The Antiquities of Orissa v1.c6.33

v1.c6.33

[ 6 ] At that time, and probably from an earlier period in the history of India, the shores of the peninsula were divided into three parts ; first the Malabar Coast ; 2nd the Coramaṇḍala or the Coromandel coast ; and 3rd, Kaliṅga or the Bengal coast. The last was again subdivided, according to Pliny, into three regions, viz., Colingo, Modocolingo (Madhya-Kaliṅga) and Macco-colingo (Maga-Kaliṅga). The first extended from Ganjam or lower down to the Ganges, and was probably the locale of Mount Maleus and the Orites.²⁵ The second, says Pliny, is a very large island in the Ganges : it included no doubt the whole of the Gangetic estuary from the mouth of the Bhāgīrathī to that of the Padmā, opposite Sandip. The last was meant for the eastern coast from Sandip to Arracan, most probably the "golden Chersonese" of the Grecian writers and the *Suwanna-bhumi* of the Burmese. This sub-division of Kaliṅga has, however, long since become obsolete, and the name itself has been confined to the tract of country lying between Cuttack and Madras—a tract which, in Muhammadan works and modern maps, is variously designated as the Northern Circars or Telingānā. Thus, we find it described in one of the *Tantras*²⁶ as lying between Jagannāth and the Krishnā river ; and in the *Raghuvamśa* it is said to have been situated to the south of Utkala. The *Tantra* in question makes Telingānā begin from Jagannāth on the east, *Jagannāthāt pūrvabhāgāt*, which shows that at least a considerable portion of Cuttack was at its time included within Kaliṅga, and the date of the work cannot be older than the seventh century of the Christian era. Colebrooke places Kaliṅga on the banks of the Godāvarī, but says nothing as to how far it extended to the north.²⁷