Jain Miniature Paintings from Western India c11.s3.46

c11.s3.46

While talking of caps, it is interesting to note that some of the types described above are found on the Kushāna heads from Mathurā as early as the 1st century A.D. The cap, however, was not adopted by the Indians, who continued to wear the turban or scarf as a head-gear for a very long time. In the 10th century the cap, under its modern Hindi designation *topi*, seems to have been known. Thus Pushpadanta describes a variegated cap which covered both the ears ⁹⁰ (*siritopīdiṇṇau vaṇṇavaṇṇa, sā jhampavi saṃthiyaḍoṇakaṇṇa*). Such a cap seems to have been worn by Indra in the battle scene between Bharata and Bāhubali (Fig. 199). It is, however, certain that this cap was not very popular. Barbosa also says that in the 15th century the Gujarātīs wore caps to keep their hair in place, but this is apparently intended for the *mukuṭa* which both men and women of the upper classes seem to have worn.