The Antiquities of Orissa v1.c10.509

v1.c10.509

**Whip and goad:** The whip as delineated at Sāñcī is a stiff leather thong attached to a short handle, very like the modern *Koḍā*. It was called *kaśā*, and under that name is frequently mentioned in ancient writings. For elephants the *aṅkuśa*, or a short staff mounted with an iron crook, was the only instrument in use for guiding them, and it remains unchanged to this day. The *aṅkuśa* shown in Illustration No. 194, taken from the Sāñcī bas-reliefs, differs in no respect from the instrument of that class now in use all over India.