The Antiquities of Orissa v2.c16.108

v2.c16.108

The use of the causal verb *dātam* shows clearly that a Rājā of Kaliṅga contributed the expenses of excavating the caves. But for whom were they cut? The possessives followed by the noun *lonam*, ‘cave’, in the singular in the lower storey records would suggest that Kadepa, the holy man or priest named, was the person for whom they were intended. But the occurrence of the Prince Vidhukha's record in the 2nd lower storey inscription raises a doubt on the subject, unless we belive one of the rooms to have been made by the prince and the others by the saint. Anyhow the name of the group of caves, according to the inscriptions, should be either Kaliṅgarāja Gumphā, ‘Caves of the king of Kaliṅga’, or Vidikha Gumphā, ‘Prince Vidukh's cave’, or Kadepa Gumphā, ‘Kadepa's cave’, and not Vaikuṇṭhapura, ‘the abode of Viṣṇu’, nor Pātālapura ‘nether region cave’, as they are now severally called.