Historical Development of Indian Music: A Critical Study c8.56

c8.56

In the early thirteenth century, the South Indian musicologist *Śārṅgadeva* formulated twelve kinds of displaced or chromatic notes, in addition to the pure seven notes. Before him, only two displaced or *vikṛta* notes, *antara-gāndhāra* and *kākali-niṣāda*, were current in the system of Indian music. During his time we notice that the five limbs (*aṅgas*) of the Vedic music, *prastāva*, *udgītha*, *pratihāra*, *upadrava* and *nidhāna* were used with their new names, *udgrāha*, *anudgrāha*, *sambandha*, *dhruvaka* and *ābhoga*, as the music-parts or *dhātus* of the *prabandha-gītis*. But their names and forms were again changed to some extent, towards the sixteenth-seventeenth century A.D.