Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

Mediaeval Sinhalese Art c35: Glossary and Index

Mediaeval Sinhalese Art c35

Language
English

Contents

Glossary and Index

c35.1

NOTE. Words in italics are usually Sinhalese or Latin unless otherwise stated. Place and personal names are printed in Roman type. The following abbreviations are used: s.=singular; pl.=plural; S.=Sanskrit; P.=Pali; T.=Tamil; H.=Hindustani; G.=German; Po.=Portuguese; v.=vide; n.=note; Sab.=Sabaragamuwa Province; C.P.=Central Province; ib.=ibidem; q.v.=quem videm; abt.=about; nr.=near; seq.=and following pages. All Sinhalese words are indexed in the singular; the plural is given also in many cases, especially where the following rules do not suffice: words ending in a, ya, va form the plural by dropping these terminations, as gama, gam; kaḍaya, kaḍa; kaṭuva, kaṭu; words ending in a form their plural in o.

c35.2

A.

c35.3

*Abharaṇaya*, insignia of a deviyo, 120: jewellery. *Abharaṇa heppuva*, a lacquered turned box for insignia, regalia or other jewellery, 139, 200, 217; Pl. XIII., 3. *Abharaṇa paṭṭala*, ‘Jewellery Workshop,’ a division of the royal craftsmen, 56. *Abharaṇa peṭṭiya*, =*abharaṇa heppuva*, q.v. *Abhayagiriya Dagaba*, remains of painting at, 178. *Abhidhamma*, a Buddhist work, 172. Aboriginal inhabitants, 1. Acanthus, in Gk. art derived from lotus, 260. *Acariya, acāriya*, an expert: a craftsman, the caste so-called, 21, 168, 215: particularly a blacksmith, 25, 54. *Accuva*, a pattern, stencil, 166: a pottery stamp, 226. *Ācarilla Dityaya*, a painter, 73. Adam’s Peak, 117: see Samaṇala. *Ādara-koṇḍu*, plain lines in lac-work, 217; Pl. XXVII. *Adhama*, small (images), 154. *Adhyoga*, a kind of dwelling allowed to priests, 262. *Adigār*, (*adikārama*), vizier: present at dedication of a temple by the king, 14: duties, 19, 20, 144: hats, 33: in Kandy perahera, 38: attendant on king, Pl. XXII. *Aḍiya*, foot, a unit of measurement, 142. *Aḍukku* (pl.), cooked provisions due to landlord, 24: -kat, yoke loads of such provisions borne by other tenants, 26. *Adyār*, Theosophical Society’s library, 69. Affrontment (*Wappenstil*, G.), design motif of two animals facing, with a tree or other object between them, 90, 97, 110; Fig. 66; Pls. VII., 9, XXIII., 2, XXIX., 7, XXXIX., 2. Agni, Regent of the S.E. quarter, 72. Agriculture, 24, 26-29: implements, 32, 140: songs, 31. *Agula*, bolt, 133, 134; Figs. 80-82; Pl. XI., 2. *Agul-kaṇuva*, bolt-post, 133, 134; Fig. 80; Pl. IX., 9. *Ahu* (*Morinda tinctoria*), wood affording a yellow dye, 245. Ajaṇṭā, paintings in the caves of (2nd—7th centuries A.D.), representation of *kinnara*, 81: naturalism, 95: compared with paintings at Sīgiriya, 178, 179. *Ajapāla*, tree beneath which the Buddha sat during the fifth week of the *sat-satiya*, q.v., Pl. XVIII. *Akatti karukku* (T.), an elementary form used by Tamil craftsmen for teaching drawing, 69; Fig. 10. Akbar the Great, founder of the Mughal Empire (1556-1605), a connoisseur, 206. *Akuramboḍa*, a village, 75. Alabaster images from Burma, 150. *Ālakamaṇḍā*, palace of the ruler of the mythical city of Ālaka, 8. *Alakēśvaraya*, 264. *Alatte* women, women of a *gikiyana paṅguva*, dancers, 220. *Ālavaka*, a demon converted by Buddha, 5. *Ālavaka damanaya*, a work relating the circumstances of Ālavaka’s conversion, 123. *Alavatugoḍa*, a village in the C.P., 180, 194. Alexander the Great and the flower maidens, 94.

c35.4

Alfred the Great, 8. Algama gold *sannasa*, 206: ivory casket for, 186. *Al-gē*, weaving shed, loom, 234. *Al-gē-rājakāriya*, service tenants' work at the loom, 232. *Aliya*, female elephant, as a gift, 213. *Al-kanuvē lella*, horizontal bar supporting the warp, 235. *Alla*, palm of the hand, potter's mallet, 230. Alloys, see bronze, *pas-lō*, etc. Almirah (Po.), a cupboard : a hinge from one, 113. Alms bowl, earthen, 222: Buddha's, a relic, 175. *Alpa* (images), very small, 154. Alphabet, 49, 230. *Alpila*, low platform whereon loom is erected, 234. Altars, 137; Pl. VIIA, above, Alternate repetition, motif in design, 109. Alum, ingredient of a paste, 181: of a dye, 246: used in colouring iron, 200. Alutnuvara Dēvāle, nr. Balaṅgoḍa, vihāra attached to, 118, 120; Pl. VII., 7: steel furnace and manufacture nr., 192; Fig. 100. Alutnuvara Dēvāle, Kēgalla Dist., 146. *Alut-sal*, *a.* (*maṅgalyaya*), ‘New Rice,’ harvest home, first fruits, festival, 37, 40: earthenware for, 219, 220; *gahōniya* used, 233. Alut Vihāra, v. Asgiriya. *Aḷuva*, loom, heddles, 234: *-kampaha*, *karala* (sleay); *-veḷa* (heddles),—parts of loom, 234. *Alvala*, hole for weaver's feet, 234. *Alvala redda*, cloth fresh from the loom, 235. *d'Alviella*, Count Goblet, 85. *Amarakosha*, Sanskrit dictionary, 51. Amara Simha, v. *amarakosha*. Amarāvati sculptures, 257. *Ambalama*, pl. *ambalam*, resthouse for wayfarers and strangers, 37, 116, 117: built as works of charity, 13: *gam-sabhāva* held in or near, 30: at Maṅgalagama, Fig. 76; Pl. VII., 3: represented in jātaka painting at Degaldoruva, 168: at Kēgalla, Ruvanvela, and Ratnapura, 136.

c35.5

Ambalaṅgoḍa, on W. coast of Ceylon, pattern of plaited bag, Fig. 144. *Ambaraṇa yatura*, ratchet lock, 196: key-plate of, Fig. 106. Ambepussa, a village, 180. Ambulugala, a village in the Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 145. Ambuluva, a village in the C.P., site of a guard-house, 120. *Amkeliya*, game of ‘horn pulling,’ 6, 37. Amphorae, earthen jars with two handles, ? indigenous, 228. Ampiṭiya, a village nr. Kandy, 117. *Amu karala*, an ear of *amu*, corn, 241. Amulets, 210. *Amuṇa*, pl. *amuṇu*, a measure of paddy, about five or six bushels, 75: as much ground as this will sow, about 2½ acres, 194. Amuṇugama, a hamlet of Degaldoruva, C.P., 77. Ānanda, favourite disciple of Buddha, images of, 148, 173. Anaṅga, the Bodiless One, Hindu God of Love, 91. Ananta, a mythical Nāga (cobra) king, 88. *Aṇḍe*, half-share (cultivation), 27. *Aṇḍina-kaṇḍa*, thread-beam of a mat-weaver's loom, 243: *-lanuva*, cord for turning a lathe, 187. F. H. Andrews, on ivories, (91), 184. *Ānamestra-gē*, *ānamestraya*, booth for lights during temple festivals, 76. *Aṅdun-vala*, the part beneath the eye darkened with antimony, unguent-spot, 155. *Aṅgala*, pl. *aṅgal*, lit. finger; inch, unit, in craftsman measure, 1¾ English inch, 113, 142, 152 seq., 208. Aṅgalmaḍuva, nr. Tangalla on the S. coast of Ceylon, lac-work of, 215, 217. Animism, 46; v. also folk-lore. Anklet, of Pattini, 6. Aṅkumbura, a village in the C.P., 180. *Aṅkusa*, elephant driver's goad (said to be fashioned after the claw of the *eṭ-kanda-lihiniya*, q.v.), 195; Pl. I.: v. also *heṇḍuva*. *Anna paḍci* (T.), sacred goose, *haṃsaya*, 86; Fig. 21.

c35.6

Annasāmi Stapati Rayar, a Tanjore craftsman, 69. Anurādhapura, early history, 3-9: pilgrimages, 20: decorative art, 95, 98, 101, 106, 110: architecture, 114, 144-6, 184: statues plastered, 149, 259: outdoor paintings, 178: cotton traded to, 235: Fig. 38. Anuruddha śataka, a Buddhist work, 51. Aparagōyānaya, mythical continent W. of Mt. Meru, 94. Appala, appala poḍi, earthen dish, 220. Appliqué, v. embroidery. Apprenticeship, 63 seq. Apsara, a heavenly nymph, 82. Arab trade, 29. Āracci, a village headman, 20. Āracci Paṇḍitayalagē, name of a potter, 219. Aralu (Terminalia chebula), myrobalan, ingredient of plaster, 118, 119: of black dye, 244: -malaya, ‘araḷu-seed garland,’ 211. Arch (toraṇa, q.v.), constructional, at Gaḷmaḍuva, 146. Archæology and art, 257. Architecture, Chs. V., VI., VII.; Pls. VII., VIIA, VIII., IX.: bird-shaped houses, 9, 262: bridges, 136: ceilings and roofs, 118: ceremonies, 79, 120 seq.: ḍagabas, 118: dēvāles, 120: domestic, 114; Fig. 70: military, 120: modern official, 17, 255: palace, 115, 116: rest-house, 116: typically wooden, resembling Nepalese, etc., rather than Dravidian, 114, 129: verandah, 117, 118, 131; Figs. 71, 72: vihāras, 117. Arecanut slicers, 195, 203; Pl. XLVI., 1-9. Arhat, an adept, a Buddhist ascetic who has attained self-conquest: painted representations, 169, 173. Arimbuva, a border motif, circles between lines, 107, 109, 185; Fig. 63, IV.; Pl. XXXV., 5, 6, etc. Ariṣṭa śataka, v. Yoga śataka. Armoury, royal, 207: v. also raṅkaḍu paṭṭala, avudha-gē. Arrow, borne by king as an emblem of State, Pl. XXII.: -heads, 25, made for veḍḍas, 57: -makers, ī-vaḍuvō, lac-workers, q.v.

c35.7

Art, distinguished from science, 170. Artificers (craftsmen other than potters and weavers), duties of, 25: general account, Ch. III.: see also craftsmen. Āruṇāchalam, The Hon. P., 9, 10. Ārya Cakravarti, Tamil invader, 6. Āryan origin of Sinhalese, 1, 2: civilisation and caste system, 21. Asaṇaya, throne, seat, pedestal, 146; Fig. 95. Asaṇa-kaḍaya, pediment of a pillar, usually with horizontal incisions, 129, 133; Fig. 74. Asceticism, 40, 47: dress, Pl. I. Asela, 225 B.C., 3. Asgiriya, 6, 17, 119, 133: dedication of Aluṭ Vihāra, 13, 14: cost of do., 56: paṅsala door, Fig. 80; Pl. IX., 9: chair in poho-yagē, 137, 140: crystal karaṇḍuva, 147: image, 149: key-plates, Fig. 107. Aṣṭaka, a verse of eight lines, 39, 74. Aṣṭa-nāri-ratha, ‘8-women-chariot,’ 67, 91. Aśoka, Emperor of N. India, B.C. 272-231, 2, 18, 177, 178. Assyrian influence and survivals in art, 96, 102, 251; Fig. 150, A, D, etc. Asterisms, lunar, v. nekata. Asthana, brother of Kīrti Śrī Rāja Simha, patron of work at Degaḷdoruva, 77. Asura, demon, foe of the gods, 94, 172: stature, 113, 161: Rāhu, 159: -rākṣasas, stature, 113. Aśvaya, horse, 90. Ata, hand. Aṭa, eight. Aṭabāgē, a village in the C.P., 90. Aṭamagala diagram, lit. 8 auspicious objects, 4, 70, 72, 90, 125. It is a magic diagram drawn on the ground on various occasions, generally indicated in a mnemonic verse:

c35.8

Devādi sarva-karmmeshu, etat maṅgala lakṣaṇam,
Garbhādiñca vivāhañca, tad vidiñca vidhyate.

c35.9

‘In all doings connected with the gods, ’tis an auspicious thing, likewise in pregnancy and marriage ’tis enjoined.’ A mnemonic verse details the objects represented:

c35.10

*Mridanga bheri vrishabanca nagam,* *Tatvalakam vijani kesarica,* *Makaram patakanca pradipacashtakam,* *Konashtakam sarva surashta mangalam.* ‘A drum, a bull, a cobra, a fan, a lion, a makara, a man-flag, and a lamp are the eight auspicious emblems.’

c35.11

Fig. 153. Atamagala diagram.

c35.12

*Ata-mulu-toppiya*, 8-cornered hat, 32; Fig. 1. *Atapattu kārayō*, craftsman tenants of *atapattu* rank, 55. *Atapattu maḍuva*, guard house, 24. *Atapattu vasama*, tenants of the first rank, guards, messengers, 24, 54. *Aṭa-peṭi-mala*, ‘8-petal-flower,’ design motif, on woven cloths, 234; Pl. XXVIII., 5: on grass mats, Fig. 143, ix. *Aṭa-poṭa-lanuva*, ‘8-ply-plait,’ a design motif, on woven cloths, 235. *Aṭa-vel-aḷuva*, a kind of loom, 233. *Aṭa-sil*, eight precepts, 43, 45, 78. *At-kiyata, at-koluva, at-torapanaya, at-veya*, carpenters’ tools, 142. *At-pandama*, hand cresset, 204; Fig. 127; Pl. XLV., 2, 3, 5. *Attanagala*, nr. Veyangoḍa, W.P., 262. *Attaragama*, a village in the C.P., 180. *Aṭṭhakathā*, lost early Sinhalese chronicles, 7. *Aṭu-haṅgiḍiya*, an overseer, 55. *Atul-pata*, tray or dish of plaited grass, 32: patterns of, Fig. 143. *Aṭuva*, granary, 32, 115, 116. *Audience Hall*, Kandy, 13, 77, 115, 131. *Avata*, ceremonial or processional fan, *v.* sēsata. *Avatār*, an incarnation; Buddha one of the ten avatārs of Vishnu, 112, 163. *Avudha-ge*, armoury, 180. *Avurudu (maṅgalyaya)*, New Year festival, 37.

c35.13

B.

c35.14

*Baḍaheḷa-baḍḍa*, Potters’ Department, 54, 55, 218. *Baḍaheḷa paṅguva*, a potters’ holding, 25, 219. *Back-bone stitch, v.* embroidery. *Badal paṅguva*, a smith’s holding, 25, 76. *Baḍaheḷaya*, potter, 22, 25, 54, 218. *Baḍulla*, town in Ūva P., inscribed tusks in Vihāra, 183: carving from Dēvāle, Fig. 89. *Baḍulla (gaha)*, (*Semecarpus Gardneri*), 181. *Baḍala*, pl. *baḍallu*, gold- or silver-smith, 25, 54, 55. *Baḍäma*, composition, varnish, paste, 181. *Baḍa-vēḍilla*, land given as means of support to a craftsman, 58, 59. *Badde Viḍānalāgē*, name of a potter, 219. *Bags, v.* betel bags. *Bahu sūtra*, shoulder plumb line, 156; Fig. 95. *Baker*, Sir S., 190. *Bala kapu*, annual cotton, 235. *Balana*, village in Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 213. *Balaṅgoḍa*, Sab., iron smelting, etc., 190 seq., 218: pottery, Fig. 139: lac-work, 215. *Baliceremonies*, stellar or planetary worship, 25-27, 46, 52, 148, 176, 177, 252, 260; Pl. IV. *Balibat gara-yakun neṭīma*, 39. *Bambaragammana*, village in the C.P., 180. *Bamboo*, 5, 34, 235. *Bamuṇa*, a Brahman, caste, 21. *Bamaṇugama Dēvāle*, Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 134. *Baṇa*, doctrine, sermons of the Buddha, 45: -daham poṭa, book of such scriptures, 164, 179; Fig. 3; Pls. XX., LII. *Baṇa maḍuva*, preaching hall, 118, 119, 137. *Bandha*, a knop, knot; motif in design, 109. *Bandhuka*, (?), 113. *Baṅkuva* (Port.), 3-legged stool, 137, 138.

c35.15

Bā-pata, part of door-frame, 133. Barāhat (Bharhut), monument of Aśokan age in N. India, sculptures of, 101, 106, 110: kinnaras, 81, 82: lotus rosettes, cobra heads, 96: style like Kandyan paintings, 170, 178: connection with Sinhalese art, 177, 251, 252: Greek influence, 257, 258, 259, 261: details from, Figs. 18, 146, 148, 149. Baring Gould, Rev. S., ‘Swan Maidens,’ 82. Baskets, grass, 244: cane, 246: see also vel-peṭṭiya. Basnāyaka Nilame, principal lay officer of a dēvāle, 19, 45. Baṭa-kola-toppiya, large hat of bamboo leaves, 34. Baṭgamvala Muhandiram vasama, a Department of Public Works, (low caste), 54. Baṭṭicaloa, on the E. coast of Ceylon, Tamil weavers, 103: cotton yarn obtained from, 236. Baṭ-valaṅda, an earthen vessel for eating rice, 221. Bauddha śataka, a Buddhist scripture, 51. Beal, S., 7, 177. Bear, flag of Tamaṅkaḍuva, 38: as ornament, in craft song, 230. Bed, wooden, 136, 137; Pls. IX., 7, X.. 6. Bee, as ornament, in craft song, 230. Begging bowls, metal, 206: earthen, 222. Behet gala, a mortar for preparing medicines, 147; Pl. LII., 6. Beligala, Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 6, 74, 144, 145, 146. Bell, H. C. P., 35, 37, 39, 57, 58, 74, 84, 85, 87-89, 99, 100, 105, 117, 120, 129, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 165, 178, 195, 255, 264, 265, 266, 267. Bellows, smelters’, 191, 192; Fig. 98; Pl. LIII. Belma, glance, of a newly painted image, 74. Benares brass-work, 202. Bennett, J. W., 138, 263. Beravāgaṇṇeve, a village, 180. Beravāyā, drummer, caste so-called; musicians, astrologers and weavers, 22, 25, 46, 54, 127, 148, 187, 232. Beraya, drum, ‘tom-tom,’ 26.

c35.16

Beṟeṇḍi Kōvil, remains of Hindu temple nr. Sītāvaka, 114, 144, 145: any temple so-called, 127. Betel, (bulat veḷa, Piper betle, L.), commonly chewed, 33: -bags, v. bulat-payiya, -malla: -dishes, v. bulat taṭuva. Beylié, Général L. de, 268. Bezel, setting of a gem, 210. Bhadra Nātha (=Kārtikēya), 112. Bhaga, measure=4 or 4 1/2 aṅgal, 113, 152. Bhakti śataka, v. Bauddha śataka. Bhanavāra, metrical term, 181. Bhāskarācārya, Indian astronomer, 205. Bhayam-kāra, ‘the horror,’ name of a pattern, Fig. 143. Bheṟuṇḍaya (pakshaya), double-headed bird, flag of Three Kōrales, 31: motif in design, 85, 211; Figs. 18A, 104; Pls. XXIII., 6, XLVIII., 6. Bhōjana śālava, refectory, at Malvatte, 134. Bhūmi Nāga, Earth Serpent, 126. Bhūmi Dēvi, Earth Goddess (Mahikāntāva), 40, 70. Bhutas, a class of goblins or demigods, 113. Bhuvaneka Bāhu I., 6. Bible-boxes, Dutch, 138. Bimbisāra, king of Magadha in time of Buddha, 5, 259. Binduva, ‘dot,’ motif in design, 103, 217. Birds in art, 89, 113, 262: lamps, 203; Fig. 126: part of loom, 235: woven on cotton cloths, 235: on Dumbara mats, 244, 248: jewellery, 211; Fig. 130: bird-shaped houses, 9, 262: various representations, Pls. XIV., XV., XXIX., XXX., XXXII., XXXIV., XXXV., XXXVIII., XLVIII. Birdwood, Sir G., 16, 137, 189, 210, 218. Bisōvela Vihāra, Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 114. Bissa, pl. bihi, round granary, 116; Pl. VII. Blacksmiths, duties, 25, 55, 76, 193, 194: tools, 194. Blake, Sir Henry, 115. Blow-pipe, jewellers’, 208. Boa, 230. Bō-asvatta, =bō-gaha, q.v. Bodhisatva, Bodisat, Buddha elect, future Buddha, 42.

c35.17

*Bo-gaha, bō-tree (Ficus religiosa):* each of the Buddhas that have appeared on earth for the salvation of mankind attained enlightenment beneath a particular tree, afterwards held sacred to them. This crowning point in the life of Gotama Buddha was reached as he sat beneath a *Ficus religiosa*, hence called the *bō-tree*, or tree of wisdom. Of that victory, the *bō-tree* stands as a perpetual symbol in Buddhist art. At Anurādhapura, 2: jewelled, 5: in Kandy, 11: significance in Buddhism, 42, 98, 119: flower offerings, 137.

c35.18

*Bō-heṭṭaya*, long-sleeved tunic worn by kings, 32; Fig. 62; Pls. XXII., XXXVI., 1.

c35.19

*Bō-kola, bō-pata*, bō-leaf, leaf of *bō-tree*, Fig. 48; 101, 102, 106: triangle derived, 106: on wooden pillars, 129: antiquity of motif, 252: other references, 129, 217, 222, 230, 234, 235, 239, 253. Examples of use, Figs. 49, 105, 114, 136, 138, 139; Pls. XXVIII., 1 (9), 2, XXIX., 6, 8, XLVIII., 7.

c35.20

*Bō-maluva, bōdhi-m.*, platform or garth surrounding a *bō-tree*, 76, 119, 147: in Kandy, 12, 146.

c35.21

*Bō-paṭiya*, belt with *bō-leaf* lappets, design for, Pl. XX., 3.

c35.22

*Bō-pat-kängul*, design motif of alternating *bō-leaf* and arrow, 102; Pls. VIIIA, XXVIII., 2.

c35.23

*Bōgomuva*, a village in the C.P., 180.

c35.24

*Bōkkalaya*, a bossed handle-rose.

c35.25

*Bol-pen*, water for temple use, 25.

c35.26

Bolts, wooden, 134; Figs. 80-83; Pl. XI., 2: metal, 115, 196, 198; Figs. 108, 109; Pl. XLIIIA., 7.

c35.27

*Bombu-kola*, leaf of *bombu* (*Symplocos spicata*), 244, 245.

c35.28

Bone, carved box, Pl. XXXVI., 6; comb, Pl. XXXIX., 2.

c35.29

Book-cover=*pot-kambiya, q.v.*

c35.30

Books, ola, 51-53, 264: paper, 179-181.

c35.31

*Bōralaya* (?=*bōlaya*, E. ball), a ball or tassel, 33; Fig. 1.

c35.32

Borax, 181.

c35.33

Botalapiṭiya Bōmaluva, nr. Kandy, 39.

c35.34

Bovatte, 75.

c35.35

Bovala Unnānse, Buddhist priest, 14.

c35.36

Boxes, *v.* wood, ivory, metal, etc.

c35.37

Brahma, Hindu god, 8: *-garbbhaya*, 72: *-kalaya*, 72: *-pādaya*, inner division of a site, 159: *-sūtra*, 160.

c35.38

Brahman, caste, 21.

c35.39

*Brāhmaṇa enduma*, Brahman costume worn at *nētra maṅgalyaya*, 72.

c35.40

Braid, 233: Pl. XXXII., 8, 9 (binding edge).

c35.41

Branch, continuous, *liya vela* (*fortplanzende Wellenranke*, G.), motif in design, vegetable ornament rhythmically disposed about a common stem, 98, 99, 230; Figs. 42, 43, 52; Pls. XV., XXVI., 12, XXXI., etc.: origin, 104, 105, 109, 260: archaic forms on metal work, 109, 204; Fig. 53; on pottery, 226.

c35.42

Branch, interrupted (*intermittirende Wellenranke*, G.), 109; Fig. 65; Pls. XXVIII., 4, XXX., 2, etc.

c35.43

Brass, arecanut slicers, 203: betel boxes, 195: bolt, 198: boxes, 82, 198, 202; Figs. 11, 28, 68, 123; Pl. XLIII., 4, 5: box-fittings, Pl. XLIIIA., 3: casting, 105, 200, 203; *do.*, worm and cable ornament, 204; Fig. 125: catches, Fig. 122, I., II.; dishes, 202; Pl. XLV., 6: door-handles, Fig. 124; Pls. XLIII., 3, 7, XLIIIA., 6: elephant-goad, Pl. XLIV., 2: -founder’s workshop, 203; Pl. V., 6: hinges, Fig. 122; Pls. XIII., 3, XLIIIA., 8; *do.*, Indo-Portuguese, Figs. 116, 117: images, 148: jewellery, Pls. L., 15-19, LI., 4: kettle, Pl. XLV., 4: key-plates, 196, 198; Figs. 107, 118-121: lamps, 89, 203, 204; Fig. 126; Pl. XLIV., 5, 4: lantern, Pl. XLIV., 7: lock, Fig. 122, IV.: mango, Pl. XLIII., 6: -mounted knife, Pl. XLVII., 8: oil-jug, Pl. XLV., 10: palanquin fittings, Fig. 128: rice table, Pl. XLIV., 1, XLV., 6: surgical instruments, 195: water vessels, 203: wrought, 200: see also damascening.

c35.44

Brazen Palace, Anurādhapura, 3, 4.

c35.45

Brick (*gadola*), 225: images constructed of, 148, 149, 173.

c35.46

Bridges, 134, 136, 267.

c35.47

*Brihad Saṃhita*, encyclopædic work by Varāha Mihira, 159, 161, 163, 209.

c35.48

British accession, 2, 7, 14, 30. British Museum, 53. Broceliande, Himālayas the Indian, 81. Brodie, A. O., 263. Bronze, camphor burner, 204; Pl. XLV., 7: cresset, Fig. 127; Pl. XLV., 2, 3, 5: elephant bells, 204; Pls. XLIV., 5, XLV., 8: images, 148: tools, vessels, 203, 204: other references, 204, 225, 254. Brownrigg, General, 15. Brugaid, Irish rest-house, 117. Brush, painters’, 165, 166: -drawing, 66, 67, 103; -work, 94; Fig. 32. Buddhalaya, a Buddhist temple, 127. Buddha (Gotama Buddha), d. 543 B.C., more probably 487 B.C., life, teachings, etc., 5, 42, 58, 98, 101, 163, 169, 250, 258: stature, 113, 153, 161: not a god, 71: tooth-relic, 6: footprint, 173: Maitri B., 42: v. also Buddhism. Images of B., 5, 12, 30, 56, 70-75, 147, 148-160, 169, 173, 258, 259, 260; Pl. VIIA; diagram, Fig. 95: paintings of, 5, 47, 72, 73, 77, 168, 171; 172, 173, 180, 259; Pls. XIV., 2, XVII., XIX. Buddhadāsa, A.D. 339, organised charity and medical relief, etc., 7. Buddha-gajja, a Buddhist scripture, 50. Buddhaghosa, 7. Buddhism, and art, 46-48: charity, dedications, 7, 36, 48, 70, 77, 78, 116, 264: doctrines and observances, 14, 40, 41, 43, 71, 73, 74, 181, 207, 262: duties of priests, 45: ethics, 40, 43, 183: introduction into, and history in, Ceylon, 2, 7, 62, 117: results of disestablishment, 16: State patronage, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14. Budu-res, aura of the Buddha, represented as six-coloured rays, 43; Pls. XIV., 2, XVIII., XIX. Bulat-heliya, earthen jar for betel leaves, 222. Bulat-malla, pl. -malu, pouch for betel leaves, 244. Bulat-payiya, betel-bag, 237-239; Pls. XXX.—XXIII. Bulat-tatuva, dish or tray for betel leaves, 203: altar for offerings of do., 70. Bulat-vangediya, mortar for betel leaves and spices, 195.

c35.49

Bulat-vela (Piper betle), a species of pepper, the leaves of which are used for chewing with lime and spices, 33. Bull, 67, 90; Figs. 27, 66. Bulu (Terminalia beleria), myrobalan, ingredient of a dye, 244. Bummediya ‘bull-frog,’ earthen and skin drum used at harvest festivals, 221. Burford Church, Glos., 266. Burghers, descendants of Dutch settlers in Ceylon, 1. Burmese art, 101, 118, 150. Burrows, Ronald, 261.

c35.50

C.

c35.51

Calamander (Diospyros quæsita, Thw.), 139, 216. Calyx volute, archaic design motif, 103; Figs. 35, 36; Pl. XXIX., 7. Camaraya, fly-whisk, 33; Pl. XXII. Camphor burner, 204; Pl. XLV., 7. Candalayo, caste, 22. Cane (ve-vela), ceremonial, etc, 20, 32, 209; Pls. XXIII., 4, 5: fencing sticks, Pl. XIII., 1, 2: baskets, etc., 55, 200, 246; Pl. XLIIIA, 8: teeth of reed, 234. Canons of proportion, of images, 150 seq.: v. also Silpa sastra, Rūpāvaliya, Sāriputra, Vaijayantaya. Caps, v. dress, ispayya, toppiya, etc. Carpenters, 54, 55, 125, 129 seq.: tools, 141, 142. Casie Chitty, 22. Caste, 21, 22, 54, 222: a spiritual aristocracy, 28: ignored by Government, 61: v. also sumptuary laws. Catur-nāri-palakkiya, ‘4-women-palanquin,’ 67, 91. Cauldrons, 203. Cave, representation in art, Pl. I.: -temples, 117, v. also Degaldoruva, Dambulla: paintings, 47: v. also Sigiriya. Cave, H. W., 131, 133, 134, 145, 167, 266. Ceilings, wooden, 130: painted, Fig. 52; Pls. XIV., 2, 3, 4, XV., XVI. Ceremonial purity, 30, 31, 120, 124, 267.

c35.52

Ceremonies, foundation laying, 5: eye-painting, *v. netra maṅgalyaya*: inauguration of king, 206: New Year, etc., *v. maṅgalyaya*: tree-cutting, 121 *seq.* Cetiya (P.), a religious monument, *passim.* Chair (*puṭuva*), 4, 137, 138, 206; Pl. IX., 5. Chaitya window, prototype of *makara toraṇa*, 84. Chalia weavers, *v. salagamayō.* Chandragupta II. (Vikramāditya), A.D. 373-413, Indian Emperor, 162, (177), 189. Chank (*saka*, Turbinella rapa), large white shell used as a trumpet, or cut into bracelets, 188; Fig. 69 (xi.); Pls. XLI., i, XLIIIA, 4. Charity, *v. Buddhism.* Charters, *v. sannasa.* Chatra, umbrella, 33; Fig. 69; Pl. I.: part of a writing style, 208. ‘Chatty,’ any earthen vessel of moderate size used for cooking. Chaupai=pacisi, *g.v.*, Cheetah (*diviya*), 249: tooth as polishing tool, 181. Chequer, motif in design, 107; Fig. 63 (vi): *v. also divi-niya-pota.* Chevron, *do.*, 105; Figs. 55, 56. Chidambaram Iyer, N., 161. China, art parallels, influence, etc., 87, 101, 109, 118, 177, 178: silk, 98. Chisels, 141, 142. ‘Chunam’ (*hunu*), lime, for chewing or plastering: -boxes, *v. killoṭaya.* Cingalese, *v. Sinhalese.* Cinnabar, 119, 164, 181, 215. Cinnamon peelers, *salagamayō, g.v.*, 232. Circle, motif in design, 104, 105: sun-symbol, 81, 105. Cire perdue (Fr.), method of casting, 203. Citta Gutta, name of a monk, 47. Clepsydra, water-clock, *g.v.*: *v. also Wilson, Vishnu Purāṇa, V.*, 189. Cloth, *v.* weaving, embroidery, etc. Clough, Dictionary, 153, 268. Cobra (*nāga*), 43, 88, 223, 225, 230, 235; Pls. XXV., 4, 6, XXIX., 4, XXXIV., LIII., 6: heads in lotus medallions, Barahat and Ceylon, 251, 252; Figs. 276, 146, 147. Cockatrice, *v. śerapendiya.* Coconut (*pol-gaha, Cocos nucifera*) leaf, 72: arrack, 222: leaf mats, 244: oil, 223: -scraper, *hiramanaya*, Fig. 88: -shell, *pol-kaṭuva*, 139, 140, 234, 235, charcoal, 177, sweetmeat mould, Fig. 87, water-dippers, 139, Pl. XLIII., 6-9: trees known by name, 78. Colians, Tamils, *g.v.* Colombo Museum, 9, 90, 133, 144, 145, 146, 150, 152, 183, 184, 204, 260; Fig. 132; Pls. X., 7, XIII., 2, 4-6, XXXII., 1, 2, 8, XXXIII., 1-3, XXXV., 4, 5, XXXVI., 1-5, XXXVII., 10, 11, XXXIX., 4, 7, 9, 10, XL., 1, 5, 6, 17, 18, XLIII., 2, 4, XLIV., 3, 5, XLV., 5, XLVI., 1, 2, 4-8, 11, 12, L., 7, 9-19, LI., 8-11, LII., 7. Colouring iron, 200. Colours, *v.* painting, dyeing, five colours. Combs, *v.* ivory, horn, bone. Commutation of service rents, 24, 76, 219. Compasses, early mention, 4, 142: ivory, Pl. XXV., 1. Conch, *v.* chank. Cone, ‘shawl pattern,’ 103; Fig. 51. Continuous narration, 167; Pl. I. Coomaraswamy, A. K., 15, 17, 96, 136, 258: collection illustrated, Figs. 11, 28, 68, 87, 94, 103, 127, 129; Pls. X., 6, XII., 1, 6, 7, XIII., 3, 7, 8, XIV., 1, XVII. (upper), XXI., XXVI., 1, 2, XXVIII., 1, XXIX., 5, XXX., 1, 2, XXXII., 3, 6, XXXIV., XXXV., 1, 3, 6, XXXVI., 6, 8, XXXVII., 1-3, XXXVIII., 3, 5, 6, 8, XXXIX., 2, 6, XL., 8-12, 14-16, XLI., 1, 4, XLIII., 5, XLIIIA, 2, 3, XLIV., 6, XLV., 12, XLVI., 3, 9, 10, XLVII., 9, XLVIII., 8, 13, 14, 16, 17, L., 1, 2, 3, LI., 1, 2, 4, 12, 15. Coomaraswamy, E. M. (Mrs. A. K.), 2, 188, 237. Coomaraswamy, Sir Mutu, 6. Co-operation, capacity for amongst Sinhalese, 28, 30. Copper, bowl, 206: cauldrons, 203: charters, 74, 207: filigree, 205; Pl.

c35.53

XLIIIA, 2: lime-boxes, Pls. XLVI., 10-12, XLIV., 6: water vessel, 205; Pl. XLIIIA, 1. Copperas, 200. Coral, 5. Cotton, 235: v. also weaving, embroidery. Cow-dung, 31, 114. Cowell, Prof. E. B., 42, 121, 122. Craftsmen, Ch. III.: apprenticeship, 64: classification, 54: dress, 60: fed, 32, 56, 70, 76: good and evil, 124, 127: high spirit, 60, 61: Indian origin, 2, 6, 58, 61-63, 232: numbers, 61: payment, 12, 56, 57, 60, 61, 77, 264: ‘protection,’ 60, 61: penalties, 59, 60: in Mahāvaṃsa, 10, 173: masters of many crafts, 68: royal, 264: status, 60, 264. Craftsmen at work, Pls. V., VI. Craft-songs, 235, 246. Crane, Walter, 92. Crescent, 254; Pl. XLVIII., 5. Cressets, 204, 223; Fig. 127; Pl. XLV., 2, 3, 5. Cross, motif in design=reduced floweret, 97, 106. Cross-hatching, motif in design, 102; Fig. 59. Crow, 90. Crown, 33; Pl. XXII. Crystal, quartz (palinguva), 147, 149. Cubit, (riyana), 59, 126, 142. Cunningham, General, 82, 84, 101, 257. Curve (vaka), temperate, ideal, education in drawing, etc., 65, 103, 104.

c35.54

D.

c35.55

Dagaba, dome-shaped monument, erected over relics, etc., passim. Daḷadā Māligāva, Temple of the Tooth Relic, Kandy, built in the eighteenth century by Narēndra Siṃha, restored by Kirti Śrī, and added to by Vikrama Siṃha, 7, 6, 11, 13, 17, 27, 36, 38, 39, 40, 48, 72, 74, 76, 90, 91, 100, 114, 115, 118, 119, 131, 141, 145, 147, 149, 168, 169, 198, 204, 206, 212, 214, 225, 239, 255, 267, 268: general view, Pl. VIII.: details and objects, from, illustrated, Fig. 90; Pls. IX., 6, XVI., XXVIII., 2-4, XXXIII., 4, 5, XLII., 1-3. Dalumura, high word for bulat (betel): the turn to supply betel to a landlord: dalumura taṭuva, royal or ceremonial betel dish, 205; Pl. XLII., 3. An ordinary betel dish is a bulat taṭuva. Damascening (riḍi-keṭayan-vēḍa), 54, 102, 103, 198, 200, 207; Figs. 50, 51, 102, 115, A; Pls. XLIIIA, 7, XLVI, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, XLVII., 2, 9, XLI., 1: damascener at work, Pl. IV., 3: ornamented tools, 142, 205. Damba (Eugenia jambos, L.), a fruit tree, 128: a mythical tree, 94. Dambaḍeṇiya (Jambuḍḍoṇi), formerly Sinhalese capital, 6, 174. Dambu, rags, balls of tow for cressets, 26, 238. Dambadiva, ‘land of the rose apple,’ continent S. of Mt. Meru, viz. India, 94. Dambevinne, a village in Ūva, 117. Dambulla, properly Dambulu, cave temples, abt. thirty miles N. of Mātale, 3, 8, 15, 27, 75, 117, 137, 193: interior, Pl. VIII.: ceiling painting, Pl. XIV., 2. Dambulla, a cave temple in the Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 149. Damunumeya Vihāra and sannasa, 77, 78. Danagirigala Vihāra, a cave temple in the Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 117, 141, 148, 164, 169, 170: Figs. 41, 104; Pls. VII., 4, X., 2-5, XIV., 8. See also Bell, Kēgalla Report, p. 43 (sannasa, A.D. 1787, details work executed, payment of craftsmen, etc.) Dancing, 26, 176, 220: representations of, Pls. XVIII., XXXVIII., 2, XXXIX, 9. Daṇḍasanaya, ? book table, 48, 137; Pl. XI. Daṇḍu, wood, timber: beam, 130: -agula, bolt, 134: -maḍuva (royal) timber shed, 25, 55. Daṇḍu-lena, squirrel, 90. Daṅgaraya, daṅgaya, meander, coil, motif in design, 88, 110. Dan-kada, pl. -kat, yoke load of provisions given by tenant to proprietor, 24, 193.

c35.56

*Daraṇaya=dangaya*, *q.v.* *Dari* (H.)=*eṭirilla*, *q.v.* *Dasa Dhamma Suttam*, a Buddhist scripture, 47. *Dasa-sil*, ten precepts binding on Buddhist priests, 44. *Daṭhadhātu*, Tooth Relic of Buddha, 6: *-vaṃsa*, history of do., 6. *Daṭ-kaṭuva*, tooth-pick, 210. *Davula*, drum, 26, 120: *-paṅguva*, holding of a *beravāya* tenant, 25. Davy, John, 33, 37, 39, 84, 125, 136, 190, 206, 207, 209, 220, 222, 237, 263, 267. De Couto, 10. Deer (*mṛga*), 89, 230, 249; Pl. XXXIV.: =any wild beast, 86. Degaldoruva Vihāra, cave temple about two miles from Kandy, 47, 114, 146, 164, 167, 168: *jātaka* paintings, 42, 116, 123, 140, 167, 168, 233; Figs. 2, 88, 151, 152; Pl. I.: names of painters, 168: *sannasa*, 77: window, 134: bolt, Fig. 103. Degeneration, of social structure and arts and crafts generally, 15, 17, 185, 210: architecture, 132: dress, 33: turnery, 141: painting, 167, 168, 171, 172: ivory carving, 210; Pl. XXXVIII., 9: embroidery, 237: dyeing, 245. Dehigama, name of an official to whom the gold style of Fig. 129 was given by Narēndra Siṃha, 207. Dehigama Navaratna Atapattu Vasala Mudiyānse, had made an illuminated copy of Viśuddhi Mārgaya, 180. Dehigama Vihāra, 56. Dehipāgoḍa, a village in the C.P., 180. *De-keṭṭa*, sickle, *q.v.* *De-kuma*, customary gift from a tenant, 24. *Deḷa*, net, name of motif in design, 107, 217. *Deḷ-geṭa-lanuva*, ‘net-knot-plait,’ pattern of grass mats, 244. Delhi, iron pillar of Chandragupta II., 162, 189. *Demaḷa Baḍala*, Tamil goldsmith, 62. Dembaralāve Vihāra, 70. *Deṇiya*, a marshy hollow between two hills, a valley. *Depiyan-doruva*, door with two leaves (Lewis).

c35.57

*De-pota-lanuva*, ‘two-ply-plait,’ motif in design, (*a*) chequer work, 107; Fig. 63, VI.: (*b*) plaitwork of two strands, 234, 244; Pls. XXVIII., 1 (13A), XXXIV.: theory, 211. De Silva, W. A., 178. *Deṭi mala*, ‘tooth flower,’ ‘tooth pattern,’ pattern of woven cloths, 234; Pl. XXVII., 1 (7). *Dēva*, fem. *dēvi*, minor divinity, god, 3, 113, 121-5, 161: purity, 124, 267: representations in art, Figs. 2, 151, 152; Pls. VIIIA, XVIII., XXII. *Dēva*, horizontal beam of roof: *-suliya*, carved end of such a beam (Lewis). *Dēva Brāhman*, *Dēva kammalar*, reputed ancestral name of craftsmen, 63. *Dēva paḍaya*, ‘quarter of the gods,’ third division of a site, 159: *-satra*, string delimiting do. *Dēvarāja Vihāra*, Dambulla, 75. *Dēva-vardhika*, name of Viśvakarma, 78. *Dēvala-perahera*, the second five days of the *p.* in Kandy, 38. *Dēvalaya*, *dēvāle* (*dēva+ālaya*), temple of a Hindu god or local deity, *passim*: organisation and structure, 45, 120: chief deities worshipped, 46: purity of sanctum, 124: in Māyāmataya, 125, 127. *Dēvāle-gama*, village belonging to a *dēvāle*, 27. Dēvanagala Vihāra, Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 133, 264; Pl. VII., 8. Dēvānaṃ Piyatissa, ‘Beloved of the Gods,’ 307-267 B.C., contemporary of Aśoka, established Buddhism as State religion in Ceylon, 2, 6, 177. Dēvaragampola Silvatẹnna, an ‘unordained priest’ and painter, worked at Degaldoruva and Riḍī Vihāra for Kīrti Śrī, 47, 59, 84, 168. Dēvaramulla, a village in the C.P., 35. Dēvasurēndra Muhandirama, a craftsman of Embekke, painter, ivory carver, etc., source of much valuable information, 70, 79, 152, 181: drawings by, Figs. 10, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33 (I., VII., VIII., X.), 34 (II.), 44, 91, 92, 93, 95; Pl. XXI.

c35.58

Devata Baṇḍarā, a local deity, image at Embekke, 149. Devatāva, a minor divinity, 4, 46, 72. Dēvēndra Mulācariyā, a craftsman and architect in the reign of the last king, 59, 131, 142. Devil ceremonies, 26, 239. Deviyo (honorific pl.), a more ceremonious term than deva, q.v. Devundara, on the S. coast of Ceylon, site of a dēvāle destroyed by the Portuguese, 10, 149, 260. Dhaja pataka, great banner, 24. Dhammacakka, ‘Wheel of the Law,’ name of a building erected by Dēvānam Piyatissa, 6. Dhammāgāra, ‘House of the Law,’ name of a building erected by Parākrama Bāhu I., 72. Dhammika Sutta, a Buddhist scripture, 47. Dharma (S.), dhamma (P.), sacred law, righteousness, doctrine, 43, 168. ‘Dhoby’ (H.), washerman (radavā), 21: duties, 26, 237 238. Dhoṭi (H.), Hindu dress, worn by ‘brahman’ at Nētra Maṅgalyaya, 72. Dhyāna, meditation, 93, 112. Dhyāna Ratnāvaliya, Silpa Śāstra in use in Tanjore, 69. Diapers, 107; Pls. XIV., 6, XXVIII., 1, 3: v. also chequer, tundan veḍa, kaḷas daṅgaya. Dibba-gē, ‘god’s house,’ altar, 72. Dice, 186, 268; Pl. XL., 3. Dickson, Sir J., 75, 262. Didron et Durand, Christian symbolism, 266. Dig-gahanavā, to lay warp, 236, 243. Dig-gē, porch of a dēvāle, forming antechamber to the maligāva or sanctuary. (Here daily hēvisi is performed, and also the dances of women (dig-gē neṭima, 26) at festivals. Worshippers have access only to the dig-gē, the kapurāla alone entering the maligāva.) 120. Dīghanikāya, a Buddhist scripture, 77. Dīpaṅkara Buddha, a former Buddha, 41. Dīpavali, Hindu festival of lights, Sin. karti maṅgalyaya, 37. Dīpavaṃsa, Sin. chronicles of fourth century A.D., basis of Mahāvaṃsa, 2: memory verses, 162, 171. Dippiṭiya Vihāra, Kēgalla Dist., Sab. 133. Disāva, governor of a disāvanaya, chieftain, 19, 20, 23, 55, 219: -ācāri, craftsmen working for disāva only, 55. Disāvanaya, district in charge of a disāva, 19, 20. Diva Nilame, Diyavaḍana Nilame, principal lay officer of the Daḷadā Māligāva, 6, 7, 19, 45. Divi-niya-pota, child’s amulet, cheetah’s claws mounted in gold or silver, 210; Pls. XLVIII., 9, 10, 14-17. Div-nari-ratha, ‘2-women-chariot,’ Fig. 28. Divul-laṭu, gum of the elephant-apple tree, used as medium for painting, 165. Divya loka, world of the gods, 94. Divyāvadāna, a Buddhist scripture, 259. Diya-kacciya, bathing dress, dress of watchmen or guards, 34, 233: worn, Pl. V., 10: -reḍḍa, pl. -reḍi, do. 26. Diya-reḷa, ‘wave,’ zig-zag, wave or chevron motif in design, 106; Figs. 54, 143 (VIII.); Pl. XXVIII., 1 (15). Diya-kepīma, ceremony of ‘cutting water’ after the annual perahera of a dēvāle, 222: after nētra maṅgalyaya, 39, 74: -kepum-toṭa, place where the ceremony is performed, 39. Doḍanṭale Vihāra, Kēgalla Dist., Sab., 118, 119, 164, 168, 169, 198, 211, 222; Figs. 60, 110, 130; Pl. XXV., 8. Doḍanvela Dēvāle, C.P., 180, 213. Dolosvela K. W. W. Tennekoon Mudianse, 27. Domba mala (Calophyllum Inophyllum, L.) Door, 115, 133, 185; Pls. VII., 8, VIIIA: ivory ornamented, 185; Pl. XXXVIII., 1: guardians, 184, 185: handles, 203; Fig. 124: Pls. XLIII., 7, XLIIIA, 6. See also J. P. Lewis, ‘Spolia Zeylanica,’ V., 127. Dora hiṭina leḷla, leaf of door, 133. Dora-kaḍa asna, charms recited on threshold, 74, 265: v. also Wickremasinghe, Sin. mss. in British Museum, p. 40. Doraṇa (Dipterocarpus glandulosus, Thw.), oil of, as a medium, 165: ingredient of varnish, 167, 181.

c35.59

Doraṭu-pala, divine guardian of a doorway, 150: -rūpaya, image of do., 72, 150, 184; Pls. XXXV., 5, 6, XL., 5. Doruva, dora, a door. Dot, binduva, q.v. Dowson, J., 81. D’Oyley, Sir John, 219. Drawing, teaching of, 64-69. Drawn thread, v. embroidery. Dress, 32-35, 232: caps and hats, 34, 237, 239; Pls. XXII., XXIII., 1, XXXVI., 1-5: chief’s, 33: gifts of king’s, 60, 213: gods’, Pl. XXI., etc.: guard’s, Pl. V., 10: hermit’s, Pl. I.: king’s, 33, 209; Pls. XXII., XXXVI., 1: craftsmen’s, 60, 72: v. also sumptuary laws. Drums, v. davula, bummeḍiya, temmeṭṭama, beraya, udakkiya. Dulḷeve Adigār, 194, 219. Dulmure, a village in the C.P., 180. Dumbara, part of the C.P.: mat-weavers (kinnarayo) and mats, 243; Fig. 40; Pls. IV., XXXIV. Dummala, rosin, from the hal tree, or dug in recent deposits of vegetable matter, used as incense, to produce a flash of brilliant flame in devil-dancing ceremonies, and as ingredient of a varnish, 38, 167, 222: oil, 52, 222 (v. also ‘Ceylon Nat. Review,’ I., 238 [1906]): -kabala, incense burner, 222; Pl. XXVI, 4, 5. Dunukāra vasama, military tenants, lit. bowmen, 25. Dāpōruva (Clough, under ashṭāpada), perhaps the proper Sinhalese name for a pacisi cloth or board, q.v. Durāvō, toddy drawers (caste), 22. Durayā, man or headman of paduvō caste, 187. Duruṭṭa, January, 37. Dutch, held low-country of Ceylon, 1658-1795 A.D., 1, 11: ambassador in Kandyan service, 213: influence on arts, 85, 87, 91, 115, 128, 136, 140, 164, 179, 198, 202, 210, 256: paper, 65, 166, 179: trade, 29: wars with, 13, 29, 115, 188, 206, 213. Duṭṭha Gāmaṇi, 167-137 B.C., first great builder king in Ceylon, 3-5, 7, 57, 149: statues of, 170, 173.

c35.60

Dvara-pāla, doraṭu-pala, q.v. Dyeing, 236, 244, 245.

c35.61

E.

c35.62

Earthenware, 218-231; Figs. 135-139; Pls. XXV., XXVI., LII., 4, 5. ‘Early Indian’ art (up to about 30 A.D.), sources of, 251: v. also Barāhat. Ear-pick (kan-heṇḍa, pl. -heṇḍi), 210; Pls. XL., 8, 10, XLVIII., 13. Ebony (Diospyros ebenum, Kœn.), 115, 116, 139, 185. Ecclesiasticus, 129, 189. Edaṇḍa, log bridge, 48. Education, 10, 16, 49-51: of craftsmen, 63, 64, 68-69: deficiencies of modern, 16, 51: mission schools, 17: v. also schools. Eduru = kapurala, q.v. ‘Egg and dart,’ border and moulding, equivalent of lotus petal (pala peti) moulding, 97, 253, 261. Egyptian analogies in Indian art, 168, 251. Ehala-gaha, ‘July tree,’ 25, 38, 76, 121. Eheḷapola, Adigār of last king, 14, 15. Eka-pota-lanuva, ‘one-ply-plait,’ 107; Fig. 63, V.; Pl. XXXVII., 5. Elāḷa, 205 B.C., Tamil usurper who ruled justly, 3. Eḷdeṇiya, village in the C.P., 57, 58. Elephant, 26, 38, 39, 40, 41, 56, 67, 84, 90, 183, 230, 249: representations, Pls. I., VII., 7, XXVIII., 1, XXIX., 7, XXXIV.: bells, 204: goad, 195: Pl. XLIV., 2. Elipat-kanda, inner threshold of door (Lewis). Ella, Ūva P., horn-comb-makers, 187. Ellora sculptures, W. India, 177. Embekke, village and Dēvāle in C.P., 39, 76, 79, 90, 120, 149, 206: v. also Keppiṭipola. Embekke Dēvasurēndra Haṅgiḍiya, grandfather of Dēvasurēndra Muhandiram, q.v., drew tiringi talaya of Pl. XVII.: v. also Manuvīravikrama. Embeṭṭayō, barbers (caste), 22. Embroidery, 237-242; Fig. 141; Pls. XXVIII., 2-4, XXX.-XXXIII., XLI., 2: degeneration, passing, 237: materials, betel-bags, 238: jackets, pillow-cases, caps, napkins, quilting, appliqué, 239: stitches, 240-242: revival by Mrs. Coomaraswamy, 242: *v.* also weaving, *hannāliya, radava*. Embul-muṭṭiya, earthen pot for hair wash, 220. Embulpure, a village in the C.P., 76. Enamelled tiles, 218. Enda, bed, 136: -kakula, bed-leg, 217: -viyala, -frame, 136. English, Church, Kandy, 12: occupation of Kandy, 1815 A.D., 14: unsympathetic government, 15, 75: paper, 166: influence on art, etc., 255. Erbyggya Saga, 124. Espat, name of pattern, 248. Eta, elephant, tusker, 213. Et-dat-keṭayan-kārayo, ivory carvers, 54, 186. Et-hoṇḍa-vela, ‘elephant trunk,’ stone balustrade, 146. Etiliya, earthen vessel, 220; Pl. V. Etirilla, pl. etirili, cotton cloth, dari, cover for seats, beds, etc., 26, 233; Pls. XXVIII., 1, XXIX., 4, 5. Etipola, a village in the C.P., 76. Etiquette, master and pupil, 49, 51, 64, 68. Et-kanda-lihiniya, elephant-roc, 84, 195; Fig. 16: -koḍiya, flag of Maha Lēkam Department, 38. Ettalapiṭiya, Ūva P., 117. Evil eye, 71, 74. European restlessness, 10, 263: influence, on arts, 255: on architecture, 115, 132: on furniture, 137, 138: on metal work, 91, 149, 198, 200, 202, 206. Eye, representation of in painting, 169: *v.* also nētra maṅgalyaya.

c35.63

F. Faery branches, 99. Fa Hian, 7, 177. Fan, ivory, 4: gold, 205: -handles, Pl. XXXVII., 6-9: ceremonial, *v.* sēsata, avata. Feathers, representation of, Fig. 58. Ferguson, J., 189. Festivals, *v.* maṅgalyaya. Fig-leaf, 101. Filigree, 205: Pls. XLVII., 1, 4, XLVIII., 3, 11, 12, 13, 16, L., 2, 3, 4, 7, 13. Filled vase, bowl, water-pot; auspicious emblems, 5; Fig. 69. Fish, 88, 226: representations, Figs. 69, 137; Pls. I., XXXIV.: -tooth, ivory substitute, 186. Five, colours, viz. red, rata, blue (or green), nila, yellow, kaha, white, sudu, black, kalu, 72, 164, 175, 268: crafts, 63, 263: -fingered ornament, 5: metals, *v.* pas-lō: musical instruments, 26, 174: servants, occupations, 22: weapons of Viṣṇu, 210; Pl. XLVIII., 15, 17. Flags, 38, 39, 84, 85, 88, 89, 240. Fleet, J. F., 116. Flower, offerings, 110, 173, 176: -in-mouth, design motif, 110: -in-pot, do., 98, 239; Pls. VIIIA, XXXIII., 2: -tree, do., Fig. 40. Folk-lore, 70-75, 120-128: circumambulation, 72: charms, 210: gorgon’s head, 74: invisible house, 123: scapegoat, 74: sympathetic magic, 221: tree-worship, 38, 121-125: *v.* also agriculture, ceremonial purity, craft-songs, design, sun and moon, festivals, hare, dēva, diyakeṭima, nekata, bali, yakā, etc. Forbes, Major, 136. Forest, pilgrims passing through, 44: love of, 113: -scenes, Fig. 11; Pl. XVI. Forge, blacksmiths’, 194. Fortifications, 120. Fortplanzende Wellenranke (G.), *v.* branch. Four Workshops, *v.* paṭṭal hatara. Freemasonry, 63. Fret, motif in design, 109; Pl. XXIX., 7. Furnace, iron, 191; Figs. 98, 99: steel, 192; Fig. 100. Furniture, *v.* woodwork.

c35.64

G. Gabaḍā-gama, a Royal Village or Manor, 27, 75, 263: ‘King’s Towns,’ 60, 263. Gabaḍā-gē, a store-room, barn, 120.

c35.65

Gaḍalādeṇiya Vihāra, 39, 120, 145, 146: services of tenants, 76: parasatu, mythical tree mentioned in rock inscription, 94: key-plate from, Fig. 107, VIII.: Dēvāle roof, Pl. VII., 2. Gaḍola, a brick, 225. Gaha, gas, pl. gas, a tree, plant. Gahalagamboḍa, a village, 180. Gahalaya, menial servant, 22. Gahōniya, a bell-shaped cover of cotton material, placed over offering or dues (peṇum, q.v.) carried on a yoke to an overlord or temple, used at Alutsal Maṅgalya, 40: represented at Degaldoruva, 168, 233: described, 233: illustrated, Pl. XXIX., 6. Gaja Bāhu I., A.D. 113-135, invaded S. India, introduced Pattini worship, brought back captives, 6: craftsmen probably amongst the latter, 6, 62. Gaja-siṁhaya, ‘elephant-lion,’ mythical lion with elephant’s head and trunk, flag of Nuvara-kalāviya, 38: described, 88: carved in wood, 129: in stone, as a balustrade, 146: in ivory at Riḍi Vihāra, 185: illustrated, Fig. 25. Gal-biṇḍuva, ‘gem-dot,’ (not ‘set gem’ as translated on p. 108), a border motif derived from gems set in rows, described, 108: in lac-work, 217: illustrated, Fig. 63: prototype, on rim of cup, Pl. XLII., 5; Pl. XLIIIA, 1. Gala, pl. gal, stone, rock, gem. Galēhi (Cyperus corymbosus), a grass used by mat-weavers, 244, 245. Galēveva, a village, 180. Galiheḍa, potter’s stone, 230. Galladda, pl. galladdō, a jeweller, painter, mason, etc., a superior craftsman, 54, 64: one proficient in five crafts called silpācariya, ‘master of craft,’ 68: an ivory-carver, 184: also served in Kuruvē Dept., see Bell, Kēgalla Report, p. 113. Galmaḍuva Geḍigē Vihāra, a stone and brick vihāra, built in a Hindu style, at Galmaḍuva, in the Central Province, 146. Gal-oruva, a stone trough for dyeing priests’ robes. Gal-piyuma, ‘gem-flower,’ ‘gem-lotus,’ a border motif resembling gal-biṇḍu, q.v., on woven cloths, 234: on grass mats, 245, Fig. 143. Gal-sannasa, a charter or grant cut on stone, at Asgiriya, 13: at Gaḍalādeṇiya, 94: at Dambulla, 264: at Devanagala, 264. Gal-tora paṇaya, stock drill, a carpenter’s tool, 142: stone weight, 147: a smith’s tool, 194: illustrated, Fig. 91: in use, Pl. V., 6. Gal-vaḍuva, pl. gal-vaḍuvō, stone-mason, their rank as craftsmen, 54: their numbers, 55: often of Indian derivation, 114, 144: name of a mason recorded in an inscription, 264. Galveva, a village, 180. Gal-vihāraya, a cave temple (Buddhist), 117: see also Dambulla, Degaldoruva, Riḍi Vihāra, Danagirigala. Gama, pl. gam, a village. Gama-rala, the headman of a village, generally an hereditary office in the family of the principal tenant, 30, 263. Gamboge (Garcinia morella, Desr.), v. gokaṭu. Game-boards, 138, 140: illustrated, Pls. XII., 1-3, XLI., 4. Game cloths, 238. Games, 268. Gammahe, headman of a village, 60. Gammalu (Pterocarpus marsupium, Roxb.), 181. Gampola, a town in the C.P., at one time the Sinhalese capital, 9: craftsmen from, working at Beligala, 144: golden image stolen from Niyangampaha Vihāra, 148. Gam-sabhava, village tribunal, 30; held in the village ambalama, 117. Gam-vasama, gan-vasama, tenants of the second rank, 54: their duties, 24. Gaṇa Devi Heḷla, a sort of Gospel of the Infant Gaṇeśa, in verse, a school book, 51: descriptions of paintings quoted, 89, 172: plaster referred to, 89, 166, 172. Gaṇa Dēviyo, Gaṇeśa, worshipped, 46, 72. Gaṇapati kōvil, a temple for the worship of Gaṇeśa, 127. Gaṇaṭa, a village in the C.P., 180. Gaṇḍa, knob, knop, part of a writing style, 208: Fig. 129.

c35.66

Gāndhāra, in North-West India, Græco-Roman Buddhist sculptures, 163: artistic value small, 163, 257: not true Indian art, 254, 256, 257. Gandharva, musicians of Indra’s heaven, 82. Gaṇēgoḍa Vihāra, Ratnapura Dist., Sab., stonework, 114: ‘clerestory’ effect, 118: scarf-joint in beam, 130; Fig. 79: lych gate in wall, 132; Fig. 79: ceiling painting, 104, 105, 168; Fig. 52; Pl. XV. Gaṇēgoḍa Vihāra, Kēgalla Dist., Sab., stone carving at, 145, 146. Gaṇēsha (Gaṇēśa), the Hindu God of Wisdom, son of Śiva by Pārvatī, proportions of image given in the Rūpāvaliya, 113: see also Gaṇa Deviyō. Gaṅgārāma, a vihāra near Kandy, built for Kīrti Śrī Rāja Simha, 12, 17: expenses of the dedication festival (netra pinkama), 56: example of a two-storied constructional vihāra, 118; Pl. VII., 5: gilt stone image of Buddha, 148. Ganges, one of the Seven Sacred Rivers of India, 74. Gaṅgoḍa, a village in the C.P., 180. Ganhatara, a village, 180. Gannoruva, a village in the C.P., close to Kandy, 59. Gannoruva Muhandirama, a craftsman of Gannoruva, 59. Gannoruvē Navaratna Davuṇḍa Ābharaṇa Ācariyā, a craftsman of Gannoruva, 59. Gannoruvē Tikiri Gammahe, a craftsman foreman of Gannoruva, 60. Gan-pandura, a customary gift, rent, 194. Gan-sabhāva, v. gam-sabhāva. Gan-vasama, v. gam-vasama. Garā-yakshaya, garā-yakā, a house demon, devil-dancer’s costume, 239; Pl. XXXIII., 1-3. Garland (mālaya), motif in design, 102: frame of a ceiling painting, Pl. XIV., 4: on belt, Pl. XIV., 5: offerings of, 4: prototype of jewelled necklace, 211. Garuda, mythical bird, vehicle of Viṣṇu, 171; distinct from bheruṇḍa, 85. Gate, of palace, 115; of vihāra garth, 132: the Great Gate, see Mahā Vāsala. Gautama, Gotama, name of Buddha, 246.

c35.67

Gav, = 1/4 yodun = about 4 miles, 144. Gavara, a kind of buffalo, 172. Geḍi-malaya, ‘garland of fruits,’ a kind of necklace, 211; Pl. XLVIII., 4. ‘Gegenstände Lotus-blüth und Palmette’ (G.), design motif, 96. Geiger, Wilhelm, on the Dīpavaṃsa and Mahāvaṃsa, 2, 162. Gems, on jewelled bō-tree at Ruvanvęli Dāgaba, 5: cut ‘en cabochon,’ 147, 209: use of, 210. Genre carving, 146; Pl. XXXIX., 5. Gentlemen-in-waiting, 33, 209. Geographical sense, 74. Geometry, practical knowledge of, 95. Gęṭaya, a knop or knot, 109: see also gęṭa-lanuva, lanu-gęṭaya, gęṭa-liya-pota. Gęṭabēriya, a village in the Kēgalla Dist., Sab., home of the Gopāla Moors, noted for medicinal skill, 195: sannasa, 207. Gęṭa-liya-pota, distinguished from nāga bandha, 88, n.: a scroll or knop of liya-pata work, 100, 109, 129: as ‘stop’ to a chamfer, 133: illustrated, Fig. 44. Gęṭa-pana, pattern of a woven mat, 249. Gettembe, near Kandy, the diya-kēpum-toṭa (q.v.) of the Kandy dēvāles, 39. Gē-valla, wooden fibre-scraper used by mat-weavers, 243. Ghi, ghee (H.), clarified butter, offering of, 126. Gihiya, a foreman, 168. Gijulettu-kaṭuva, gimlet, 142. Gikiyana paṅguva, holding of tenants owing musical service to a dēvāle, 26, 220. Gingelly oil, ingredient of fine plaster, 119: of a dye, 243. Gini-kabala, ‘fire-dish,’ an earthen vessel or dish used as a portable hearth, 208, 216, 222; Pl. XXV., 11. Girāgama Diva Nilame, 213. Girā-pūṭṭuva, design of two parrots with necks entwined, 89; Pl. XXXV., 2. Girā Sandēśaya, ‘The Parrot Messenger,’ an anonymous poem of the fifteenth century, 172. Girava, pl. girav, a parrot, q.v. Giraya, pl. girā, areca-nut slicer, 195, 203; Pl. XLVI., 1-9.

c35.68

Girdles, see jewellery. Girihāgama Valavva, Kandy, 115, 198; Fig. 110. Giriyagamuva, a village, 75. Glue, 182. Goa, 6. Goḍakumbura, a hamlet, 35. Goḍapara (Dillenia retusa, Thunb.), fruits an ingredient of fine plaster, 119. Goḍapola Galladdā, a craftsman, a descendant of Dēvēndra Mulācariya, 142. Goḍavari, one of the Seven Sacred Rivers of India, 74. Gods, Hindu, worshipped by Buddhists in Ceylon, 45, 46: representations of, Fig. 1; Pl. XVIII. See also Bhūmi Dēvi, deva, devatava, Gaṇeśa, Hatara Varan Deviyō, Kataragama Deviyō, Kṛṣṇa, Nātha Deviyō, Saman Deviyō, Viṣṇu, etc. Goglet (gurulettuva), 222. Gokaṭu, gamboge (Garcinia morella, Desr.), yellow pigment, 164, 167: ingredient of a varnish or paste, 181. Gold, ‘armour,’ 209: betel dish, Pl. XLII., 3: betel-leaf box, Pl. XLIX., 10: bowl, 4, 206: chains, 209, 211: chunam-box, Pl. XLVI., 13: the colour of fair skin, 166: crown, 213: damascening, 207: fan 205; Pl. XLII., 2: images, at Ruvanvęli Dāgaba, second century B.C., 5, 259, at Morapaya Vihāra, 71, at Niyangampaha Vihāra, 148, in Rāmāyaṇa, and in Kusa Jātakaya, 259: insignia, royal, 33, of a dēvāle, 39: ‘koku’ sword, 58: ladle or dipper, 4: -lace fringe of shawl, Pl. XXVIII., 4: leaves of jewelled bō-tree, 5: -mounted chank, 188, Pl. XLIII., 4, cup, Pl. XLII., 5: passing (embroidery) 237; Pl. XLI., 2: pendants, 211: as a pigment, 164; Pl. XX., 1, 2: pillars, 4: pinnacle (finial), 173: plate, 205: -plated images, gilt images, 148, 173, 260: -plated throne now at Windsor, 206: plates inscribed with Buddhist scriptures, 58: pokkharanis (miniature tanks), 175: rings, 209, 210; Pl. LI., 1, 2, 3, 5-14: use of, a royal prerogative, 209: case for royal letters, 264: sun emblem, 4: thread, 239: throne, 5: vases, 5: vessels, etc., mentioned in 284

First 68 of 154 passages. Read on

Linked texts (30)