Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c18.s4.t1.20

c18.s4.t1.20

The contents (Ibid., pp. 226-229) of the Chapter 7, when taken together give a good idea of the ancient fortified cities. "They may be circular, square or rectangular. They are surrounded with moats (Parīkha) enclosure wall (Prākāra) and ramparts (Vapra) and are furnished with various entrances, exits and gateways (Pratolī). Circumambulating flight of steps (Pradakshina sōpāna) and secret stair cases in the walls (Gūdha bhitti sōpāna) are constructed. Towers are built on enclosure walls and war like weapons are kept therein. In the interior are constructed tanks, ponds, canals etc. Various kinds of roads are constructed and buildings for different castes and professions are created in the suitable manner."