The Antiquities of Orissa v2.c17.103

v2.c17.103

Each of these 22 ceremonies is accompanied by ritual observances and recitations of *mantras* especially provided for them. The worshipping is of three kinds; at the first and the evening *dhūpas*, the worship is called *ṣoḍaṣa-upacāra*, including 16 offerings. The midday *dhūpas*, includes ten offerings (*daśa-upacāra*). The rest are *pañca-upacāra* or five-fold. These distinctions are purely liturgical, and call for no remark here.