Defence Architecture in Early North Karnataka c6.2

c6.2

| The Kāginā river forming as the natural impassable moat along the North-westerly wing of the fort wall, Maḷkhēḍ. | - | D1 |
| Western gate-way of the outerfort. Above the Rāshṭrakūṭa fortificational ruins the additions and alterations made by the medieval Muslim kings, are visible, Maḷkhēd. | - | D2 |
| High bulbous bastions with crenellations, Bulbous bastion is a unique feature of defensive measure in the Maḷkhēḍ fortificational walls, Maḷkhēd. | - | D3 |
| Outer fortificational walls with rectangular bastions, in ruins of roughly dressed huge blocks of stones, of small rubbles and clay in hearting, Maḷkhēḍ. | - | D4 |
| Gateway No. III, flanked by bastions on sides with battlements on the top, and loop-holes for shooting operation. In the place of present permanent bridge now connecting gate-ways No. II and III, there might have been a drop bridge, then, Kalyāṇa. | - | E1 |
| Gate-way No. IV with bulbous arches, the crenellations over the apex point, of the Muslim period, Kalyāṇa. | - | E2 |
| A general view of the 3 enclosure fortification walls in different levels. The moat skirts the II and III walls, Kalyāṇa. | - | E3 |
| Gun pivoted bastions within the semi-circular hollow bastions on the II fortification wall, Kalyāṇa. | - | E4 |
| A stepped well mid-way of the South wing of II fortification wall, serving as a secret passage also. Note the neat Aslar masonry work, from South, Kalyāṇa. | - | E5 |
| Moat around the citadel wall, from the North, Hāngal. | - | F1 |
| The brick core wall of the enclosure No. II, from South, Hāngal. | - | F2 |