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The Music of Hindostan c21: Glossary and Index

The Music of Hindostan c21

Language
English

Glossary and Index

c21.1

NOTE.—Individual Rāgs and Tāls, Tribes, Localities, and Indian and European Musicians are indexed under those heads. The spelling of the Index is to be preferred whenever it differs from that in the body of the book.

c21.2

abhaṅga, Maratha song, 300. abhigata, upward appoggiatura, 275. ābhog, section of song, 281. ‘Abroad as I was walking’, 128. absolute music, 341 and note. absolute pitch, 148, 149, 249 note. accelerando, Ex. 330. accent and quantity, 191, 192. accidentals, loosely used, 17, 27. āḍa = crooked, 216. ādi or tintāl, common time, 15, 204–17, 231. āditālaḥ, 202, 203. aeolian, 136, 178. aeolo-dorian (change of mode), Ex. 379. Āhvārakas, 258, 259, 264. Ain-i-Akbari, 84, 286. āk, eye, see siyāhī. Akbar, 83. akṣara, syllable, 156, 200–4. ālāp(a), prelude, 186, 235, 281. alcaic, 195, 196. alpa, weak (note), see balin. aṃśa, predominant note, 150, 177, App. I. central note of tessitura, 330 seq. in Bharata, 141. graced, 152. aesthetic effect, 156. contrast to drone, 280. = mesē, 142. see graha. Andaman islands, 208. aṅga, tetrachord, 141. = aṃśa, 142 note. animals, sense of pitch, 149. aniṣṭa, disagreeable; identified with vivādī, 114. antara, interval, 119. section of song, 281.

c21.3

anticlimax avoided, 328. anudātta, ‘not-raised’ sound, 246, 258, 259, 264. anudāttatara, comparative of anudātta, 247, 266. anudruta (quaver), and its subdivisions, 256. anupallavi, section of song, 281. anuṣṭubh, 194. See śloka. anuvādī, imperfect consonance, in particular the major third, 108, 114. appoggiatura, 146–8, 248, 275, 332; Ex. 274. double, 182. Appunn’s Tonmesser, 101. Apsaras, nymph, 76 and note. Arab music, 19, 37, 185. arcika, of the Ṛgveda, 122. Aristoxenus, 103, 114, 121 note, 125, 200 note, 277 note. ārohaṇa, ascending passage, 159, 275. arpeggios as chords, 317. āryā, a metre, 200. ‘ascending’ minor, 138. āsh, the ‘slide’, 183. association, its part in music, 1–3. astai, section of song, 281. aṣṭama (eighth), a note of the Sāman scale, 260. āṭa, or dhamār, a rhythm (5+5+2+2), see Tāl. āṭa, flour, used for tuning drum, 29, 227. Atharvaveda, 249. atihāra, farsed syllable, 276. atikomal, very flat, 107, 142. atikrama, transilience, 274. atisvārya, seventh note of Sāman scale, 260. atīvra, very sharp, 107.

c21.4

augmentation and diminution, 241. Aurangzeb, 83. āvard (āvarta), section, aggregate of bars, 205 note, 218. avarohaṇa, descending passage, 159.

c21.5

bagpipe, see Scotch. bahusāmi, having many melodies, 250. balin, strong (note), 154, 159, 177, 178. Bande Mātaram, Ex. 250. baṇśrī, bamboo flute, 30, 102. bārobāri, normal time, 241. barypyknon, lower note of a cluster, 121. bayan, left hand (drum), 226. beating time, 209. ‘bee-string’, or drone, 79. beggars, &c., 22-4. Behār, its folk-song, 22. Bengal, language, 84, 92. musical system, 122. tune, Ex. 1. see Tagore. bhajan(a), kind of song, 286. bhakti, faith, 286. bhakti, section of Sāman, 255. bhāṣā, dialect, 82, 299. bhatial, boatmen’s song, 7. bīn, North Indian vīṇā, 89. boatmen, 33, 37-41. boat-songs, Ex. 1, 51-77. Böhme, Altdeutsches Liederbuch, Ex. 378. bol, drum-stroke, 227, 229, 233. braces of drum, 226, 227. brāhmaṇa, 246, 249. Brāhma samāj, 162. Breton song, Ex. 73. bṛhaddevatā, treatise, 258. buḍubuḍike, hand drum, 228. Burnell, A. C., 250, 251, 254, 257, 266. Burns, Robert, 250. Butler, Samuel, 162.

c21.6

C major mode, 178. cadence, see close. cadenza (svarā), 282. caraṇam, section of song, 281. Carnatic system, the, 15, 47 note, 139, 149 and note, 150, 209. catuḥśruti, of four śrutis, 118, 119. caturaṅga, form of song, 299. caturguni, double diminution, 241. caturtha, note of Sāman scale, 257 seq. of time, 203. cents, 115, 116 note, 185. chakravādya, tambourine, 34; cp. 228.

c21.7

Chaṇḍīdās, Bengali poet, 286. chanterelle, 88. chanties, 19, 39-41. chapu, syncopated, 210. character of sound, 124. chartāla, ‘four-beat’ (six unit) time, 216. chattu, wall of drum, 226. Chaugan, see caturguṇi. chautāla, see chartāla. chāyālaga, ‘altered’, 138, 139, 153, 155. cheironomy, see musical hand. children’s songs, 68, 69. Chippewas, 163, 174 note; Ex. 457. chords, 100 and note, 317, 318. chorus, see solo and chorus. chromatic scale, 119, 120. notes, 271, 278, 321. Clements, Mr. E., 105, 111, 116, 119 note, 125, 171, App. I. climate, its effect on music, 9, 10, 14. climax, 329. and anticlimax, 320. close, 36, 57, 342. cluster, see Greek. Cock o’ the North, The, Ex. 296. comma of Didymus, 127, 132, 263. compass of songs, 123, 286. of Ṛgveda, 249. of Sāmaveda, 257 seq. of Yajurveda, 249. concerted music, 14, 341. conjunct motion, 48, 160-2, 322-7; Ex. 72. consonance, 108, 141, 261. consonants, 280. convention, its part in music, 1-3, 5. ‘convergence’, 241. counterpoint, 101, 238. cradle songs, 62-7, 90. crescendo, 183. cross-rhythm, 72, 99, 169, 236, 240, 334 seq.; Ex. 41, 42, 48, 86, 129, 139, 333, 334, 336. ‘cumulation’ (of time), 242. Cuttack dance, 59. ‘cyclical’ dactyl, see Greek. cymbals, āghāṭa (Vedic), 78. see also tālam.

c21.8

dādra, form of song, 300; Ex. 177. daina, right hand (drum), 226. dancing, 17, 29-32, 36, 52, 57, 59, 61, 80. dardara, drumming, 245. Day, Captain, v, vi, 18, 200 note, 201, 202 note, 228, 346, 351.

c21.9

day, periods of, 153. ‘deflect’, 88, 183, 190. See dolana. descant, Ex. 273. Deval, Mr., 116, 348. devanāgarī, accents in, 247 note. dhā, drum-beat, see bol. dhā (of time), see bārobāri. dhaivata, note of the scale, 142, 263. dhara, the ‘slide’, 183. dhāraṇalakṣaṇa, musical treatise, 259. dhol, drum, 29, 59, 226–8; Ex. 141, 142, 333, 334. dhrūpad, old Hindu form of song, 160, 286. diatonic intervals, 103, 321. scale, see Greek, nīca. Didymus, see comma. digan, see duni. diminution, see augmentation. diñmātrā, general, i.e. indefinite time, 186. dīrgha, long (prosody), 200, 251 note, 255, 256. disjunct motion, 35, 36, 158, 322. tetrachords, 266. dissimilar tetrachords, 138. dīwal, braces (drum), 226. dolana, the ‘deflect’, 182, 183. dolu, see dhol. dominant, 178, 317. ‘dor-aeolian’, pentatonic, 135. dorian, 136, 178; Ex. 333. doric, 47 note. See Greek tetrachord. Dravidian, see Carnatic. drone, 31, 79, 137, 141 note 2, 171–4, 208, 263, 330, 344. drum and drumming, 10, 15, 24, 53, 76–9, 83, 89, 228, 230; Ex. 330–5. druta, quick note, 200. quick tempo, 241. duni, diminution, 241. duration, see stress. dviguṇi, see duni. dvitīya, note of Sāman scale, 257 seq. of time, 203.

c21.10

ecclesiastical music, 3, 4, 6, 70, 147, 169, 179, 255, 266, 275 note. ekasāmi, having one melody, 250. Ellis, A. J., 115 note, 184 note. emotional content of music, 5, 6, 155, 340. See ēthos. English verse, reading of, 202. epithalamium, Ex. 163. equal temperament, 118, 344. equivalence, 199, 200. Erewhon, 162.

c21.11

ēthos, 20, 153–6. European drumming, 225. European folk-song, 128, 134, 135, 154 and Table opposite; Ex. 193, 208, 209, 461. European mediaeval songs, 84. European modes, 47 note, 137, 138, 169 and note, 177, 178. European music, 2, 18, 339, 340. European musicians: Adam de la Hale, 343. Bach, 173 note; Ex. 290, 328, 335, 470–3, 487. Bantock, Ex. 271. Beethoven, 343; Ex. 239, 240, 262, 290, 318, 337, 338, 443, 444, 462, 467, 478, 479, 485, 491, 492. Berlioz, 341 note. Brahms, 136, 224; Ex. 182, 290, 339, 446, 463, 480, 481, 490. Chopin, Ex. 321. Ducoudray, 164. Dufay, 84. Franz, 335 note. Gevaert, 103 note, 173 note. Guido d’Arezzo, 343. Handel, 220; Ex. 262, 323, 329. Haydn, Ex. 319, 320. Henschel, 91. Hucbald, 266. Josquin des Prés, 343. Luther, 177; Ex. 466. Mendelssohn, 322; Ex. 290, 293. Mozart, Ex. 443, 444, 464, 475–7. Orlando Gibbons, 278. Palestrina, 84; Ex. 169. Purcell, Ex. 488. Schubert, 133, 341 note; Ex. 290, 451, 456, 458, 474, 486. Scott, Cyril, 224. Smetana, 133. Spohr, 182, 321, 341 note. Stanford, 164. Strauss, Ex. 262. Stravinsky, 224. Sullivan, Ex. 468. Tallis, 343. Thomé, Ex. 290. Tschaikowsky, 208 note, 220, 223, 335 note; Ex. 324, 325. Tye, 343. Vaughan Williams, Ex. 207. Wagner, 12, 133, 182, 208, 224, 321 and note; Ex. 236–8, 262, 448, 483. Weelkes, 206. Wesley, Ex. 290.

c21.12

European rhythm, 218 seq. European songs and singers, 340. evening, see day. Exner, Herr F., 267.

c21.13

*fakīr*, a begging ascetic, 22, 23. false relation, 132. *falsetto*, 286. feet in Indian versification, 196. Felber, Dr. E., 248, 267. Fifth, see Fourth. Finland, 204. *Fitzwilliam Virginal Book*, Ex. 377. five-rhythm, 203, 204, 222 seq.; Ex. 339. flute, bamboo, 9, 78. See *baṃśī*. scales, 101-4. folk-song, see European. form (in melody), 337, 338, 339. four-bar section, 218-20; Ex. 339. Fourth (the interval), 25, 31, 48, 69, 70, 103, 124, 150, 173, 277.

c21.14

*ga-grāma*, 106, 110, 111; Ex. 352. *gamak*, see grace. two kinds, 182, 183. *gāna*, text of *Sāmaveda* as sung, 251, 255. *gāndhāra*, note, scale, locality, 142, 262, 263. *Gāndharvas*, 76 and note. *gāthika*, non-Vedic, 122. *gati*, farsed syllable, 275. *gaṭṭa*, tuning blocks (drum), 226. *gāyatrī*, a metre, 194. gesture, see singing. *gharṣaṇa*, the ‘slide’, 182. *ghasit*, the ‘slide’, 183. *ghazal*, form of song, 300; Ex. 333. *ghe*, one of the drum-strokes, 227. Gilchrist, Miss, see Scotch music. gipsies, 13, 46, 62 note. See Magyars. *Gīta-Govinda*, by Jayadeva, 157, 187. *Gītānjali*, by Tagore, Ex. 267. Goorkha regiment, first, 56 note. second, 57-9. *Gopīs*, Krishna’s houris, 78. grace, 17, 19, 22, 27, 32, 56, 59, 90, 181-90, 227, 281. graduated scale of trochees, 211. *graha*, initial (note), 141, 153 and note, 277 and note. *grāma*, 82, 106, 109, 148. See *sa-grāma*, *ma-grāma*, *ga-grāma*. *grāmarāga* (see *melakarta*), 119, 120. gramophone, 16. Greece, 8, 122,

c21.15

Greek absolute pitch, 148, 260. chromatic scale, 120 note. *chronos prōtos*, 199, 251 note. consonance, 266. cyclical dactyl, 211. diatonic scale, 120. *diesis*, 103 note. drone, 140, 141. enharmonic scale, 121. *harmoniā*, 140, 141. *hypatē*, 257. *mesē*, 142. modes, 47 note, 179. musicians, see Aristoxenus, Didymus, Olympos, Plutarch, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Thamyris. *pyknon*, 121, 247 note. rhythm, 204. singing, 277 and note. tetrachord, 140, 262, 263, 266, 276. *tonoi miktoi*, 139. *tonos*, 140 seq. Gurkhas, tribe in the Himālaya, Ex. 94-124, 127, 128. *guru*, long note, 196, 200, 256. priest, 251.

c21.16

*haṇ*, yes, 235; cp. 57. hand clapping, 33, 48. *harmoniā*, see Greeks. harmonic minor, 138. harmonium, 16, 18, 63 note, 163 and note. harmonization, 3, 4, 31, 164, App. I. harmony, 4, 19, 101, 163, 180, App. I. Haug, 246 note, 247, 250. Hindostani music, 47 note, 139, 149 and note, 150, 216. history, Indian, see India. *hrasva*, short (prosody), 200, 251 note, 255, 256. Hungarians, 5. See Magyars.

c21.17

iambs and trochees, 211. imitation, 48, 72, 179. India, climate, effect of, 9. Indian history, 73, 74. Indian instruments, 9-13, 77-80, 88, 89, 101, 228. Indian music, 11-13, 75-86, 340-3. Indian musicians: Ashreka Ganga Ram, 151, 345. Balwant Rao, 151. Banerji, Sourendro, 88. Bhāgavatār of Trivandrum, 89. Bharata, 105, 112-17, 139, 347. Deval, Krishnaji Ballal, 116, 348.

c21.18

Indian musicians (*continued*): Jayadeva, 83, 157, 286. Mān, Rajah, 287. Mārār, 85, 86. Miranbaksh, 228, 237. Mudaliar, Chinnaswami, 156, 346. Nanne Khan, 230. Nārada, 75. Panna, 236. Pingle, 151, 230, 285 note, 346. Prabhu, Chandra, 90. Rāmachandra of Trivandrum, 89. Ray, Upendrakisor, 152, 161, 162, 166. Sahasrabuddhe, Trimbak Balwant, 151. Śār(a)ṅgadeva, 105, 154. Seshanna of Mysore, 86, 87. Sharqi of Jaunpur, Mahmud, 287. Shori (songstress), 300. Somanāth, 105, 347. Subbanna of Mysore, 86, 87. Tagore, Rabindranath, *vide sub voce*. Tagore, Rajah S. M., 285, 347 seq. Tānsen, Miyan, 83, 84. Tiagarāja, 84–6; Ex. 379. Tuka Rām, 300. Tumburu, 75, 76. Indian mythology, 76. rhythms in European music, 223, 224. singing, 13. infinite series, 125. instrumental, *see* vocal. instruments, *see* Indian. intensity of sound, 123. intervals, the Fourth, 31, 44, 327. mediately and immediately perceived by the ear, 125. quarter-tone, 108, 113, 117 seq. septimal, 125. sharpened, 104. the Third, 36, 325. three-quarter tone, 21, 38, 39, 184. tone and semitone, 101 and note, 109, 110 note. vocal and unvocal, 322 seq. intonation, 17, 18, 27, 100–33. Irish pentatonic, 126 note. iṣṭa, agreeable, identified with *anu-vādī*, 114.

c21.19

jagatī, a metre, 194. jātaka stories, 74 and note, 78, 80, 81. jāti, species, Bharata’s name for *Rāg*, 112, 113, 140, 155. jāttrā, mystery play, 286.

c21.20

Jayadeva, author of *Gita-Govinda*, 83, 157, 286. jayaghaṇṭa, gong, 79. jhil or dhun, ‘ungraced’ melody, 160, 286. jubilum, ‘jubilation’ of Plainsong, 250, 255, 276.

c21.21

kabī, song of question and answer, 287. kaiśiki, hair’s-breadth, 119. kākali, flat, 119. kalā, ¼ of *anudruta*, 256. kāla, speed-unit, 241. kanār, rim of drum-wall, 227. kanjari, tambourine, 228. karadivādya, arm-drum, 228. karane, see *āṭa* (of drum). karkhā, Rajput song, 300. karṣaṇa, ligature, 257, 275. kathā, form of song, 287. Kauthumas, a sect, 261. Keats, 192. khālī, the blank beat, 29, 30, 57, 61, 208, 209, 230. kharaj, drone, 280. khyāl, a kind of song, 165, 287. kinnara, stringed instrument, 76 and note, 81.

c21.22

kīrtana, song (Bengali), 286. kīrtanam, song (South India), 282. kokkara, instrument of percussion, 44, 45, 228. komal, flat, 107, 108, 142. Krishna, 26, 76, 83, 286. kṛṣṭa, ‘graced’, supplied with ligature (*karṣaṇa*), 257. kṛti, song (South India), 84, 282. kruṣṭa, first note of *Sāman* scale, 257, 261. kruṣṭādi, ‘kruṣṭa, &c.’, 257. kuzhal (*kural*), South Indian pipe, 32 and note.

c21.23

laghu, short (note), 196, 200, 256. laraz, fifth string of *satār*, 78. lascar, sailor, 19. laya, tempo, 82, 241. legend, *see* India. limma of Pythagoras, 127, 132. Localities: Achilgarh, 60. Allahabad, 231; Ex. 9–13. Alleppey, Ex. 51–4. Amritsar, 231. Bangalore, 251, 252; Ex. 17–26. Bhavnagar, 60, 90, 209, 229.

c21.24

Localities (continued): Bombay, 231; Ex. 3, 7. Calcutta, 24, 88, 91-9, 231, 267, 271, 272; Ex. 16. Dehra Dun, 53-9. Dharmsāla, 56. Gāndhāra, 262. Gwālior, 8, 151, 287. Jaunpur, 287. Jhelum, 59, 60, 68, 69, 231. Lahore, 230, 231. Madras, 86, 87, 248, 251, 266, 269; Ex. 6, 27. Maratha songs, Ex. 92, 93, 161-3. Mussouri, Ex. 14, 15. Mysore, 9, 86, 230, 251, 252, 273 note. Nagpur, Ex. 28. Negapatam, Ex. 72, 74-7. Peshawar, 262. Pind Dādan Khān, 231. Poona, 247, 324, 340; Ex. 4, 5. Raipur (C. P.), Ex. 29, 30. Tanjore, 8, 9, 46, 84, 85, 253, 268; Ex. 90, 91. Trichur, and neighbourhood, Ex. 31-50. Trivandrum, 88, 89; Ex. 78-89. Vraj, 299. locrian (mixolydic) mode, 278. long by position (syllables), 255. Loti, see Pierre. lotus, its connotation, 161 and note. lullabies, see cradle songs. derivation, 62 note.

c21.25

maddale, cylindrical drum, 228; Ex. 37, 48. madhya, middle (octave), 107, 114. middle (śruti), 108 and note. of tempo, moderato, 241. madhyādi, a form of common time, 207. madhyama, 142 seq. ma-grāma, 106, 110, 136, 140; Ex. 351. Magyars, 186. Mahābhārata, 114, 264, 287. mahāvyutpatti, dictionary, 155. Mahommedan music, 16, 62, 89, 90, 125, 203, 287, 300. Maitra, Mr. S. M., 6, 7. major Third, see interval. major Tone, see interval. mālavikāgnimitra, play, fifth cent., 82. Malay Archipelago, 204. mandra, low, 114. lower octave, 107. note of Sāman scale, 260.

c21.26

mandragati, lower tetrachord, 140. māṇḍūkiśikṣā, treatise, 259. mantras (spells), recitation of, 201. Maoris, 260. Maratha songs, see localities. mātrā, time-unit, 82, 156, 211, 256. mātrāla kṣaṇa, treatise, 256. mātrāvṛtta, ‘time-unit-fixed’, 193. mediaeval Europe, 203. melakarta, group of Rāgams, 47 note, 106, 120 note, 139. melodic figure, 70, 158, 159, 276. melody, 4, 48, 49, 69-72, 100, 174, Chap. XII. memoria technica, 120 note, 139, 209. ‘merging’, 118, 119, 127. mesē, see Greek. mesopyknon, 121. middle note of three, 121, 208. Milton, 202, 203. mīnd, the ‘deflect’, 183. mīrh = mīnd. miśra, ‘mixed’, 138, 155. miśrāb, plectrum, 88. mixolydian (hypophrygic) mode, 135, 136. mixolydic, see locrian. mode, see scale and mode, European modes, and 217 (of time). modulation, 136, 137. Mohammedan, see Mahommedan. mood, 5, 8, 107, 174. mordent, see grace and 152. morning, see day. morris dancers, 16, 31. mṛcchakaṭikā, play, sixth cent., 76, 81. mṛdanga, drum, 10, 89, 226, 227. mūrchana, mode, 82, 107, 113, 141. mūrchana, grace note, 106, 152, 281, 286. mūrki, trill, 300. musica ficta, 42, 134, 152, 175, 178, 275 note. musical Ass, the, 82. musical hand, the, 260, 261, 264. Myers, Dr. C. S., 48 note.

c21.27

nāgari, kettle-drum, 228. nāgasaram (South India) or shahnai or surnai (North India), oboe of strident tone, 46, 59, 78, 236, 237. naqqārah, see drum. Nārada, patron saint of music, 74, 75, 76. nāradaśikṣā, treatise on music, 74, 75, 259, 264. nasal tone, see singing.

c21.28

nāṭyaśāstra of Bharata, 74, 75, 105, 193. nīca, low, diatonic, 271, 278. nidhana, coda of Sāman, 254, 275. niṣāda, note of scale, 142, 263. North American Indians, see Chippe-was. notation, vi, 83, 157, 267, 273. notes kept in reserve, 329. nyāsa, final (note), 141, 153, 277 note.

c21.29

‘occupation’ songs, 19–26. Olympos, 76. omvi, Maratha song, 300, 337. organ, 162. Organum, 163; Ex. 272. oxypyknon, 121.

c21.30

Pachtikos, 141, 156. pada, song, 286. pāda, quarter-verse, 193, 286. pallavi, section of song, 86, 281. pañcama, fifth note of secular scale, 142. fifth note of Sāman scale, 260. of time, 203. Pañcatantra, fables about the fifth cent., 82. parand, drum-variant, 230, 231. partials, see upper partials. participant, 178. parvan, what can be sung in one breath, 200, 251, 255, 276. passing notes, see substantive. Pater, Renaissance, 340. pentatonic scales, 122, 123, 126 and note, 135; Ex. 353. perfect consonance, see saṃvāditva. Petrie, 126 note. phonograph, 17, 50, 90. phonographed tunes, Ex. 42, 43, 103, 154–7, 330, 333, 334, 356, 357, 359, 360, 364, 365. See pp. 48 note and 348. phrygian (doric) mode, 178, 276–8. pianoforte, 16, 18. picotta, water-raising apparatus, 21, 22. Pierre Loti’s L’Inde, 10–14. plagal tunes, rare, 48. Plain-song and Sāman, 250, 255, 275 note. pluta, prolate (prosody), 200, 255, 256. Plutarch, 130, 173 note. Polak, Herr, 164. ‘popular’ music, 152, 340, 341. povāḍa, chivalric song, Maratha country, 46, 300. pracaya, ‘drone’ note of Sāman, 247, 258, 265. prakṛti, substantive (notes), 273. pramāṇa, indicative, determining (śruti), viz. the comma of Didymus, 112 seq. prastāra, changes (as in bell-ringing), 155. prastāva, introduction, 253. prathama, note of Sāman scale, 257 seq. pratihāra, section of Sāman, 254. prati-madhyama, ‘false’ madhyama, 119, 133, 139. pratyutkrama, acciaccatura, 275. prosody, 196, 203. Ptolemy, 140. pūrvārcika of the Sāmaveda, 250. puṣpasūtra, treatise, 258, 261, 274. pyknon, see Greek. Pythagoras, see limma.

c21.31

quantitative language, 191. quarter-tones, 129, 130, 151, 345. quintal harmony, 124, 173, 277. quintuple, see five-rhythm.

c21.32

| Rāg | Instances Examples | Discussion Pages |
| Alahiya | | 318. |
| Āsāvari | 410–12 | 170, 171, 318. |
| Bāgeshrī (Bageshvari) | 402 | 90. |
| Bahār | 401 | |
| Behāg (Bihāg) | 220, 482 | 50, 152, 158, 171, App. I. |
| Bhairau (Bhairo, Bhairav) | 216, 294, 426 | 122, 156, 171, 173. |
| Bhairavī | 175, 176, 419–21, 447 | 83, 90, 156, 170, 318. |
| Bhimpalās(ī) | 405, 406 | 170, 174, 210. |
| Bhūp(kaliān) (= Mohanna Rāgam) | 306, 383 | 83, 90, 173, App. II. |
| Bibhās(a) | | |

c21.33

| Rāg | Instances Examples | Discussion Pages |
| Bilāskhānī Toḍī | 218 | |
| Bilāvala | 387 | |
| Darbārī Kānaḍā | 413–15 | |
| Desh | 221, 394, 395 | 171. |
| Dhanāshrī | 408, 409 | |
| Dīnkapūria | | 155. |
| Dīpak (= Māravā) | | 155. |
| Gaula | 450 | |
| Gaurī | 433 | 318. |
| Hamīr(kalīān) | 384 | 159, 171. |
| Hindol(a) | 381 | 154. |
| Jhinjoti (Jhijhit) | 179, 219, 308, 393 | 170, 171, 318. |
| Jogī | 425 | 154, App. II. |
| Kāfī | 180, 301, 399, 400 | 89, 170, 318. |
| Kālaṅgaḍā | 424 | |
| Kalīān(ī) | 268, 382 | 89, 156, 159, 170, 318. |
| Kamod(kalīān) | | 159. |
| Kānaḍā | 416, 493 | 154, 171, App. II. |
| Keḍārā | 278–81, 388–92 | 175. |
| Khamāj (Khambāz) | 178, 300, 398 | 89, 171, 318. |
| Lalat(a) | 436, 437 | 318. |
| Lalit(a) | | 152. |
| Mālkos (Mālavakauns) | 380, 407 | 150, 173, App. II. |
| Mallār(a) (Malhār(a)) | 404 | 318. |
| Manḍ | 226, 307 | |
| Māravā | 438, 439 | App. II. |
| Multān(ī) | 429 | 121, 152, App. II. |
| Myāchā Mallār | 403 | |
| Paraj(a) | 435 | 318. |
| Pilu | 417, 418 | 128, 318. |
| Pūria(kalīān) | 440 | 170. |
| Pūrvī | 432 | 318. |
| Rāmkalī | 422, 423 | 318, App. II. |
| Sārang | 330, 397 | 126, 154, 174, 175. |
| Shām(kalīān) | | 155, 159. |
| Sindora | 334 | |
| Sohanī | 264, 434, 449 | |
| Sorat | 396 | |
| Śrī-(rāg(a)) | 430, 431 | 318. |
| Tilaṅg(a) (Tilak) | | 171. |
| Toḍī | 217, 427, 428 | 121, 173, 318, App. II. |
| Vasant(a) (Basant) | 298, 299 | 83, 90, 155, 170, 186. |
| Yaman(kalīān) (Iman-kalīān) | 265–7 | 90, 159, 171, App. I. |

c21.34

| *Rāgam* (see p. 107) | *Instances* | *Discussion* |
| Abhogī | 353 | |
| Ārabhī | | 174. |
| Gaurī-manoharī | | 155. |
| Mayamālavagaula | | 120. |
| Mohanna | 173 | 86, 210. |
| Mūkhārī | | 119, 120. |
| Nārāyaṇī | 386 | |
| Ritigaula | 379 | |
| Śaṅkarābharaṇa | 308, 385 | |
| Śrī(rāgam) | | 86. |

c21.35

rāga, particularization of mode, 8, 14, 15, 44, 56, 82–4, 89, 90, 107 and note, 112, 282, and Chap. VI. rāgavibodha, treatise by Somanātha, 74, 105, 106, 155, 182 note, 186. rāgmāla, ‘picture’ of a Rāg, 163 note. Rāmāyaṇa, the, 287. ratnākara, treatise by Śārṅgadeva, 74, 105, 110, 111, 119, 201 and note, 202 note. Ray, Indu Bhūṣan, poet, 6. recitation, 201, 267. reckoning by akṣara, 200, 201. by mātrā, 204 seq. rekhtu, form of song, 300. religious basis of music, 5, 6. resonance of drum, 29, 227. rests, 192, 193, 200. Ṛgveda accent, 246 seq., 260, 265. recitation, Ex. 340. rhythm, 27, 29, 49, 72, 98; Ex. 34, 42, 72, 129, 141; see Chap. VIII. ṛkprātiśākhya, treatise, 114, 258. roha (= ārohaṇa), 275. route through India, 17. ṛṣabha, 142, 263.

c21.36

ṣadja, ‘born of six’ (note of the scale), 142, 263. sa-grāma, the, 106, 109, 136, 140, 343; Ex. 350. ‘sailor’s life, A’, 135. sālanka, ‘altered’, 138, 139, 155. Salvation Army, 6, 43. sam, the first of the bar, 208 and note, 226, 230, 231, 322. sama, applied to a note of the Sāman scale, 260. sāman, hymn melody, Chap. X. scale, 258, 259, 263. chants, see Ex. 344–8, 356, 357, 359, 360, 364, 365. sāma-paribhāṣā, 258, 274. Sāmaveda, 80, 142, 190, and Chap. X. saṃhata, struck together = saṃvādī, 114. saṃhitā, text of Veda, 249. sāmika, of the Sāmaveda, 122. sampūrṇa, heptatonic, 122. saṃvādī, perfect consonance, 108, 114, 138, 145, 266. saṃvāditva, theory of consonance, 111, 261 seq. sañcāri, section of song, 281. śaṅkha, conch, 79. saṅkīrṇa, ‘mixed’, 138, 153, 155.

c21.37

sannatara, lower than anudātta, 247. Sanskrit language, 10, 190–3. poems recited, Ex. 8, 346. authorities, 74, 80, 105. sapphic, 195. saptaka, octave, 107. saraband rhythm, 213, 223. Saraswatī, goddess of music, 16. śārdūla vikrīḍita, a metre, Ex. 307. sargam, see svarā. satār, musical instrument, 78, 106, 172. scale, Chap. IV. See Greek and Sāman. scansion, 193–200, 338. schools of music, 9. Scotch music, 71, 126 note, 174 note, 184, 185. Scott’s ballad metre, 193. ‘Seeds of Love’, the, 154. Seligmann, Dr., 48 note. semitone, see interval. septimal interval, see interval. Śeṣagiri Śāstrī, 248 note, 250, 263. ṣāḍava, hexatonic, 122. shahnai or surnai, see nāgasaram. Shakespeare, 169. sharp and flat, 107, 108. sharp Sixth, 122, 125, 127. ṣaṭkāla, six-fold speed (treble diminution), 85, 86, 241. śatśruti, of six śrutis, 118, 119. śikhariṇī, a metre, 197. similar tetrachords, 138. singāra, stringed instrument, 31. singing, 89–91. Sir William Jones, 187. siyāhī, black plaster on drum, 227. ‘slide’, 66, 88, 190. See gharṣaṇa. śloka, ‘flowing’ metre, 193, 194. snake-charmer, 208; Ex. 274. solmization, 84, 149; cp. the musical hand. solo and chorus, Ex. 3, 9, 17, 18, 42, 54, 58, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 115, 122, 129. soma, plant, 249, 250. song, 78, 80–4, 341. sopānam, temple songs, South India, 43. South Indian scale, see Carnatic. ‘Sovay, Sovay’, 134. śṛṅga, horn, 79. śruti, enharmonic interval or note, 112, 113, 117, 127 and note, 132, 133. sthāna, voice-register, 82, 114. sthayi, see astai.

c21.38

stobha, jubilation, 250, 255, 276, 338. stoma, group, 255. stotra, stanza, 255. stress and duration, 192, 223. ‘strong’, see balin. structure, 337-9. ‘substantive’ and ‘passing’ notes, 4, 100; see 141. śuddha, pure, natural diatonic, 107, 118, 119, 138, 153, 155. śukra, applied to a note of the Sāman scale, 260. ‘super-particular’ fractions, 124. superscript accidentals, 17, 108, 109. surāvarta, see svarā. surbahār, instrument, 88, 172. surnai, see nāgasaram. surphakt(a) (sulafakata), ‘zigzag’ time, 216, 241; Ex. 111. See Tāl. svara, diatonic or chromatic interval or note, 82, 107, 109 note, 142. svarā (sargam, svarāvarta, surāvarta), sol-fa syllables to form cadenza, 84 and note, 85, 299, 314, 315, 342. svāra, cadence, 264, 275. svaramela-kalānidhī, treatise, 105, 119. svarāntara, of four notes, 123. svarita, Rgveda accent, 190, 246. ‘sounded’ or graced note of Sāman, 258, 259, 265, 275. symbols of notation, 18, 200, 201.

c21.39

tabla, pair of drums, 226, 227. Tagore, Rabindranāth, of Calcutta, 91-9. his melodies, 92, 99. his songs, Ex. 176-80, 263, 264, 266. his portrait (frontispiece), 92. his method, 96 note, 250. Tagore, Rajah S. M., 285 note, 347, 348, 351.

c21.40

| Tāl | Instances Examples | Discussion Pages |
| Āḍa-chautāl(a) (=Dhruva) | 330 | 216, 217. |
| Ādi (=Tīntāl) | 173, 308, 398 | 209. |
| Āṭa (=Dhamār) | 315, 316 | 209. |
| Brahma | | 242. |
| Chautāl(a), or Chartāl(a) | 334, 403, 405, 413, 426, 428 | 216, 217. |
| Dādra (=Eka Trisra) | 177 | |
| Deśādi | 309, 379 | |
| Dhamār | 333, 391, 399, 412, 436 | 216. |
| Dhruva | | 209. |
| Eka (Ekka, Ektāl(a), Ekatālī) | 178-80, 267 | 209, 216. |
| Eka Trisra | 388, 390, 393-5, 407, 411, 415, 416, 419, 433 | |
| Jhampa (Jhap, Jap) | 266, 314 | 201, 209, 216, 217, 218. |
| Jhamra | 425, 429 | |
| Khaṇḍajāti Laghu | 311 | 216. |
| Khaṭṭ | | |
| Madhyādi | 310 | 216. |
| Madhyamāvatī | | 216. |
| Māṇṭ (=Mātya, and Surphakta) | 280 | 201. |
| Matta | | 216. |
| Mātya | 172 | 209. |
| Rūdra | | 242. |
| Rūpak | 312, 381, 383, 384, 392, 397, 400, 401, 402, 408, 410, 414, 417, 418, 420, 421, 423, 427, 430, 432, 435, 437, 438 | 209, 216, 218. |

c21.41

| Tāl | Instances Examples | Discussion Pages |
| Savārī | | 242. |
| Surphak(a)t(a) (Sulafakata) | 263, 264, 431 | 216, 217. |
| Tevra (Teora) (=Tripuṭa) | 176, 294, 306, 382, 385, 386, 404 | 216-18. |
| Tintāl (Titāl(a), Tritāla, Trivata) | 300, 301, 387, 389, 396, 406, 409, 422, 424, 434, 439 | 208, 216. |
| Tripuṭa | 313, 440 | 209. |

c21.42

tāl, beat, 208, 217 note. tāla, time, 14, 83, 89, 90. tāla(m), cymbal, Ex. 42, 86. tambūra, stringed instrument to accompany voice, 78, 85, 171, 173, 227. Tamil, 120 note. tāna, fioriture, melodic figuration, 82, 287. tappa, form of song, 188, 300. tāra, high (octave), 106, 114. tāragati, upper tetrachord, 140. tarāna (tillāna), form of song, 299. Telugu, 84. tempering, 118. tempo, see druta, madhya, vilambita, kāla. tertian harmony, 125, 277. tessitura, 4, 107, 143, 279, 280. tetrachord, 70, 71, 121 note, 128 and note, 141, 260. See Greek. teyāttam, exorcism, 34. thā, augmentation, 241. Thamyris, 76. thāṭ, setting, 106. theka, drum-phrase, 230, 231; Ex. 330, 336. Third, see interval. thumri, form of song, 165, 299; Ex. 268. Thurston, Mr. E., 48 note. ‘tierce de Picardie’, 132, App. I. tillāna, see tarāna. time, see Tāl, Tāla, tāl. time of day, see day. tīvra, sharp, 107, 108. tīvratar, tīvratam, sharper and sharpest, 107. tonality, 19. tonic, 18, 19, 36, 48, 144, 145. tonos, see Greek. transilient scales, 48, 122-7, 128, 152, 158, 263. tribal song, 154.

c21.43

Tribes: Arabs, 37. Chitrālī, Ex. 138. Garhwālī, 50-7. Gond, 28-31. Gurkha, 56-9. Kadar, 31. Kāfīr, Ex. 139. Kānika, 44, 45. Kanwar, 31. Malayan, 36. Malya, 31, 32. Pāṇan, 34. Pāndaran, 41. Pulaiyar, 42. Velan, 33. triṣṭubh, a class of metre, 194. tritone, 103, 104. trivata, form of song, 299. Troubadours, 8. tṛtīya(h) = third, of time, 203, 207. note of Sāman scale, 257 seq. tūk, movement (of song), 300. tuning of drum, 227. twelve sorrows, the, 61, 62.

c21.44

ucca, high, chromatic, 271, 278. udātta, ‘raised’ sound, 246, 258, 259, 265, 266. udghāta, downward appoggiatura, 275. udgītha, section of Sāman, 253. udukku or udukkai drum, shaped like hour-glass, 43, 228. udupe, goblet-shaped drum, 228. upadrava, section of Sāman, 254. upendravajra, metre, 194-6. upper partials, 123, 124. uṣṇiḥ, a metre, 194. ustād, professional musician, 89, 301. ut queant laxis, 84, 85. uttama, see tāra. uttarārcika of the Sāmaveda, 250.

c21.45

vādī, unison, i.e. starting point of consonance, 108. vakra, crooked, 153, 328. valam, covered boat, Travancore, 38, 39. varek, the ‘deflect’, 183. variation form, Ex. 12, 27, 38, 42, 43. varja, transilient (q.v.). varṇavṛtta, ‘syllable-fixed’, 193. vasanta-tilaka, a metre, 197; Ex. 280. vibhāg, see āvard. vikrta, chromatic, 107. passing-note, 273. vilambita, adagio, 241. vīṇā, stringed instrument, 9, 78, 79, 88, 112, 148, 171, 172, 183, 227. vinata, lengthened appoggiatura, 275. violin, 8, 162. virāma, rest (in music), 200 and note, 256, 276. ‘visual’ music, 342. vivādī, dissonance, in particular the semitone, 108. vocal and instrumental, 150. vocalizing syllables, 23, 280. vocal scale, 276-9. vṛddha, increased (prosody), 251, 255, 256.

c21.46

warka, drumhead, 227. watch, see day. ‘weak’, see alpa. whole tone consonance, 173. Wilson, Lady, 164, 226. ‘woods so wilde, the’, Ex. 377. words of songs, 14, 50, 53.

c21.47

Yajurveda, 248. yama, twins, 114. Yāma, death, 78. yoni, a borrowing fro the Ṛgveda, 250.

c21.48

Zakmi Dil, Ex. 123. Zalzal, Arabian musician, 185. zamzama, see mūrki. Zoroastrians, 250.

c21.49

Date Due

c21.50

| MAR 1 8 1951 | | |
| NOV 2 1 1952 | | |
| MAR 3 54 | | |
| MAR 2 6 '54 | | |
| JAN 1 8 '56 | | |
| T2 | | |
| DEC 2 1 1974 | | |
| MAY 1 6 1980 | | |
| | | |

c21.51

ML 338 .F79

c21.52

Fox Strangways, A. H. 1859- 1949.

c21.53

The music of Hindostan This image is of the front cover of a book. It contains no text or content to transcribe.

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