The Antiquities of Orissa v1.c10.498.2

v1.c10.498.2

Such ornamented chariots were intended for ordinary use, and they were also provided with hoods or coverings, tops and screens for protection from sun and rain, and other appliances. In the *Dictionary* of Amara Siṁha, separate names are given for such vehicles, such as *Dvaipa* and *Vaiyāghra* for cars having coverings of tiger skins; *Pāṇḍukambalya*, *Kāmbala*, *Vāstra*, for woolen-covered cars; *Puṣparatha*, non-military car, *&c.* Hemacandra, in his Sanskrit vocabulary, enumerates several kinds of chariots adapted for various purposes of life. The names he gives are *Śatāṅga-ratha*, *Syandanaratha*, *Puṣpa-ratha*, *Marudratha*, *Yogya-ratha*, *Parighātika*, *Karṇi-ratha*, and *Rathagarbhaka*. The first two were intended for proceeding to the battle-field; the third for enjoyment; the fourth, for carrying about images of gods; the fifth, for magistrates; the sixth, for travelling; the seventh, for fighting; and the eighth, for ascending in the air. How these several vehicles were constructed, and in what respects they differed from each other, the author does not notice. Most of the words have been used in Sanskrit literature as synonymous terms; in the *Rāmāyaṇa*, the *Puṣparatha* has been assigned to Rāma for his journey from Ceylon to Oudh; and the *Vaināyika*, which appears like an epithet for *Jogya-ratha* in the passage quoted,²⁶⁰ is explained by Professor Wilson as a war chariot, and not a state carriage.