 577 Mahādurgā, 577 Mahākāla (Kāla), name of Śiva, 187 Mahākālī, 186, 496 Mahākapi Jātaka, at Bharhut, 250 Mahākokā, a Devatā, 100, 369 Mahālakṣmī, the 'primary goddess', 373, 496 Mahāmārī, a secondary goddess, 496 Mahāmāyā, 493, 495-6, 509 Mahāmāyūrī, 9, 83 (n.), 98, 134, 143, 146, 148, 450 Mahāparinirvāṇa, 4, 275-6 Mahāparinirvāṇamūrti, 275 Mahāpārisadas, animal-faced gaṇas of Rudra-śiva, 356 Mahāpuruṣa (lakṣaṇas), 311 (n.), 314 Mahārājas, 77, 85, 90, 521-2, 558 Mahāsadāśivamūrti, 228, 465, 478 (n.), 479 (n.) Mahāsarasvatī, 496 Mahāsarasvatī, her various names such as Bhāratī, Vāk, etc., 496 Mahāsena, a name of Kārttikeya, 8, 103, 106, 143-6, 265, 362-3, 577 Mahāśvetā, one of the consorts of Sūrya, 436, 439 Mahāvalli, consort of Kārttikeya, 367 Mahāvastu, 380 Mahāvidyā, 496, 560 (n.) Mahāvīra, 10, 76, 314, 372 Mahāviśvakarmā, an epithet of Brahmā, 14 Mahāvratadharas, a designation of the Kāpālikas, 452 (n.) Mahāyāna, 221 (n.), 262 Mahendra, the guardian of the north-east, 521-2 Maheśamūrti, 465, 476, 479 (n.) Maheśvara, Maheśvara Deva, 83, 172, 182, 446-7 Māheśvara, another name of the Pāśupata sect, 116, 543 Māheśvarī, one of the Mātṛkās, 34, 186, 239, 251, 261, 281, 505-6 Mahīpāla, the Pāla king, 503 (n.) Mahiṣāsura, 493, 499 Mahiṣamardinī (Mahiṣāsura-mardini), 35, 166, 172, 497, 500, 545 Mahoragas, 336 Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā (of the Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda), 575-7 Maitreya, 99, 272, 288, 467 Makara, 265, 354, 374 Makuṭāgama, 458-9 Mālatīmādhava, 452 (n.) Mālavya, a man type, 311-2, 328-9 Mallinātha, the 19th Jina, 562 Mānabodha, 14 Manas, 410 Manasā, 98, 242, 346, 350, 563 Mānasollāsa, a part of Abhilāṣitārthacintāmaṇi, 18, 215, 226, 227 (n.) Mānasāra, 14-8, 206-7, 214, 228, 282-3, 286-7, 351-2, 458 (n.) Mānavagṛhyasūtra, 354 Māṇḍalikas, subordinate rulers, 287 Maṇḍana, the son of Śrīkṣetra, 23, 25, 31 Māndhātā, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391, 427 Mandor Kṛṣṇāyaṇa reliefs, 421-2 Maṅgala (Mars), 429, 443 Maṅgalakāvya(s), 172 Maṇibhadra, a Yakṣa, 76-7, 97-100, 339 (n.), 340-1 Maṇigrīva, 175 (n.) Māṇikyavāsahar, a South Indian Śaiva Saint, 454 Maṇimālā Caitya, a Yakṣa shrine, in Magadha, 97, Maṇimān, a Yakṣa, 339 (n.) Maṇimat, a Nāga, 345 Maṇināga, his shrine at Rājagṛha, 143 (n.) Mañjuśrī, 212, 216, 271 (n.), 558-9 Mañjuśrī, his Arapacana form, 426 Mañjuvara, 271 (n.) Mankuwar Buddha, 257 Manmatha, 301 Manojavā, one of the seven tongues of Agni, 491 Manonmānī, 286 Mantras, 44, 47, 53, 55, 78 (n.) Mantreśvaras, 479, 480 (n.) Manu, 6, 14, 18, 87 Manu Raivata, 15 (n.) Mānuṣaliṅgas, 460-1

c23.37

Manusamhitā (Manusmṛti), 86-8, 217, 276, 511, 520, 541 Manus, two sons of Sūrya, 437, 442 Manusyaprakṛtidevas, 94 Mao, the Iranian Moon god, 438 (n.) Māra, 238 (n.), 262, 280, 301, 353 Mārīcī, a Vaiśayāna goddess, 259, 561 Mārīcīmālī, an epithet of Sūrya, 561 Mārkaṇḍeya, the sage, 21, 324, 382, 486-7, 573 Markaṇḍeyapurāṇa, 15 (n.), 105, 195, 340, 373, 374 (n.), 442, 490, 492-3, 496-8, 504, 509, 513, 551 Markaṭahrada (at Vaiśālī), 196 Mars, 311 Mārtaṇḍa (Mārtaṇḍa), an aspect of the Sun god, 428, 550 Mārtaṇḍa Bhairava, 549 Mārtaṇḍa temple (Kashmir), 409 Marutgaṇas (Maruts), 355, 370 Mataṅgāśrama, 88 Mātariśvā, a Vedic god, 541 Mātṛceṭa, 431 (n.) Mātṛgaṇas, Mātṛkās, 230, 482, 497, 503-6, 567 Matsya, Viṣṇu's Avatāra, 389-91, 413 Matsyapurāṇa, 14, 16, 22-3, 28, 30-1, 33, 117, 138 (n.), 179, 183 (n.), 206, 208, 210, 217, 220-1, 223, 273 (n.), 280, 312, 315, 391, 416-7, 421, 427, 513 (n.), 536, 568 Mattamāyūra, (-ka), a Śaiva clan, 35 (n.), 143 Maues, 9, 110 (n.), 112, 119 (n.), 120-1, 136, 148-9, 150 (n.), 154, 158, 190, 237-8, 265, 267, 345, 402, 537, 543 Maya, 14, 17, 241, 347 Mayamata, 19, 23 Māyāmoha, a name of Viṣṇu's Buddha Avatāra, 424-5 Mayasaṃgraha, 338, 347-8, 351-2 Māyā, the mother of Buddha, 193, 375 (n.) Māyā, the Vedāntins' concept of, 493 Māyin, a name of Śiva, 446 Mayūrabhaṭṭa, 430 Mayūrākṣaka, 494 (n.) Megasthenes, 77, 89 (n.) Menander, the Indo-Greek King, 343, 569 Mercury, 311 Meruvarman, King of Chamba, 498 Methora, 77 Miḍhūṣī, a name of Durgā, 69, 86, 87 (n.) Mihira, the Iranian Sun god, 124-5, 139-40, 343, 438, 544 Mihirakula, the Huṇa king, 113 Mīnākṣī, consort of Śiva, 367 Miśrakeśī an Apsarā, 353 Mithra, a name of Mihira, 108 (n.), 438, 544 Mithraism, 438 Mitra, one of the Ādityas, 69, 75, 176 Mitra, one of the four disciples of Lakulīśa, 371, 428, 451, 481

c23.38

Mlecchas, 425 Moggarapāṇi, a Yakṣa, 211 Mohenjo-daro, 41, 159-62, 164-7, 169, 171 (n.), 173-6, 226, 251-2, 253 (n.), 270, 281, 289, 292 Mohinī, an incarnation of Viṣṇu, 391, 546 Moika, the Urumuja scion, 128 Mokal, Rāṇā of Mewar, 23 Mother goddess, 167, 172, 177, 446, 489, 501 Mṛcchakaṭika, 363 Mṛdha, a name of Śiva, 449 (n.) Mṛga, 207 Mucalinda, the Nāgarāja, 346 Mudrās or hastas, 247 ff. Mugaḍi and other names of Jyeṣṭhā in the old Tamil Nighaṇṭus, 383 Mukhaliṅgas, 460-1 Mukuṭas, various kinds of, 286 ff. Mukhya, 207 Mūlādhāra, the lowest ‘cakra’ in the body, 493 Muṇḍa, a Daitya, 505 Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad, 491, 511 Munisuvrata, the 20th Jina, 562 Muñjavaṭa, 338 Muradeva, 64-5, 71 Mūrttisthānas, 7 different kinds of, 212 Murugan, Tamil name of Kārttikeya, 364, 470 Mūyalaka, the Apsmārapuruṣa, 258, 274, 279, 472

c23.39

c23.40

Nādanta, Śiva's dance, 465, 472 Nāgadeva, 338, 349 Nāgānanda, a drama by Śrī Harṣa, 531 Nāgapañcamī, 346 Nāgarāja, 345, 348 Nāgas, 4, 6, 77, 85, 94 (n.), 99-101, 103, 147-8, 151, 161, 176, 205, 252, 257, 325, 336, 338, 344-51, 354, 356, 375, 395 (n.), 408, 420, 422, 475, 521, 529-31, 556 Nāgasiri, son of Vāseṭhi, 464 (n.) Nāga symbol, 190 Nāgatīrtha, 344 Nāginīs, 344, 346-50, 378, 395 (n.), 531 Nagnajiccitalakṣaṇam, 17 Nagnajit, 14, 16-7, 28-9, 221 (n.), 326-7 Nagnaṣapanakas, 425 Nagnaśavarī, a name of Durgā, 492 Nagnavratam, 17 Nahapāna, 515 Naigameya (Naigameṣa), 146, 363, 367, 562 Nāka, pupil of Kunika, 98, 242-3 Nala, 14 Nalakubera, 175 (n.), 372 Nalanda Seals, 177, 188 ff., 225-6 Nambudiri chanters of hymns in Kerala, 249 Namuci, a Daitya, 419

c23.41

Nana (Nanaia), 126, 135-6, 544 Nanda, a name of Viṣṇu, 191 Nanda, the foster father of Kṛṣṇa, 421-2, 502 Nanda, the name of a Nāga King, 375 Nandana, a Yakṣa, 539 (n.) Nandas, Nava (nine) kings of Magadha, 321 (n.) Nandeśvarī, a name of Durgā, 191 Nandikeśvara, the traditional author of the Abhinayadarpaṇa, 278 Nandin, Śiva's Bull mount, also a name of Śiva, 153, 159 (n.), 180, 182, 252, 261, 280, 468-9, 472, 474-5, 514, 534-6, 553-4, 562, 577 Nandīśvara, 88, 534 Nandivaktra, 573-4 Nandivardhana, the Śaiśunāga King, 97 Nara, 79, 254-5, 262, 276, 285 (n.), 291, 391-2, 426, 470 Nārada, 175 (n.), 363, 391, 392 (n.) Nārada Pañcarātra (Bhāradvāja Saṃhitā Pāriśiṣṭa, 88, 318-9, 322 (n.), 394-5 Nārās, 276 Narasimha (Nṛsiṃha), 5, 192, 197, 202, 231, 275, 324, 390-2, 409, 412, 415-7, 486, 488, 545, 577 Narasimhhadeva, a Kalacuri king, 35, 570 Nārasimhī, a Mātṛkā, 504, 508 Nārāyaṇavāṭikā, 90-1 Nārāyaṇa Viṣṇu, 11, 51, 79, 189, 222, 235, 254, 275-6, 285 (n.), 286, 291, 305, 386, 389, 391-3, 400, 406-7, 411, 426, 470, 511, 519, 533, 548, 558, 576-7 Narendravinata, 265, 270 (n.) Naṭanasabhā (or Sabhā), 472 Naṭarāja (Śiva), 258, 275, 279, 281, 302, 465, 470, 472-3, 475 Nāṭyaśāstras, 248, 277-8, 280, 472 (n.), 474 Navadurgās, 490 (n.), 500 Navagrahacakra, 445 Navagrahas, 324, 429, 441, 443-4, 516, 561 Navanitā, an aspect of Gaṇapati, 357 Navapatrikā, 490 Nāyaṇārs (Nāyaṇmārs), Śivabhaktas of South India, 26, 80, 302, 314, 319 (n.), 454 Neminātha, the twenty-second Jina, 563 Niddeśa, 76, 98 Nidhipati, a name of Kubera, 337, 575 Nidrā (Yoganidrā), a secondary goddess, 496 Nike, 9, 149, 309 Nikṣubhā, one of the consorts of Sūrya, 436-7, 439 Nīlakaṇṭha, a form of Avalokiteśvara, 558 Nīlakaṇṭha, a name of Śiva, 315 Nirgranthas, 77 Nirṛti, 76, 485, 520, 526, 529

c23.42

Niruktatantra, 271 Niska, a neck ornament, 289 Niśumbha, a Daitya, 504 Niyāmatpur Sūrya relief, 435 Nṛtya Gaṇapati, 258, 358, 361, 367 Nṛtyamūrtis (of Brahmanical gods), 277 Nṛtyamūrtis of Śiva, 367, 464, 472, 474 Nṛvarāha, 414-5 Nyagrodhaparimaṇḍalā, a type of female figure, 373-4 Nyagrodhaśāyin, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 392

c23.43

c23.44

Old Attic and other schools of Greek Sculptors, 240, 308 Olympia, 330

c23.45

c23.46

Paḍigam, 454 Padma, a Nāga, 347 Pādma, a Yakṣa, 339 (n.) Padmā (Padmāvatī, a name of Manasā, 563 Padmanartteśvara, a form of Avalokiteśvara, 558 Padmanābha, a name or incarnation of Viṣṇu, 118 (n.), 142, 391, 407 Padmanidhi, 105, 528 Padmapāṇi, an epithet of Avalokiteśvara, 547, 558 Padmapurāṇa, 20, 23, 411-2, 403, 557 Padmapuruṣa, 403, 557 Pādmatantra, a Pāñcarātra text, 19 Padmāvatī, the Apsarā, 353 Padmāvatī, the Śāsanadevatā of Pārśvanātha, 563 Padmayoni, a name of Brahmā, 407 Padminīvidyā, 105, 195, 374 (n.) Pahlavas, 542-3 Paippalāda, (version of Atharvaveda), 337 Pallas Athene, 9, 371 Pañcabrahmās (Īśānādayaḥ), forms of Śiva, 235, 479 (n.) Pañcajana, 300 Pāñcaka, a Yakṣa, 339 (n.) Pañcākṣara mantra, 453 Pañcamukha liṅga, 461 Pāñcarātra (Bhāgavata), 19, 76, 80, 94, 104, 230 (n.), 231, 236, 306, 388-90, 393-6, 567, 571 Pāñcarātra saṃhitās, 20, 25-7, 132, 239, 391-2, 397, 409, 412-3, 450, 452, 568 Pāñcarātrins, 131, 387, 393-4, 407 Pañcārthavidyā, a work of Lakulīśa, 451 Pañcavīras (of the Vṛṣṇis), 93, 95, 386, 413

c23.47

Pañcopāsanā, Pañcāyatana (Pañcāyatana pūjā, Pañcadevatā pūjā), 6, 140, 153, 230, 515, 541-2, 544 Pañcika, 339, 381, 529 Pāṇḍavas, 93 (n.), 380, 462 Pāṇini, 37, 39-40, 74, 76, 85, 337-8, 351, 448-9 Pantaleon, the Indo-Greek King, 111 Paramādityabhaktas, 431 Paramasaugatas, 10, 243 Parameśvara, a name of Śiva, 509 Pāramitā rules, 230 (n.) Parāntaka Chola I, 522 Parāśara, 311 (n.), 315 Pāraśkarā Gṛhyasūtra, 69, 70 (n.) Paraśurāma, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 389, 392, 419-20 Para Vāsudeva, 132, 386, 396, 403, 419 Parendi, Avestan form of Purandhi, 370 Pārijātahara, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 392 Pāriṣadas of Śiva, 362 Pāriṣadas of Skanda, 356-7 Parivrājakas, 77 Pāriyās (Pañcamas), 483 (n.) Parkham Yakṣa, 37, 97, 242 (n.), 291, 293, 340 Parṇaśavarī, the Vajrayāna goddess, 275, 492 Pārśvadas, companions of Vāsudeva-Viṣṇu, 389, 420 Pārśvadevatā, 235, 294, 364, 366, 407, 426, 514-5 Pārśvanātha, 254, 563 Pārvatī, 96, 134 (n.), 154, 172, 224, 255 (n.), 257, 283, 294, 302-4, 355, 364, 367, 407, 467-9, 474-5, 483, 485, 488, 501-2, 509, 545-6, 553 Paśu, Pāśa and Pati, three categories in Śaiva systems, 452-3 Paśupāśavimokṣaṇa, a Pāśupata rite, 451 Pāśupatas, 128, 230-1, 244, 272, 450-2, 454, 465, 480 (n.), 513, 536, 567 Pāśupata Sūtras, 230 (n.), 451 Paśupata vrata, 451 Paśupati, 159, 167, 176, 253, 285, 289, 292, 446, 448, 451 Pātālaśayana, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 392 Patañjali, 40, 76, 85, 337-8, 341, 351, 362, 395, 423, 449-50, 522, 578 Patna statues, 37, 97, 99, 340 Pausanias, 242 Pergamene School of Greek Sculptors, 309 Phalguni (Pūrva and Uttara), 137 Phalgunimitra, the Pañcāla Chief, 137 Phidias, 241 Philoxenus, the Indo-Greek King, 140, 438 Pi-lo-sho-lo, 148 Pinākī, a name of Śiva, 187 Piṇḍikā, ten different kinds of, 219 Piṅgala, an attendant of Sūrya, 435-6, 439-40, 525 Piprahwa vase, 61

c23.48

Piśācas, 536, 538 Pitāmaha, a name of Brahmā, 512 Pitaras, the guardians of the Southwestern quarter, 521 Pīṭhas (Pīṭhasthānas), 83 Pitṛgaṇas (manes), 336 Pīyūṣaharaṇa, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 392 Plato, the Bactrian Greek King, 140 Pliny, 309 Polyclitus, a Greek Sculptor, 240-1, 309, 330-1 Polynesian, 248 Porus, 89 Poseidon, 119, 121, 269 Poseidon Hippias, 9 (n.) Prabandhas, 26 Prabhākara, a name of Sun god, 576-7 Prabhākaravardhana, the Puṣyabhūti ruler of Thaneswar, 431 Pradyumna, 94, 103-4, 131, 301, 386-7, 388 (n.), 408-9, 526, 572 Prahlāda, 415-8 Prajāpati, 13 (n.), 46, 61, 75, 276-7, 305, 316, 371, 387, 389, 413, 510-3, 550, 562 Prajñā, 67 Prakṛti, 493, 572-3 Pralaya Varāha, 415 Pramathas, 161, 163, 336, 357 Pramoda, 409 Prasenajit pillar (Bharhut railing), 348 Pratardana, 74 (n.) Prātilomas, 453 Pratimālakṣaṇam, 315 (n.), 325, 328 Pratimālakṣaṇam by Nagnajit, 16-7, 29, 326-7 Pratimāmānalakṣaṇam, 311, 317, 333, 571 Pratimāśūla, 210 Pratyabhijñā School (of Śaivism), 453 Pratyālīḍha, a standing pose, 266-7 Pratyuṣa, 265, 432, 436, 439, 441 Praxiteles, 330 Pṛdāku, a Nāga, 345, 521 Proto-Sarasvatī, (at Bharhut), 377-8 Pṛṣṇa, a Nāga, 345 (n.) Pṛthivī, 49, 61, 96, 414-5, 490, 560 Pṛthu, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391, 427 Ptolemy, his reference to Maga Brahmans, 441 (n.) Pūjābhāga, the topmost section of a Śivaliṅga, 458, 460-1 Pūjā, its constituent acts, 78 Pūjāśilāprākāra, 10 Pulindas, 492 Puḷumāyī, 192 Punarādheya, a Vedic rite, 60 Puṇḍarīkākṣa, a name of Viṣṇu, 222 Puṇḍarīkatīrtha, 88 Puṇḍravardhana, 225 Puṇyajanas, 337, 445 Purāṇas, 13, 20-3, 25, 27, 57, 138, 163, 213, 232, 355, 372, 397, 411, 418, 421, 429-31, 447, 450, 455, 465, 480, 492-3, 510, 513, 568

c23.49

Purāṇic lore, five topics of 24 Purandhi, a Vedic goddess, 370, 490 Purika-grāma-janapada, 187 Pūrṇabhadra, a Yakṣa, 76-7, 98 Pūrṇavarmā, 569-70 Purnea hoard (of Punch-marked coins), 257, 265, 267 Puruṣa, 316, 391, 493, 509, 572 Puruṣadatta, 111 Puruṣa-Mahādeva, 576 Puruṣa Nārāyaṇa, 511 Puruṣasūkta, (R.V. X. 90), 316 Pūrvakāraṇāgama, 31, 365, 377, 383, 527-8 Puṣan, 97, 371, 428, 441 Puṣkalāvatī, 111, 119, 257 Puṣṭi, 30, 368-9, 377, 398, 403-4, 419, 554 Puṣyamitras, 144 (n.)

c23.50

c23.51

Quintus Curtius, 89

c23.52

c23.53

Rādhā, 422 Rādhikā, 289 Raghunandana, the Smārta writer of Bengal, 442 (n.) Raghuvamśa, 103 (n.), 413 (n.), 477 Rāhu, 298 (n.), 419, 429, 433, 441, 443-5 Rājagṛha, 211, 338, 381 Rājanya Janapada, Coins of, 111 Ra’atanābhi, son of Kubera, 337 Rajghat Seals, 177, 188, 193, 198, 200 Rājñī, one of the consorts of Sūrya, 436-7, 439 Rajuvula, the Śaka Satrap, 96, 110-1 Rājyavardhana, 431 Rākā, the goddess of full moon, 371 Rākṣasas, 62-4, 71, 205, 207, 325, 336, 526 Rāma (Balarāma), 338 Rāma Dāśarathi (Rāghava Rāma, Rāma Dhanurdhara), 37, 232, 261, 291, 319-20, 324, 336, 390-2, 413 (n.), 419-21, 492 (n.) Rāmaka, a Yakṣa, 339 (n.) Rāmapūrvatāpanīya Upaniṣad, 79 Rāmāyaṇa, 37 (n.), 125, 351, 368, 421, 492, 520, 527, 535 (n.) Rāmāyaṇa scenes (in relief), 421 (n.) Rambhā, a variety of Gaurī, 502 Rāmeśvara cave temple (Ellora), 255 Ram Raz, 17 Raṅganātha (Raṅgasvāmī), a name of Viṣṇu, 235, 275, 406 Ranoḍ (Gwalior State) Inscription, 35 (n.) Rao, T. A. G., 81, 82-4, 107, 213, 228, 232-3, 239-41, 246, 252-6, 258-61, 270-4, 280, 286 (n.), 287, 315, 317, 320 (n.), 321 (n.), 322 (n.), 325-6, 328 (n.), 332 (n.), 338, 339 (n.), 348 (n.), 355, 357-8, 361, 365, 367, 373, 383, 384 (n.), 397-9, 401, 411 (n.), 415-7, 419, 440-2, 455, 457, 460 (n.), 463, 466, 470-3, 476, 478, 483-4, 497-8, 516, 518, 522, 524-6, 528, 534, 536, 552, 553 (n.), 554 Raphael, 308 Rasacitra (same as Alponā), 223 Rati, wife of Kāma, 488, 526 Rātri, 490 Rātrisūkta, 493 Raudra Pāśupata, 465, 482 Rauurī, a Māṭrkā, 504 Rāvaṇa, 492 (n.) Rāvaṇānugrahamūrti, 484 Ṛddhi, prosperity personified, 339, 529 Revanta, son of Sūrya, 424, 437, 442 Ṛgveda, 11, 39, 42-6, 48, 52-3, 55-6, 58, 62, 64-5, 67, 71-3, 98 (n.), 163, 217, 234-5, 276, 289, 310, 370-2, 377, 385, 429-30, 490-1, 493, 510, 513 (n.), 530, 540, 572, 575 Rhaucus, Cretan city, 9 (n.) Ridhali, 35 Rohitaka, the country of the Yaudheyas, 143, 146 Ṛṣabha, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391 Ṛṣabha, (Ṛṣabhanātha), the first Jina, 235, 562 Ṛṣyaśṛṅga, 260, 261 (n.), 265 Rucaka, a type of man, 311, 312 (n.) Rudra, 44-5, 51-2, 75-6, 86 (n.), 115, 126-8, 231, 233-4, 286, 289, 305, 320 (n.), 355-6, 363, 368, 395, 429, 447-9, 487, 496, 535, 575-7 Rudra, an aspect of Sūrya, 428 Rudra, his different names in the Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad, 75 Rudrabhāga (same as Pūjābhāga), 458-61 Rudradāsa, an Audumbara chief, 118 Rudragupta, the Pañcāla chief, 114-5 Rudrakāṇḍa, the name of a section of a pillar, 458 (n.) Rudrakṣetra, (near Avanti), 166 (n.) Rudramantra, 382 Rudrarakṣita, 180 Rudrasena 1, the Vākāṭaka King, 143 (n.) Rudra-Śiva, 51, 64, 76, 115, 127-8, 231, 286, 363, 448, 451-2, 476, 495 (n.) Rudrayāmala, 22 Rukkhacetiyas, 4 Rukmiṇī, 386, 422 Rūpamaṇḍana, 23, 31, 32 (n.), 358, 361, 377, 388 (n.), 401, 410-2, 417, 426, 460-1, 516, 527-8, 558, 574 Ruru, a type of Bhairava, 466

c23.54

c23.55

Sabdakalpadruma, 228, 271, 373 (n.) Sādākhyas, five in number, 478-9 Sadāśiva, 552 (n.), 574 Sadāśivamūrti (of Śiva), 465

c23.56

Śadāśivatattvas (Śiva-Sādākhyas), 478, 479 (n.) Sādhanamālā, 24-5, 558 Sādhyas, 336, 338, 367 Ṣaḍviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, 68 Sadyojāta, an aspect of Śiva, 228, 478, 479 (n.), 480 (n.) Sadyojāta and other four aspects of Śiva, 460, 573 Sahasraliṅgas, 459-60 Sahasrāra, 494 Śaiśunāga royal statues(?), 37, 97 Sa'ta, son of Maṇḍana, 23 Śaiva Āgamas, 25-6, 239, 452, 457, 464-6, 479 (n.), 480 Śaiva(s), 5 (n.), 6, 19-20, 83, 140, 152, 180, 182-3, 185, 188-9, 233, 236, 243, 265, 339, 394-5, 452-5, 464-6, 477-9, 481, 484-5, 488, 500 (n.), 513, 519, 544-6, 555, 559 Śaivasamayaneri, 274 Śaivasiddhāntins, 479 (n.) Śaka(s), 94, 265, 542-3 Sakalādhikāra, 17 Śākambharī, one of the names of Durgā, 490 Sākapuni, an early Vedic commentator, 385 Śakra, 101, 287, 433 (n.), 441, 523, 558 Śākta (Śāktism, Śakti worship), 6, 83, 133, 140, 166, 171-2, 187, 197, 265, 373, 465, 469, 481, 491-5, 500, 560 (n.) Śākta Tantras, 25, 27, 239 Śakti, 230, 274, 355, 370, 377, 393, 395, 477, 489 ff., 552, 567 Śaktis (five, of Śiva), 236, 479 (n.) Śakti-Gaṇapati, 358, 361 Śaktipīṭhas, 494-5, 508 Śaktyātman, an Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 391 Śakunas, 207 Śākyamuni (Gotama), 76 Śākyas, 230, 274 Śāla, 354 Śālagrāma(s), 82-3, 88, 91, 394, 458 Salene, Greek moon goddess, 438 (n.) Samaññaphalasutta (-ānta), 253 Samarāṅgaṇa Sūtradhara, 19, 209 Sāmaveda, 66, 68, 572 Sāmavidhāna Brāhmaṇa, 521 (n.) Sāmba, 94, 104, 206, 301, 386, 430-1, 434 (n.) Śāmbāditya, 431 Sāmbapurāṇa, 430 Śambhu (Śaṃkara), a name of Śiva, 230, 448, 513 Śambhudeva, 453 Saṃhāra (a type of Bhairava), 466 Saṃhāramūrtis (of Śiva), 234 Samiddheśvara Śiva, 34 Saṃjñā, one of the consorts of Sūrya, 429, 442, 548 Saṃkarācārya, 39, 74, 253 (n.), 356 (n.), 357, 495 Saṃkaradatta, seal found at Bhita, 190 Saṃkaradigvijaya Kāvya, 354 (n.)

c23.57

Samkarṣaṇa, 10, 91, 94, 103-4, 131, 300, 302, 306, 347, 386-7, 388 (n.), 393, 408-9, 412, 423, 424 (n.), 572 Samkarṣaṇa-Vāsudeva, 91 Samudragupta, 10, 110 (n.), 116, 132, 265, 303 Samyak-Sambuddhabhāṣita-Pratimālakṣaṇam, 332 Samyukta hastas, 278 Samyukta Nikāya, 343, 433 (n.) Śani (Saturn), 311, 429, 441, 443-4 Sūtrapiṭaka), 380 Sanaka, 418 Sanatkumāra, 363, 392 (n.), 419 Sanatkumāra Vāstuśastra, 18 Ṣaṇḍinī, 35 Sani (Saturn), 311, 429, 441, 443-4 Sañjaya, 300 Śaṅkha, a Yakṣa, 339 (n.) Śaṅkha (and Padma) nidhi, 105, 179-80, 341-2, 344, 369, 528 Śaṅkhapāla, a Nāga, 347 Śaṅkhapuruṣa, 403, 538 Sāṅkhya and other four systems, 450 Sāṅkhyāyana Brāhmaṇa, 447 Sāṅkhyāyana Gṛhyasūtra, 491 Sāṅkhya and Yoga systems of philosophy, 453, 493 Ṣaṇmukha, the Upāsaka of the thirteenth Jina, 562 Ṣaṇmukha (Kārttikeya), 364-5, 577 Santāna, one of the six aspects of Gaṇapati, 357 Śāntmātman, a name of Buddha Avatāra of Viṣṇu, 289, 392 Śāntinātha, the sixteenth Jina, 562 Saptamātṛkā, 185-6, 231, 274, 364, 482, 491, 505, 563 Saptaratnas, 108 (n.) Saptarṣis, 14 (n.), 324 Śarabha, Śarabhamūrti (of Śiva), 5, 231, 275, 486, 488 Śaradātilaka Tantra, 22, 361 (n.), 550-1 Sārana, 93 Saranath Buddha, 6 Saranath, sculptural and architectural pieces from, 33 Saraṇyu, Tvaṣṭar's daughter, 430 Sārasvata, 13 (n.) Sarasvatī, 30, 265, 287, 303-4, 324, 358, 368-9, 371, 376 (n.), 377-80, 398, 490, 515-6, 518, 532, 559, 561 Sārasvatīya Śilpaśāstra, 18 Śārṅgadeva, 442 Sarpabali, 346 Sarpas, 336 Śarva, a name of Rudra-Śiva, 448, 449 (n.), 529, 575 Sārvabhauma and other types of rulers, 287 (n.) Sarvadarśanasamgraha, 451 Sarvasama and other types of Mānuṣaliṅgas, 459 Sarvāstivāda, 380 Sarvatāta, 91-3

c23.58

Sarvavarman, the Maukhari king, 452 (n.) Śaśa, a type of man, 311, 312 (n.) Śāsanadevatās, 284, 561-3 Śāsanastambhas, 103 (n.) Śaśāṅka, 152, 271, 569 Śaśāṅkaśekhara, a name of Śiva, 180, 466 Ṣaṣṭhī, also called Skandamātā, 384 (n.) Śaśvatī, 64 Śatakratu, a name of Indra, 277 Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, 55, 61, 139, 154 (n.), 316, 371, 386, 389, 417, 428, 448, 511, 513 (n.) Śatarudrīya, 234, 447-8, 487, 576 Śaṭcakrabheda, 494 Śatī, 83, 495 (n.) Sāttvata vidhi, 409 Sāttvata Saṃhitā, 391 Sāttvatas, 77 (n.) Satya and other Yugas, 229 Satyabhāmā, one of the wives of Kṛṣṇa, 422 Saubhūti, 155 Saundaryalaharī, a Tāntric text, 469, 495 Saura, 6, 140, 230 (n.), 238, 430, 500 (n.), 544, 551 Sauradharma, 138 (n.) Sauraśāstra, 568 Śavaras, 492 Savity, 13 (n.), 138, 371, 428-9 Sāvitrī, 287, 514-6, 518 Sāyaṇa, 53, 57, 59, 63-4, 575 Śayana (types of images), 264 Senahastī, 101 Senas (of Bengal), worshippers of Sadāśiva, 7, 11, 243, 478 Śeṣanāga, 103, 324, 346, 349, 392 (n.) Śeṣaśayanamūrti (of Viṣṇu), 235, 275, 406, 426, 538 Shermadevī temple, 261 Sibae (Śiboi), 449 Sicyonian School (of Greek art), 331 Siddhāntaśāstra, 453 Siddhārtha, a Yakṣa, 339 (n.) Siddhas, 101, 218, 325, 336, 367 Śilappadigaram, a Tamil text, 522 Śilāthambha, 103 (n.) Śilparatna, 19, 23, 31, 216, 221 (n.), 223, 226, 227 (n.), 324, 325 (n.), 328, 347, 348 (n.), 361 (n.), 417, 443, 516, 527-8, 532-3, 571 Śilpaśāstra(s), 82, 310, 332 Simhanāda Lokeśvara, 24, 284, 558 Sinivālī, a Vedic goddess, 371 Sirimā devatā, 100, 258, 265, 369 Śiśireśvara temple, 481 Śiśnadevas, 41, 62-3, 71 Sītā, 37, 261, 421 Śītalā, the goddess of smallpox, 25, 383 Śitalanāth, the tenth Jina, 517, 562 Śiva, 5, 8, 10, 14, 24, 38, 51, 64, 75-6, 79, 84, 86-9, 96 (n.), 99, 101-3, 109, 112-31, 134 (n.), 135-6, 141, 149, 152-61, 164-7, 176, 179-91, 198, 200, 224, 228, 230-2, 234-8, 243-4, 248, 250-5, 257-8, 260, 265-6, 271, 274-5, 277, 279-81, 284-7, 289-90, 292, 295, 300-5, 324, 338, 341, 344, 352, 355-6, 359, 362-4, 367, 370, 382, 386, 393-4, 402, 405, 409, 414, 429, 441 (n.), 444, 446 ff., 493, 495, 497, 500, 502, 504, 508-10, 512-5, 519, 522, 525, 528-9, 534-6, 542-53, 555, 558-9, 562, 567, 573-4, 576 Śivabhadra, 495 Śivabhāgavatas, 76, 449-50 Śivabhaktas, 27, 486 Śivadāsa, the Audumbara chief, 118 Śivadatta, 110-1 Śivadūtī (also called Dūtī), 33-4, 504, 507 Śivagaṇas, 189, 469, 472, 535, 546 Śivalingas, 5, 36, (n.), 84, 152-3, 169, 179, 181-3, 187-8, 202, 232, 235, 244, 279, 285, 394, 454-7, 459, 461, 502, 508-9, 519, 536, 545, 565 (n.) Śivalingas (on coins), 113-4 Śiva-Lokeśvara, 547, 554 Śiva Mahāpurāṇa, 536 Śivamegha, Mahārāja Gautamīputra 184, 197 Śivamitra, 242-3 Śiva-Pārvatī gold plaque, 224 Śiva-Paśupati, its prototype, 41, 270 Śivapura (Śaivapura), 449-50 Śivarakṣita, copper seal of, 119-20, 125, 158, 190, 238, 267, 287, 402 Śivasamayaneri, 274 Śiva-Śrīkaṇṭha, 450 Si-yu-ki, 89 Skanda, 85, 103, 106-7, 117, 140, 144-6, 199, 200, 265, 301, 304, 321 (n.), 338, 356, 362-5, 464, 562, 576-7 Skandagupta, 413 (n.), 431 (n.) Skandapurāṇa, 23, 133, 138 (n.), 166 (n.), 182 Smārta(s), 6, 153, 541-2, 545 Smṛtis, 6, 22, 90, 430, 541 Soḍāsa, the Śaka Satrap, 93 95-6, 110-1 Soma, 43, 73, 371, 429, 520-1 Somānanda, 453 Somapura, 225 Somā-Skandamūrti (of Śiva), 464, 470 Someśvara Bhūlokamalla, the Cālukya king, 18, 215 Someśvara temple, 481 Sophytes, 155, 156 (n.) Sourasenoi, an Indian tribe, 77 Spanda School, 453 Spandaśāstra, 453 Sphuliṅginī, one of the seven tongues of Agni, 491 Śrauṣa, 435 Śrāvastī, 225, 242, 256, 375, 481 Śreyāṃśanātha, the leventh Jina, 562 Śrī, a variety of Gaurī, 502 Śrī-Caitanya, 25 Śrīdhara, a Sub-Vyūha of Viṣṇu, 411

First 58 of 80 passages. Read on