The Antiquities of Orissa v2.c17.32.5

v2.c17.32.5

Again, the inscriptions of Udayagiri repeatedly refer to the kings of Kaliṅga, and sometimes to Kaliṅga-nagarī, 'the city of Kaliṅga,' but the word Orissa does not occur in any one of them ; and this would suggest the idea that the kings then were known by the name of their capital, as many other Indian kings have since been known in the same way, and that the Oḍs, who still prevail in Khurdā in the neighbourhood of Bauvaneśvara, had not then risen to sufficient importance to give their name to a city, though they unquestionably have since given it to the province. Of course there is nothing tangible to show that the Kaliṅga-nagarī of the inscriptions is the modern Bhuvanes'vara; but as it would be unreasonable to suppose the existence, in the third century B.C., of a large town of such importance as would attract the attention of Aśoka, which was not a capital, nor of a metropolitan character, we may very reasonably suppose that the town in question was the chief seat of power of the Kaliṅga rājās; and if this be admitted the *Kaliṅga-nagarī* or 'city of Kaliṅga' of the Elephant Cave of Udayagiri would be the same.