South-Indian Images of Gods and Goddesses c13: Index

South-Indian Images of Gods and Goddesses c13

Language: English

c13.47 — 3 parts
c13.53 — 3 parts
c13.134 — 3 parts

Index

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[Note: Figures after articles refer to pages; the following abbreviations are used:— n. = footnote; s.a. = same as; do. = ditto; q.v. (quod vide) = which see.]

ābhanga, slight bend of body in images, 162, 168, 266. abhaya, protecting pose of hand in images (q.v.), 10, 41, 43, 64n, 66, 76, 77, 79, 84, 88, 89n, 93, 97, 110, 114, 148, 177, 178, 189, 190, 194, 199, 202, 212n, 239, 243, 248, 259n, 266. Abja, serpent-chief, 251. Adavallān, Tamil name for Natarāja, 82n, 88n. Adharmā (vice), chaurī-bearer of Yama, 243. Adi-Chandēsa, or Ādidāsa-Chandēsa, epithet of Chandēsa, 161, 162. Ādimūrti, s.a. Vaikuntha-Nārāyana, 52n. Ādisēsha, s.a. Sēsha, 251. Aditya-griha, a Sun-shrine, 235. Aditya-Purāna, 103. Adivarāha, s.a. Varāha, 22. Āgamas, class of literature, 1, 84, 88, 89, 110n, 114, 129, 132, 137, 148, 161, 165, 235, 251, 262. Agastya, sage, 90, 254. Aghōra, one of the five images constituting Panchadēhamūrti, 77. Aghōramūrti, form of Siva, 148, 151. Agni, fire, regent of the south-east quarter, 196, 236n, 241, 243. Ahalyā, wife of Gautama, 241. Āhavanīya, one of the (three) sacrificial fires, represented by the goddess Sarasvatī, 220. Ahōbalam, village in the Kurnool district, 26. Airāvata, the elephant of Indra, 241. Aivyaonghen, identified with Avyanga, 236n. Aiyanār, village god, 229, 230. Ajaikapād, one of the Eleven Rudras, 97, 223n. Alagiyanāchchiyamma, village deity, 224. Alakshmi, s.a. Jyēshthā, 216n. Ālambākkam, village in the Tanjore district, 196. Ālayattu-Pillaiyār, Ganapati image mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions, 176. ālīdha, posture in standing, 26, 213, 266;— in sitting, 197. Alinganamūrti, form of Chandrasēkhara, 114.

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Ālkondār, epithet of Kshētrapāla at Tiruvādi, 159n. Ālvār, epithet of Vaishnava saints, 259, 262. Amarakōsa, Sanskrit lexicon, 62, 155n, 234. Amarāvati, village in the Guntur district, 2n. Amritēsvari, s.a. Vārunī, 220. Amsumat-Tantra, 79, 103, 107, 114. Ānamalai, village in the Madura district, 218n. Ānanda-tāndava, variety of Natarāja’s dance, 79, 84. Ananta, s.a. Sēsha, 50, 251. Anantasāyin or Anantasayana, form of reclining Vishnu, 50. Andhaka, demon, devotee of Siva, 165n. Angiras, sage, father of Brihaspati (Jupiter), 239, 254. Aniruddha, form of standing Vishnu, 52n. 55. Ankālamma, village deity, 220n, 223, 224. Annapūrnā, goddess, 218, 220. Apasmāra, demon, 79, 84, 90, 141. Appar, Saiva saint, 259. Appaya-Dīkshita, Saiva philosopher, 89. Apsarasas, class of celestial nymphs, 251. Āpyā, goddess, 223. Aravan, son of Arjuna, 227. Archæological Survey Report— of India, quoted, 43n, 143n; of Madras, quoted, 22n, 100n, 125, 148n, 254n, 259n. ardhachandrāsana, pedestal of Agni, 243n. Ardhajāma-Alagar, s.a. Aiyanār, 230n. Ardha-mandapa, vestibule in front of the central shrine of a temple, 2. Ardhanārī, form of Siva, 74, 76n, 120, 165. Ārdrā, asterism sacred to Natarāja, 82. Arhantadēva, a Jaina saint, 265. Ariyambākkam, village in the Chingleput district, 22. Arjuna, one of the five Pāndavas, 47, 141, 143, 227. Arjuna’s Penance, bas-relief of rock-cut sculptures at Mahābalipuram, 143, 251. arka-pushpa, jewel decorating the jatāmakuta of Siva, 76. arrow, weapon, in the hand of Aiyanār, 230;— of Durgā, 199, 202;— of Kālāgni-Rudra, 155;— of Kāma, 62;— of Kirātārjuna, 143;— of Lalitā, Tripurasundarī and Rājarājēsvari, 22;— of Rāma and Lakshmana, 35; — of Sani, 239; — of Skanda, 177, 178; — of Sudarsana, 66; — of Tripurāntaka, 140, 267n; — of Virabhadra, 155, 159; — of Vishnu, 17n, 55. Aruna, charioteer of Sūrya, 235, 236. Ashtabhujā-Viralakshmī, form of Lakshmī, 189. Ashta-Mahālakshmī, the eight (forms of) Lakshmī, 187. Ashtamūrtis, class of Siva-images, 77. Ashtānga-Yōginīs, group of goddesses attending on Surapriyā, 212. Ashta-Siddhis, group of goddesses recognized as consorts of Ganapati, 173. Āsiramma, village deity, 224. Asōka, Maurya emperor, 168n. asōka-flower, one of the five arrows of Kāma, 62. ass, vehicle of Kālarātrī, 211; — of Nairrita, 243; — of Sītalādevī, 213. asuras, s.a. dānavas, 50, 211, 229, 230. Asvins, the twin physicians of the gods, 259. atibhanga, great bend of body in images, 266. Ati-Pingala, attendant of Sūrya, 236. Atiranachanda-Pallavēsvara, rock-cut temple at Sāluvankuppam, 107. Ātrēya, sage (?), 259n. Atri, sage, 11n, 239, 254. Atyantakāma-Pallavēsvara, surname of Dharmarāja-ratha, 107. āvadaiyār, Tamil name for the pedestal of a Siva-linga, 73. Avantī, country, 70, 239. avatār, an incarnation (especially of Vishnu), 22, 26, 30, 32, 35, 37, 47, 50, 64. Avesta, scripture of the Parsees, 236n. Avyanga, name of the thread seen round the waist of Sūrya-images, 236n. Ayōdhyā (Oudh), city, 35. axe or hatchet (parasu), weapon, in the hand of Saiva images, 77, 93, 97n, 103, 110, 114, 120, 125, 137, 140, 141, 143, 147, 148, 162, 173, 178; — of Sudarsana, 66.

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Bādāmi, Chalukyan rock-cut temple at, 24. Badarikāsrama, the modern Badri-Nārāyan, 47. Bāgali, village in the Bellary district, 114, 187. Bāla-Krishna, form of Krishna, 38, 41. Balapramathani, the Sakti (goddess) of Balapramathana (Siva), 190n. Balarāma (Baladēva), brother of Krishna, considered as an incarnation of Vishnu, 37n, 43n. Bālā-Sakti, goddess presiding over the six chakras, 222. Bālā-Tripurasundarī, goddess, 218.

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Balavikaranī, the Sakti (goddess) of Balavikaranā (Siva), 190n. Bālā-yantra, mystic charm connected with the worship of Bālā-Sakti, 222. Bali, demon, 30, 32. Bāna, demon, devotee of Siva, 113: — variety of Siva-linga, 73n. Bangalore district, 217. Bangāramma, s.a. Ponnamma, 224. banyan (vata), tree, abode of Tiruvāludaiyāl, 226: — connected with Aiyanār, 230; — with Dakshināmūrti, 90; — with Natarāja's dance, 84n: — sacred to the goddess Chāmundā, 196. Barbaras, an aboriginal tribe, 223. Bārtāli (Battāli), Buddhist goddess, 194n. bell (ghantā), symbol, in the hand of Durgā, Mahishāsuramardinī and Mahā-Lakshmī, 199, 206, 211; — of Gajahāmūrti, 125; — of Natarāja (in Kālikātāndava), 84; — of Skanda, 178. Benares, 218n. Bhadrakālī, consort of Virabhadra, 155n: — form of Chāmundā, 197, 213n: — village deity, 223, 224, 227. bhadrapītha, form of pedestal, 266. bhadrō bhadrayā, etc., Mantra of the Rig-Veda, 37n. Bhagavad-Gītā, ‘the Divine Song,’ 37, 47. Bhāgavata-Purāna, 37, 47. Bhagīratha, mythical king of the Solar race, 129, 132. Bhairava, fierce emanation of Siva, 74, 113, 151, 155, 159n, 161, 262n. Bhairavī, epithet of Māhēsvarī, 194: — form of Kālī, 199. Bhandāsura, demon, 222. bhangas, the (three) artistic flexions of body in images, 266. Bharadvāja, sage, 90, 239, 254. Bharata, brother of Rāma, 37. Bhāratī, s.a. Sarasvatī, 82n. Bhāratīya-Nātyasāstra, name of a Sanskrit work, 88n. Bhāravī, Sanskrit poet, 143. Bhārgava, sage, 90. Bhasmāsura, demon, 165. Bhatta-Bhāskariya, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 241n, 248n. Bhavānī, village in the Coimbatore district, 165. Bhavānī, s.a. Pārvatī, 196n. Bhēda-Sakti (jealousy), consort of Kāma, 62. Bhikshāndārkōyil, village in the Trichinopoly district, 76. Bhikshātana or Bhikshātanamūrti, form of Siva, 74, 76n, 97, 100, 103, 234, 267, 268n. bhindivāla, weapon, in the hand of Nandi, 162. Bhōga-Sakti, goddess, connected with Sōmāskanda, 110; — Pārvatī standing on the left side of Siva or the Siva-linga, 185n.

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Bhōga-Vīra, the standing form of Vīrabhadra, 159. Bhōjakata, country, 239. Bhr̥gu, sage, 90, 239, 254. Bhringi, Bhringiriti or Bhringīśa, devotee and attendant of Siva, 113, 120n, 161, 165 : — name of the Dvārapāla at the southern entrance into Siva temples, 254n. bhringipāda, ornament seen on the right leg of Saiva images, 100, 268n. Bhū (Earth), consort of Vishnu, 22, 189. Bhujangalalita, variety of Natarāja’s dance, 84n. Bhujangatrāsita, do., 82n. bhūta, a demon, 148, 230, 251. Bhūtamātā, goddess, 216. Bhūvarāha, s.a. Varāha, 22. Bīja-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 176. bijapūra, fruit, symbol in the hand of Mahā-Ganapati, 173. bill-hook, symbol in the hand of Karuppanasāmi, 230. bilva, fruit, symbol in the hand of Gaja-Lakshmī, 187. Binayakia, Japanese name for Vināyaka, 168n. bindu (dot), connected with mystic charms called yantras and chakras, 222. boar, crest of the Western Chalukya, Kākatīya, Reddi and Vijayanagara kings, 24. Boar or Man-Boar (Varāha), incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 24, 93. bones, garland of, found on Saiva images, 125, 212. book, symbol, in the hand of the Asvins, 259n; — of Bālā-Sakti, 222; — of Brahmā, 107; — of Brihaspati, 239; — of Dakshināmūrti, 90, 93; — of Hayagrīva, 55; — of Madhvāchārya, 259; — of rishi-images, 254; — of Sankarāchārya, 259; — of Sarasvatī, 185; — of Sukra, 239. — of boon-giving pose of hand in images, 52n, 77, 100, 129n, 162, 168, 173, 187, 218, see varada. bow, weapon, in the hand of Aiyanār, 230; — of Chāmundā, 194, 206; — of Durgā, Mahishāsuramardīnī and Mahā-Lakshmī, 199, 206; — of Indra, 241; — of Kālāgni-Rudra, 155; — of Kāma, 62; — of Kirātārjuna, 143; — of Rāma and Lakshmana, 35; — of Sani, 239; — of Skanda, 177, 178; — of Sudarsana, 66; — of Tripurāntaka, 140; — of Vīrabhadra, 155, 159; — of Vishnu, 17n, 30, 55. Brahmā, god, the Creator, 10, 11, 24, 32, 50, 52, 73n, 74, 82n, 93, 97, 100, 103, 113, 141, 184, 185, 194, 197, 218n, 224n, 236, 251. brahmachārin, an unmarried student of the Vēdas, 30, 173, 177. Brahmachārinī, form of Durgā, 202. Brahma-kapālam, place of pilgrimage on the Himalayas, 100.

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Brahman, the all-pervading Eternal Spirit, 10, 30, 70, 74. Brāhmana, caste, 7, 38, 41, 55, 70, 71, 100, 168, 197, 213n, 226, 229, 236, 239, 241. Brahmavaivarta-Purāna, 10n, 168n. Brāhmī or Brahmānī, one of the Saptamātrikās, 190, 194, 196. Brāhmīya-Silpa, work on Arts, 22n, 38n, 47n, 52n. breast-band, found on images of Durgā, 199, 206; — of Pratyaṅgirā, 213n. Brihadīsvara, temple, at Tanjore, 77, 88n, 155, 176, 268. Brihaspati (Jupiter), planet, 239. Brindāvana (Brindāban), village, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47. broom, symbol of Sītalā, 213. Buddha, saint, 73; — incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 47; — called Muni, 234. Buddhism, 73, 184. Buddhist, 2n, 77n, 168n, 185, 194n, 213n, 218n, 220n, 248n. Budha (Mercury), planet, 239. buffalo, demon, 197, 199, 202, 206, 211: — sacrifice, 226: — vehicle of Kāla (Yama), 137, 243; — of Vārāhī, 194. bull, guardian deity at the western entrance of Siva temples, 254n: — vehicle and banner of Siva, 76n, 90, 97, 110, 113, 114, 120, 125, 132, 141, 152, 267: — vehicle of Chandēsa in the Kali-yuga, 161; — of Māhēsvari, 194; — of Sailaputri, 202; — of Sāvitrī, 218n.

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cane, symbol in the hand of Nandi, 162n. Castes and Tribes (Thurston), quoted, 226n. caverns and rock-cut beds, 2n. Ceylon, island, 64n, 114n, 223n, 229, 254n, 259n. chain, symbol of Karuppanasāmi, 230. chaitya, a temple, 2. chakra (disc q.v.), symbol of Vishnu, 26, 38n, 52, 55, 70. Chakrapāni, temple, at Kumbakōnam, 70. Chakra-Perumāl, s.a. Sudarsana, 66. chakra-pūjā, ceremony observed in temples of village deities, 226. chakras, mystic diagrams connected with Sakti worship, 185, 220, 222. Chakra-tīrtha, tank, source of the river Gandaki, 70. Chakravartins, group of demi-gods of Jaina mythology, 265. Chalukya, Western, dynasty, 24. Chalukyan Architecture (Rea), quoted, 52n. Chāmundā (Chandi), one of the Saptamātrikās, 190, 194, 196: — epithet of Mahishāsuramardīnī, 194n, 196, 197, 202, 206. Chanda, name of Chandēsa in the Trētā-yuga, 161; — of a Dvārapāla image, 251;

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— of the guardian deity in shrines of Jina, 265. Chandakhandā, form of Durgā, 202. Chanda-Munda, demon, 197n, 222. Chandēsa, devotee and attendant of Siva, 143, 147, 159, 161, 162. Chandēsānugraha or Chandēsānugraha-mūrti, form of Siva, 76n, 143, 147, 162. Chandēśvara, s.a. Chandēsānugraha, 76n. Chandēsvaraprasādadēva, do., 147. Chandi, s.a. Chandēsa, 254n. Chandi or Chandikā, s.a. Mahishāsuramardinī, 190n, 196, 202, 206, 224. Chandikalpa, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 197n, 206. Chandimau, village, 143n. Chandragiri, village in the Chittoor district, 35n, 137. Chandrasēkhara or Chandrasēkharamūrti, form of Siva, 76n, 93, 114, 148. Charcharā, form of Kālī, 199. Chaturmukha or Chaumukhī, form of Jaina images, 77n. Chaturvarga-Chintāmani, name of a Sanskrit work, 24. chatushshashtikalā, the sixty-four sciences, 187. Chaudamma, village deity, 224. chaurī (chāmara), a fly-whisk, 3, 11, 52n, 194, 199, 211, 248, 251, 265. Chaushashti-Yōginīs, group of goddesses, 223n. Chēra, country, 2n. Chetthakarī, title of Mahēndravarman I., 2, Chhāyā, consort of Sūrya, 236. Chidambaram, village in the South Arcot district, 11, 55, 74, 82, 84n, 93n, 107, 125, 141, 143, 147, 178, 236, 243, 248 :— its history, 88 :— the Natarāja temple at, 230n. Chingleput district, Jaina temples in, 262. chinmudrā, pose of fingers, 259, 267. Chiranjivins, the nine, 262. Chitragupta, attendant of Yama, 243. Chitrini, consort of Kubēra, 248n. Chōla, dynasty, 2, 77, 88, 89, 93, 107, 114n, 176, 216, 224, 254, 268. club, symbol, 35; — in the hand of Budha, 239; — of Dvārapāla images, 251; — of Garuda, 64n; — of Kāla (Yama), 137, 243; — of Karuppannasāmi, 230; — of Kētu, 241; — of Kollāpuramahālakshmi and Ashtabhujā-Vīralakshmi, 189; — of Kuja (Mars), 239; — of Mahā-Ganapati, 173; — of Moon, 239; — of Sarasvatī, 218n; — of Siva, 77n; — of Skanda, 178; — of Sudarsana, 66; — of Vīrabhadra, 155; — of Vishnu, 17, 26, 30; — of Vishvaksēna, 64. See gadā. cock banner of Skanda, 218n. See kukkuta. conch, symbol, 3, 35; — in the hand of Durgā (Kātyāyanī), Chāmundā, Mahishāsuramardinī and Mahā-Lakshmi, 196, 199, 202, 206, 211; — of Gaja-Lakshmi, 187; — of Garuda, 64n; — of Gōvinda-Bhairava and of Samhāra-Bhairava, 151; — of Indra, 241; — of Kāma, 62; — of Kapila, 254; — of Lalitā, Tripurasundarī and Rājarājēśvarī, 220; — of Mahā-Ganapati, 173; — of Sarasvatī, 218n; — of Skanda, 178; — of Sudarsana, 66; — of Sūrya, 35, 236; — of Trikantakidēvī, 213; — of Varuna, 243; — of Vishnu, 17, 22, 26, 30, 43, 107, 113, 125, 267; — of Vishvaksēna, 62: — mark made of sandal or gōpichandana, 259. See sankha. Conjeeveram, village in the Chingleput district, 2, 22n, 89n, 162n, 222. corpse, vehicle, of Chāmundā, 194; — of Mahākālī, 197: — carried by Ugra-Tārā on her head, 213. crescent, ornament on the head of Siva, 76, 77, 82, 103, 114; — of Ganapati, 173; — of Sakti goddesses, 185, 194, 202. crocodile, vehicle of Gangamma (Gangā), 224n, 248; — of Varuna, 243. crow, banner of Jyēsthā, 216, 218n: — vehicle of Tvaritā, 212n. cup, symbol, in the hand of Gōvinda-Bhairava and Kāla-Bhairava, 151; — of Kollāpura-Mahālakshmi, 189; — of Mahākāla, 155; — of Mahākālī, 197; — of Lalitā, Tripurasundarī and Rājarājēśvarī, 220. See pot and vessel.

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dāhinī, attribute of Kāma’s arrow, 62. Daksha, sage, 89, 155, 159, 267. Dakshināgni, one of the (three) sacrificial fires, represented by the goddess Sāvitrī, 220. Dakshināmūrti, form of Siva, 74, 76n, 89, 90, 93, 147, 234, 268n. dānavas, demons, 30, 140. Dandanātha-Vārāhī, form of Vārāhī, 194n. Danda-Pingala, attendant of Sūrya, 236. Dārukāvana, forest, scene of Siva’s sport as Bhikshātana, 79n, 100. Dasara, festival, 187. Dasaratha, king of Ayōdhyā and father of Rāma, 35. Dasra, one of the Asvins, 259n. Dattātrēya, god, 11n. Death, the god of, s.a. Kāla, 132, 137, 148, 151. deer (antelope, black-buck), symbol, in the hand of Saiva images, 77, 89n, 90, 93, 97, 103, 110, 114, 129, 132, 137n, 140, 141, 143, 147, 159, 162, 267: — vehicle of Vāyu, 248: — accompaniment of Bhikshātana, 100; — of Kankāla, 103; — of Natarāja, 82. Dēvabhāvi, epithet of Surapriyā, 212. Dēvakī, mother of Krishna, 41, 196. Dēvāram, collection of Saiva Tamil hymns, 72, 89, 262.

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dēvas, demi-gods, 24, 79, 82n, 132, 140, 229; — of Jaina mythology, 265. Dēvayānā (Dēvasēnā), consort of Skanda, 178. devil-dances, 234. dhakkā (kettle-drum *q.v.*), symbol in the hand of Siva, 76, 77, 267. Dhanvantari, sage, the presiding deity of Indian Medical Science, 254, 259n. Dharanivārāha, *s.a.* Varāha, 22. Dhārāsuram, village in the Tanjore district, 120, 125, 129, 254, 262n. Dharma, form of Brahmā, 11 Dharmā, chauri-bearer of Vama, 243. Dharmarāja-ratha, monolithic monument at Mahābalipuram, 107. Dharmarāja, one of the five Pāndavas, 227. Dharmavyākhyānamūrti, epithet of Dakshināmūrti, 89. Dhēnu-Vāgisvarī, form of Vāgisvarī, 185. Dhūmrāvatī or Dhūmra-Kālī, goddess, 213. Dhūmrōrnā, consort of Yama, 243. dhvajastambha, the flag-staff of a temple, 3. Digambara, sect of Jainas, 262, 265. Dikpālakas, the eight lords of the quarters, 241 : — demi-gods of Jaina mythology, 265. Dipāvali-Amāvāsyā, festival, 32. disc *or* discus, symbol, 3, 35; — in the hand of Durgā (Kātyāyanī), Chāmundā, Mahishāsuramardinī and Mahā-Lakshmī, 194, 196, 199, 202, 206, 211; — of Govinda-Bhairava and of Samhāra-Bhairava, 151; — of Indra, 241; — of Kapila, 254; — of Mahā-Ganapati, 173; — of Sarasvatī, 218n; — of Skanda, 177, 178; — of Sudarsana, 66; — of Sūrya, 236; — of Trikantakīdēvī, 213; — of Vishnu, 17, 22, 24, 26, 30, 43, 64, 107, 113; — of Vishvaksēna, 64; — mark made of sandal or gōpichandana, 259. *See* chakra. dog, vehicle of Bhairava, 151. Draupadī, queen of the Pāndavas, 227 : — temple at Kumbakōnam, 227. dukūla, muslin, 120. Durgā *or* Durgā-Lakshmī, goddess, 74, 148, 196, 197n, 199, 202, 206, 211, 213n, 218, 220, 223, 224, 229: — energy of Siva in his fighting mood, 196n: — her images represented naked, 202, 211. Durgamma, village deity, *s.a.* Durgā, 224. Durgā-Paramēsvari, *do.*, 224. Durgi, village in the Guntūr district, 151, 155. Dvāpara-yuga, name of the third Hindu æon, 161. Dvārakā (Dwārkā), legendary capital of Krishna, 37, 47, 70. Dvārapāla, the guardian deity of a temple, 251, 254. Dvārapālikā, female guardian deity in temples of goddesses, 254. Dwarf (Vāmana), incarnation of Vishnu, 30, 32.

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ear of paddy, symbol in the hand of Mahā-Ganapati, 173. Earth, goddess, *s.a.* Bhū, 22, 24, 32, 55, 187 : — used by Tripurāntaka as his chariot, 140; — mother of Mars, 239. Ēkādasa-Rudras, class of Siva images, 77, 97. Ēkāmrēsvara, temple, at Conjeeveram, 89n, 162n. Ēkapādamūrti *or* Ēkapāda-Trimūrti, form of Siva, 97. Elements of Hindu Iconography (Gopinatha Rao), quoted, 218n. elephant, demon, 125: — vehicle of Aiyanār, 230; — of Mahā-Gauri, 202; — of Māhēndrī, 194; — of Prachanda, 161; — of Visvakarma, 11n: — its hide, worn by Saiva images, 151, 197 : — its tusk, symbol in the hand of Gajahāmūrti, 125; — of Ganēsa 168 (Mahā-Ganapati), 173. Elephanta, caves at, 107. Ellā, Greek goddess, 223n. Ellamma, village deity, 223, 224. Elura Cave Temples (Burgess), quoted, 82n, 132, 137n, 159n, 190n, 194n, 206n. Epigraphical Report (Madras), quoted, 26n, 32n, 52n, 88n, 161n, 235n, 251n. Epigraphia Indica, quoted, 73n, 77n. epilepsy, personified as Apasmāra, 79n.

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fan, symbol, in the hand of Agni, 243; — of Vāyu, 248. Fire (Agni *q.v.*), one of the three eyes of Siva, 76. fire-walking, ceremony observed in temples of village deities, 226, 229. Fish, incarnation of Vishnu, 22. flag, symbol, in the hand of Vāyu, 248, 267. flesh, symbol, in the hand of Vārunī, 220. flower, garland, connected with the story of Chandēsānugrahamūrti and with Svayamvarā, 147: — symbol, in the hand of Chandēsa, 162: — arrow held by Vajraprastārini, 212n. fruit (of pomegranate), symbol, in the hand of Srī and Prithvī, 187; — of Lalitā, Tripurasundarī and Rājarājēsvari, 220: — (of wood-apple), symbol, in the hand of Skanda, 110; — of Ganēsa, 168.

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gadā (club *q.v.*), symbol, in the hand o Vishnu, 52n, 55. Gajahāmūrti, form of Siva, 125. gajahasta, pose of hand, 79, 84, 88, 267. Gaja-Lakshmī, form of Lakshmī, 187.

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Gajēndramōksha, (story of Vishnu) rescuing the elephant, 55. Ganapati or Ganēśa, god, son of Siva, 62, 70, 74, 82n, 113, 165, 168, 173, 176, 267n. Gānāpatya, sect of Brāhmanas, 168, 176n. ganas, group of demi-gods attending on Siva, 155, 161, 162, 165, 168n, 173n, 176, 183, 211. Gandabhēruṇḍa, (fabulous) bird-vehicle used in processions of images, 7. Gandaki, river, 70. Gandharvas, class of demi-gods, 251. Gāndīva, the bow of Arjuna, 141. Gaṅgā or Gaṅgā-Bhattāraki, goddess, s.a. Ganges, 76, 82, 125, 129, 132, 224:—the chauri-bearer of Varuna, 248. Gaṅgādhara, form of Siva, 74, 129, 132, 143n. Gaṅgaikoṇḍasōlapuram, village in the Trichinopoly district, 132, 143, 168n. Gaṅgamma, village deity, s.a. Gaṅgā, 224. Gaṅgāvisarjana or Gaṅgāvisarjanamūrti, form of Siva, 129. Ganges, river, 70, 76, 82, 129, 224n. garbha-griha, the central shrine of a temple, 2. Gārhapatya, one of the (three) sacrificial fires, represented by the goddess Gāyatrī, 220. Garuda, bird, vehicle of Vishnu, 2, 3, 32, 52, 55, 64, 97, 125, 162n, 251;—of Gōvinda-Bhairava, 151;—of Vaishnavī, 194;—of Sarasvatī, 218n. Garuda-chayana, Vedic sacrifice, 64n. Garuda-Nārāyaṇa, form of Vishnu, 55. Gaudapāda, the teacher's teacher of Saṅkarācharya, 259. Gaulīśvara, shrine in the Tiruvottiyūr temple, 259. Gaurī, s.a. Pārvatī, 82n, 84, 88, 113, 114, 129, 132, 141, 190, 206n. Gaurī-tāndava, variety of Naṭarāja's dance, 84. Gautama, sage, 241, 254. Gāyatrī, goddess, 73n, 97n, 241:—presiding deity of morning prayers, 218. Gītabhāvī, epithet of Surapriyā, 212. goad or hook (aṅkuśa), symbol, in the hand of Aghōramūrti, 148;—of Annapūrṇā, 218;—of Bālā-Sakti, 222;—of Chāmuṇḍā, 194;—of Chaṇḍēśa in Dvāpara-yuga, 161;—of Durgā, 199n;—of Ganapati, 168, 173 (Hēramba-Ganapati)—of Indra, 241;—of Lakshmī, 189;—of Lalitā, Tripurasundarī and Rājarājēśvarī, 220;—of Pidāri, 224n, —of Sarasvatī, 185;—of Sudarśana, 66;—of Vīrabhadra, 159. Goṇṭyālamma, village deity, 224. Gōpāla, s.a. Krishna, 43n, 256. gōpīchandana, a kind of yellow earth used in making caste marks, 259. Gōpīs, the cowherd women of Brindāvana, 38n, 41, 43, 47. Gōpīvastrāpahāraka, form of Krishna, 47. gōpura, the entrance gate of a temple with a tower, 84n, 88, 93n, 147, 251. Gōvardhana, hill (near Brindāvana), 43. Gōvinda-Bhairava, form of Bhairava, 151. grāma-dēvatā, a village deity, 223. Gulikan, demon, attendant of Aiyanār, 230. guñjā-seeds, garland of, worn by Tvaritā, 212. Gupta, dynasty, 143n. Guruparamparāprabhāva, name of a Sanskrit work, 262.

c13.23

c13.24

Haladhara, epithet of Balarāma, 37n. Hampi, village in the Bellary district, 35n, 38n. Hanumān, devotee and servant of Rāma, 35, 37, 64, 66. Harabhadra, name of a Dvārapāla, 251. Hari, s.a. Vishnu, 82n. Haridrā-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 176n. Harihara, form of Siva, 76n, 125. Hariharaputra, epithet of Aiyanār, 229, 230. Hari-parvata, hill, 70. Harivamsa, supplement to the Mahābhārata, 223. Hayagrīva, form of Vishnu, 55. Hazāra-Rāmasvāmin, temple, at Hampi, 35n. heads (human), garland of, worn by Mahā-Kālī, 197;—by Tripurā-Bhairavī, 212;—symbol, in the hand of Kālarātri, 212;—offered to propitiate Vīrabhadra, 161n. Hēmādri, author, 11, 24, 26, 32, 43n, 52, 55, 76n, 77n, 113, 151, 162, 177n, 190n, 194, 197, 206n, 236, 239, 241, 243, 248. Hēramba-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 173, 176. heroes (vīrulu), worshipped as village deities, 230:—their temples in the Palnād taluk, 234. Himālaya, mountain, 66, 90, 100. Himavat, s.a. Himālaya, 90, 107. Hindu Mythology (Wilkins), quoted, 251. Hiranyagarbha, variety of Sāligrāma, 70. Hiranyakasipu, demon, 24, 26, 30. Hiranyāksha, do., 24. Hiranyavarman, surname of Simhavarman, 88. horse, vehicle, of Aiyanār, 230;—of Kubēra, 248;—of Svapna-Vārāhī, 194n:—(seven), yoked to the chariot of Sūrya, 236:—(ten), to the chariot of the Moon, 239:—forming the body of the Aśvins, 259n. Hosūr-amma, village deity, 223. human sacrifice, 227n. hundred-pillared hall, in the Varadarājasvāmin temple at Conjeeveram, 43. Huskūr-amma, village deity, 223. Hūvinahadagalli, village in the Bellary district, 55.

c13.25

Ideals of Indian Art (Havell), quoted, 73n, 79, 90n, 143n, 189, 59n. Indian Antiquary, quoted, 24, 218n, 234, 265. Indra, chief of gods and regent of the east, 30, 43, 64n, 113, 194, 241. Indra-Lakshmī, s.a. Sāmānya-Lakshmī, 187. Indrānī, s.a. Māhendrī, 194, 196. Indras, group of demi-gods of Jaina mythology, 265.

c13.26

c13.27

Jaimini, sage, 241. Jaina, 2n, 77n, 218n, 265 :— images (represented naked), 262. Jainism, 184. Jalasayana, form of reclining Vishnu, 52. Jamadagni, sage, 90, 254. Jāmbavat, demi-god, 32n. Jambukēsvaram, suburb of Srīrangam, 173. Janārdana, s.a. Vishnu, 73n. Jangams, priestly class of the Lingāyata sect, 268n. japā-flowers, used as ear-ornaments by the goddess Kālarātrī, 211. Japanese, 168n. jasmine-flower, one of the five arrows of Kāma, 62. jatās, locks of matted hair, 79, 82n, 103n, 268. jatābandha, arrangement of matted hair, 268. jatā-bhāra, do. 268. jatā-makuta, matted hair arranged in the fashion of a crown, 11, 76, 77, 79, 90, 103, 110, 114, 137, 141, 161, 162, 185, 190, 197, 268. jatā-mandala, arrangement of matted hair, 103n, 161, 162, 268. jātras, annual festivals held in honour of local deities, 227. javelin, weapon, in the hand of Nairrita, 243. Jaya, attendant of Skanda, 178; — of Vishnu, 50 :— name of a Dvārapāla, 251. Jayadeva, Sanskrit poet, 50. Jina, god, 47n, 265. Jnānabhāvi, epithet of Surapriyā, 212. jnānamudrā, pose of fingers, 55, 90, 93, 267. Jnānamūrti, form of Dakshināmūrti, 90. Journal of Indian Art and Industry, quoted, 141, 241n. Jumna, river, 41, 47. Jvālā-Nrisimha, form of Narasimha, 70. Jvaradēva, form of Siva, 165. Jyēshthā, the Sakti (goddess) of Jyēshtha (Siva), 190n. Jyēshthā or Jyēshthā-Lakshmī, goddess, 216, 218, 224, 268 :— her temple at Kukkanūr, 218.

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c13.29

Kachchhapēsvara, temple, at Conjeeveram, 22n. Kadalmallai, s.a. Mahābalipuram, 72n. Kadru, mother of serpents, 64n. Kailāsa, mountain, 82n, 90. Kailāsanātha, temple, at Conjeeveram, 2, 107. Kaitabha, demon, 52, 197n. Kākatiya, dynasty, 24. Kāla, s.a. Yama, 137 :— servant of Yama, 243. Kālabhadrā, form of Chāmundā, 197. Kāla-Bhairava, form of Bhairava, 151. Kālāgni-Rudra, form of Siva, 155. Kālahā, s.a. Kālahara, 132, 243. Kālahara or Kālaharamūrti, form of Siva, 132, 137, 243. Kālakūta, poison, produced at the churning of the ocean, 76, 137. Kālāmukha, sect of Saivas, 161. Kālamunda, s.a. Kāla, 151. Kālanāsa, s.a. Kālahara, 76n. Kālā-Pidāri, s.a. Kālī, 224. Kālarātrī, form of Durgā, 202, 211. Kalavikarani, the Sakti (goddess) of Kalavikarana (Siva), 190n. Kālī, goddess, consort of Mahākāla, 151 :— energy of Siva in his angry mood, 196n :— form of Chāmundā, 197, 199 :— of Durgā, 197n, 211 :— of Pārvatī, 82, 184, 224 :— the Sakti (goddess) of Kāla (Siva), 190n. Kālidāsa, Sanskrit poet, 177. Kālikā, consort of Nairrita, 197n, 243. Kālikā-Purāna, 11n, 243. Kālikā-tāndava, variety of Natarāja's dance, 84. Kalinga, country, 236. Kālingamardana, s.a. Kāliya-Krishna, 41. Kāliya, serpent, 38, 41. Kāliya-Krishna, form of Krishna, 38, 41. Kāliyamma, s.a. Kālī, 223, 224. Kali-yuga, name of the fourth Hindu æon, 161. Kalki, incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 47. Kallar, class of people in the Madura district, 230. kalpa-vriksha (or -druma), the wish-giving celestial tree, 37 :— used as vehicle in processions, 7 :— found on pedestals of images as aureola, 76, 173n, 265 :— sacred to the goddess Indrānī, 196 :— bunch of its flowers, symbol of Sachi, 241. Kalyāna or Kalyānapura, village in the Nizam's Dominions, 254. Kalyānasundara, form of Siva, 74, 103, 107. Kāma or Kāmadēva, god of Love, 62, 89. Kāmadhēnu, the wish-giving celestial cow, used as vehicle in processions, 7. Kāmākshi-amman, temple, at Conjeeveram, 222.

c13.30

Kāmāri *or* Kāmadahanamūrti, form of Siva, 76*n*, 89*n*. Kamsa, uncle of Krishna, 196. Kanarese districts, 10*n*, 159, 177, 224*n*. Kāñchī, *s.a.* Conjeeveram, 30, 107. kankāla, a skeleton, symbol of Kankālamūrti, 103. Kankāla *or* Kankālamūrti, form of Siva, 103, 268*n*. Kannagi, heroine of the Tamil poem Silappadigāram, 229. Kanniyamār (virgins), the seven, *s.a.* Saptamātrikās, 223, 229. kanyakā (unmarried girl) form, of Gaurī, 190. Kanyakā-Paramēśvarī, tutelary deity of the Vaisya caste, 229. kapāla (skull *q.v.*), symbol, in the hand of Saiva images, 100, 267. Kapālamōchanatīrtha, tank, 100*n*. Kāpālika, sect of Saivas, 161. Kapila, sage, 254. karagam-carrying, ceremony observed in temples of village deities, 227. Kāraikkāl-ammai, female Saiva saint, 262. Karālabhadrā, *s.a.* Kālabhadrā, 197. Karālī, *s.a.* Bhadrakālī, 197. Kāraṇāgama *or* Kāraṇāgama, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 76*n*, 82*n*, 89*n*, 97, 110, 113, 129, 137, 140, 143, 147, 148, 155*n*, 197*n*, 202. karandamakuta, form of crown, 110, 190, 251, 268. karanja, tree, sacred to the goddess Vārāhī, 196. Kārempūdi, village in the Guntūr district, 220*n*. Kārkal, village in the South Canara district, 265. Karkōtaka, serpent-chief, 82*n*, 251. karma, lords of, 184. Karnaprāvritas, class of Saiva (?) devotees, 90*n*. Kārttikēya, epithet of Skanda, 177, 178. Karuppan, demon, attendant of Aiyanār, 230. Karuppannasāmi, village deity, 230. Kāsīkhanda, *quoted*, 155*n*. Kasyapa, sage, 236, 239, 254. Kāsyapa-Silpa, work on Arts (chapter of Amsumat-Tantra), 17, 79, 103, 107, 113*n*, 114, 120, 140*n*, 147, 155, 161, 168, 177, 190, 199. kataka, pose of fingers, 110, 159, 267. katiga, position of hand, 267. Kāttēri, village deity, 224. Kāttu-Edayāru, village in the South Arcot district, 41. Kātyāyanī, form of Durgā, 202;—of Mahishāsuramardīnī, 206*n*. Kaumārī, one of the Saptamātrikās, 190, 194, 196. Kaumōdakī, the club of Vishnu, symbol in the hand of Mahā-Lakshmī, 189.

c13.31

kaupīna, piece of cloth, worn by Skanda, 177. Kauravas, one of the contending parties in the war of the Mahābhārata, 47. kavacha, mail armour, 236. kēsabandha, arrangement of hair, 162, 190. Kēsavasvāmin, temple, at Pushpagiri, 47. kētakī, flower, 93, 97. kettle-drum, symbol, in the hand of Saiva images, 84, 88, 90, 100, 103, 114, 125, 137*n*, 140*n*, 148, 151;—of Pratyangirā and Svasthāvēsinī, 213;—(with snake), in the hand of Pidāri, 224*n*. See *dhakkā*. Kētu (the descending node), planet, 239. khatvānga, weapon, 267. Kinnaras, class of demi-gods, 90*n*, 248, 251. Kinnarī, a Kinnara female, 90*n*, 251. Kirātārjuna *or* Kirātārjunamūrti, form of Siva, 140, 141, 143. Kirātārjunadēva, *s.a.* Kirātārjunamūrti, 143. Kirātārjunīya, Sanskrit poem, 143. Kirātas (hunters), an aboriginal tribe, 212, 223. kirītamakuta, crown on the head of images, 168, 190, 268. Kīrti (fame), one of the Sakti goddesses of Vishnu, 189. kite, banner of Chāmundā, 194;—vehicle of Chandakhandā, 202. knife, stuck in the girdle of Kankāla, 103;—symbol, in the hand of Nandi, 162*n*. kōdanda, a bow, 35. Kōdanda-Rāma, epithet of Rāma, 35. Kodumbālūr, village in the Pudukkōttai State, 132. Kōlār, district, 227. Kollāpura-Mahālakshmī, form of Lakshmī, 189, 224. Kollāpuri-amma, *s.a.* Kollāpura-Mahālakshmī, 223, 224. Kolumamma, village deity, 223, 224. Kōmati, caste, *s.a.* Vaisya, 229. Konark, village in the Kalinga country, 236*n*. Kondavīdu, village and hill fortress in the Guntūr district, 24. Kongu, country, 2*n*. Korava, caste, 229. Kratudhvamsin, epithet of Siva, 155*n*. Krauncha, mountain, 177. Krishna, incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 62, 120, 196;—epithet of Vishnu, 55. krishnājina, skin of black-buck, symbol of Vāmana, 32. Krishna-mandapa, rock-cut pavilion at Mahābalipuram, 43. Krishnarāya *or* Krishnadēvarāya, Vijayanagara king, 26, 38*n*, 88. Krishnasvāmin, temple near Hampi, 38*n*. Krita-yuga, name of the first Hindu æon, 161. Krittikas (Pleiades), the six, 177. Kshatriya, caste, 197, 235, 239.

c13.32

Kṣhētrapāla, form of Śiva, 159, 161, 262n: — epithet of Vatuka-Bhairava, 161n. Kubēra, god of wealth and regent of the north, 38, 248. Kuduraivattam-udaiyāl, village deity, mentioned in Chōla inscriptions, 226. Kuja (Mars), planet, 239. Kukkanūr, village in the Nizam’s Dominions, 218. kukkuta (cock *q.v.*), symbol, in the hand of Skanda, 177, 178, 267. Kulika, serpent-chief, 251. Kulumāyamma, *s.a.* Kolumamma, 224. Kumāra, *s.a.* Skanda, 74, 82n, 177, 178, 194. Kumārasambhava, Sanskrit poem, 177. Kumbakōnam, village in the Tanjore district, 11, 32, 35n, 55, 70, 120, 227, 262n. kunchita, position of the leg in standing images, 100, 190, 251. kundikā *or* kamandalu (water-pot *q.v.*), symbol of a sannyāsin, 259. Kundōdara, demon, 100. kunkumam, red turmeric powder, 220, 222. Kunnakudi, village in the Madura district, 178. kūrpara, elbow, 114, 162n, 267. Kurukshētra, battle-field of the Mahābhārata war, 227. Kurukullā, goddess, 220. Kusadvīpa, island, 241. Kūshmānda-Durgā, form of Durgā, 202. kusti, sacred thread worn round the waist by Parsees, 236n. kuthāra, weapon, in the hand of Aghōramūrti, 148. Kuttisāttan, demon, attendant of Aiyanār, 230.

c13.33

c13.34

Laghusyāmalā, goddess, 220. Lakshmana, brother of Rāma, 35, 37, 64, 66. Lakshmī, *s.a.* Śrī, 17, 22n, 50, 52, 107, 184, 187, 189, 202, 216. Lakshmī-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 173. Lakshmī-Narasimha, form of Narasimha, 26. Lakshmī-Nārāyana, form of seated Vishnu, 52. Lalitā, goddess, 220, 222. Lalitōpākhyāna, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi; 151, 194n, 216n. lamba-patra, ornament, on the left ear of Śiva, 76. lambita, position of the leg in standing images, 190. lamp, symbol, in the hand of Trikantakīdēvī, 213. Lankā (Ceylon *q.v.*), island, 64n, 66, 223n. Lēpākshi, village in the Anantapur district, 168. līlā-mūrti, a sportive form (of Śiva), 89. Līlāsuka, Sanskrit poet, 41. lily (blue), flower, one of the five arrows of Kāma, 62: — symbol, in the hand of Pārvatī, 110, 190. lime-fruit, symbol, in the hand of Dhūmrōrnā, 243. linga, *s.a.* Śiva-linga, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 93, 97, 107, 137, 141, 143, 147, 159, 165: — worn on the head by Mahā-Lakshmī, 189: — held in the hand by Bhūtamātā, 216. Linga-Purāna, 93. Lingapurānadēva, *s.a.* Lingōdbhava, 93. linga-worship, 73. Lingāyata, sect of Śaivas, 161, 165, 268n. Lingōdbhava, form of Śiva, 24, 74, 76n, 93, 97. lion, vehicle of Budha, 239; — of Bhūtamātā, 216; — of Chāmundā, 197, 206; — of Chandēśa in the Dvāpara-yuga, 161; — of Chandī, 206; — of Hēramba-Ganapati, 173, 176; — of Mahishāsuramardinī, 206, 211; — of Pratyangirā, 213; — of Rāhu, 239; — of Skandamātā, 202; — of Śūlinī, 213; — of Vindhyavāsinī, 220: — banner of Sūrya, 236: — pedestal (s mhāsana *q.v.*) 47n, 110, 259n. Little Conjeeveram, suburb of Conjeeveram, 43. Lōkamahādēvī *or* Lōkamahādēviyār, queen of Rājarāja I., 100, 262n. Lōkapāla, form of Brahmā, 11. lotus, — the navel of Vishnu, 50n, 52: — one of the five arrows of Kāma, 62: — symbol, 35; — in the hand of Brahmā, 11; — of Garuda, 64n; — of Indra, 241; — of Jyēshthā, 216; — of Kama, 62; — of Mahā-Ganapati, 173; — of Moon, 239; — of Sudarsana, 66; — of Sun, 236; — of Varuna, 243; — of Vishnu, 17, 52: — symbol of beauty in the hand of goddesses, 17n, 143, 173, 185, 187, 189, 194, 202, 218, 220, 267: — seat or pedestal, 11, 30, 55, 76, 79, 89n, 107, 129, 173n, 187, 189, 190, 194, 199, 212, 220, 236, 239, 243. *See padma.*

c13.35

c13.36

mace, weapon, in the hand of Gōvinda-Bhairava, 151; — of Nairrita, 243. Madana-Gōpāla, form of Krishna, 43. Mādhava, *s.a.* Krishna, 41. Madhu, demon, 52, 197n. Madhukara, attendant of Surapriyā, 212. Mādhva, sect of Brāhmanas, 71. Madhvāchārya, teacher of the Dvaita school of philosophy, 259. Madras Museum, 38. Madura, country, 229, 230: — Sundarēśvara temple at, 140n, 262: — town, 173: — Vīrabhadra temple at, 159. Madurai-Vīran, attendant of Aiyanār, 212n, 230, 234. Magadha, country, 239.

c13.37

Magas, class of Sun-worshippers, 235. Māgha, lunar month (January-February), 97. Magi, Sun-worshippers of Persia, 235. Mahābalipuram (Māvalivaram), village in the Chingleput district, 2, 22, 24, 30, 32, 50, 107, 110, 143, 187, 189, 199, 202, 206, 251. Mahā-Bhairava, epithet of Kshētrapāla, 161. Mahābhārata, epic, 22, 37, 47, 100n, 141, 143, 176, 227, 267n. Mahā-Chanda, name of the guardian deity in shrines of Jina, 265. Mahādēva, s.a. Siva, 147. Mahā-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 173, 176n. Mahā-Gauri, form of Durgā, 202. Mahākailāsa, form of Siva, 77. Mahākāla, form of Siva, 151 : — epithet of Kshētrapāla, 161n : — Dvārapāla at the eastern entrance of Siva temples, 254n. Mahākali, s.a. Kālī, 197. Mahā-Lakshmī, form of Durgā, 190, 206 ; — of Lakshmī, 189. Mahā-mandapa, pavilion in a temple, 2, 241. mahāmbuja, form of pedestal, 266. mahāmbuja, serpent-chief, 251. Mahā-Padma, s.a. Mahāmbuja, 251. mahā-pītha, form of pedestal, 76. Mahā-Sadāsiva, s.a. Mahākailāsa, 77. Mahā-Sarasvatī, an emanation of Gauri, 206n. Mahā-Sāstā, s.a. Aiyanār, 229. mahāvajra, form of pedestal, 266. Mahāyāna, form of Buddhism, 184. Mahēndravarman I, Pallava king, 2. Māhēndrī, one of the Saptamātṛikās, 190, 194. Mahēsvara, s.a. Siva, 11n, 194, 236. Māhēsvaras, sect of Saiva devotees, 190. Māhēsvari, one of the Saptamātṛikās, 190, 194. Mahī, s.a. Prithvī, 17, 187. Mahishāsura, the buffalo-demon, 211, 222. Mahishāsura-mandapa, rock-cut pavilion at Mahābalipuram, 50, 206. Mahishāsuramardini, goddess, 194n, 196, 197, 202, 206, 226. Mahōdara, sage, 100n. makara (crocodile), banner of Kāma, 62. makara-kundala, ornament, on the right ear of Siva, 76 : — on the ears of Sūrya, 236. makara-tōrana, a crocodile-aureola, 265. Malabar, country, 2, 22n, 32, 230, 234. Mallamma, village deity, 224. man, vehicle of Kubēra, 248 ; — of Nairrita, 243. māna-danda, measuring rod, symbol of Visvakarma, 11n. manas (worldly wisdom), personified as Ganapati, 173. Manasā, goddess, 212. Mānasāra, work on Arts, 10, 17, 47n, 187, 190, 251.

c13.38

mandapa, an open hall or pavilion of a temple, 3, 22, 89n, 162n, 199. Mandara, mountain, 140. mandāra, one of the five celestial trees, 151. mango, — flower, one of the five arrows of Kāma, 62 : — fruit, symbol in the hand of Skanda, 110. Mānikkavāsagar (Mānikyavāchaka), Saiva saint, 89, 259n, 262. Manmatha, s.a. Kāma, 62. Mannadiyār, Dvārapāla images in Pidāri temples, 224n. Manōamani, the Sakti (goddess) of Manōnmana (Siva), 190n. Mantra, portion of the Rig-Vēda text, 37n. Manus, the two, sons of Sūrya, 236 : — the fourteen, 262. Māra, s.a. Kāma, 212n. mārani, attribute of Kāma’s arrow, 62. Mārgali, solar month (December-January), 82. margosa, tree, — its leaves used in decorating the karagam-pot, 227 : — Nāga-stones set up under it, 248. Mārikā, s.a. Sītalādēvī, 224. Māriyamma, do., 213, 223, 224. Mārkandēya, sage, devotee of Siva, 132, 137. Mārkandēya-Purāna, 197. Maruts, the seven (or forty-nine), 262. Mātangirāla (Mātangī), epithet of Pārvatī, 224. matha, the seat of a pontiff, 265. Matsya-Purāna, 236. Maurya, dynasty, 168n. Mayamata, work on Arts, 26, 50n, 62, 73n, 76n, 82n, 84n, 100n, 103, 107, 114, 147, 194, 202, 243n, 266. Mayūrabhanja, Survey of (Nāgēndra Nātha Vasu), quoted, 10n, 52n, 77n, 97n, 161n, 168n, 184n, 185, 187n, 194n, 212n, 213n, 220n, 223n. Mēnakā, mother of Pārvatī, 107. Mēru, mountain, 236, 239 : — used as bow by Tripurāntaka, 140. Meypporul-Nāyanār, Saiva saint, 262n. mirror, symbol of beauty in the hand of goddesses, 220, 267. Mlēchchhas, foreigners, 47. Mōhinī, female form of Vishnu, 10n, 100, 230. Moon, planet, 32, 73, 82n, 239, 251 : — represented by a crescent, 113 : — used as wheel to his chariot by Tripurāntaka, 140 : — one of the three eyes of Siva, 76. Mrichchhakatikā, Sanskrit drama, 178. Mritasanjivanī, medical herb, 259n. Mūdbidri, village in the South Canara district, 265. Mudgala-Purāna, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 173, 176. Mudigondam, village in the Coimbatore district, 155.

c13.39

Muhammadan converts (of the Ceded districts), devoted to Hanumān, 66. Mūkāmbikā, epithet of Vindhyavāsini, 220. Mukhalinga, form of Siva, 76n. Mukha-mandapa, pavilion in a temple, 2. Mūla-Durgā, form of Durgā, 199. mulam, linear measure, 82n. Mūlasthāna, shrine, in the Natarāja temple at Chidambaram, 76. Mundan, demon, attendant of Aiyanār, Munisvara, 230. Muralidhara, s.a. Vēnu-Gōpāla, 41. Muruga, Tamil name of Subrahmanya, 178. Musalagan, Tamil name of Apasmāra, 79, 90n, 132, 147. Mutyālamma, village deity, 223, 224. Mysore, country, 32, 187, 206, 227.

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Nāgēmātā (mother of serpents), goddess, 212. Nāgas (serpents), class of demi-gods, 64n, 227, 248, 251. Nāgendras, group of demi-gods of Jaina mythology, 265. Nāgesvara, temple, at Kumbakōnam, 120. Nairrita, god, regent of the south-west, 197n, 243. naivedyam, food offered to a god, 7. Nālāyiraprabandham, collection of Vaishnava Tamil hymns, 72, 262. Nallūr, village in the Tanjore district, 254n. Nāmakkal, rock-cut temples at, 26n, 30n, 32n, 125. nāmam, vernacular term for ūrdhvapundra (q.v.), 3, 259. Nambi-Arūranār, s.a. Sundaramūrti, 262n. Nandanār, Pariah saint, 89. Nandi, Nandīsa or Nandikēsvara bull, 2, 3: — devotee and attendant of Siva, 82n, 84, 88, 161, 162, 165: — Dvārapāla at the eastern entrance of Siva temples, 254n. Nandi-mandapa, pavilion, in the Srisailam temple, 161n. Nangai-Paravaiyār, wife of Sundaramūrti, 262n. Nara, epithet of Arjuna, 47. Nārada, sage, 38, 82n, 90, 97, 113, 254, 265. Narasa, contracted form of Narasimha, 24. Narasimha, the Man-Lion incarnation of Vishnu, 22, 24, 26, 30, 148, 190n: — epithet of Vishnu, 55: — variety of Sāligrāma, 70. Nārasimh, one of the Saptamātrikās, 190n. Nārāyana, s.a. Vishnu, 47, 125; — recognized in the orb of Sūrya, 236. Nāsatya, one of the Asvins, 259n. Natarāja, the dancing form of Siva, 74, 76n, 77, 79, 82, 84n, 88, 89, 137, 230n, 266, 267, 268. Navagrahas, the nine Planets, 74, 235. Navanīta-Ganapati, form of Ganapati, 176n. navanīta-nritta, the butter-dance of Krishna, 38n. Nāyanār, epithet of Saiva saints, 259. Negapatam, village in the Tanjore district, 173. Nēpāl, Ganēsa temple in, 168n. Nēralamma, village deity, 224. Niddesa, Buddhist work, 248n. nidhi (treasure), symbol, in the hand of Sukra, 239. Nilādevī, goddess, consort of Vishnu, 17n. Nilagunda, village in Bellary district, 52n. Nilakantha, form of Siva, 137. Nirriti, epithet of Jyēsthā, 216n. Nirukta, commentary on the Mantra portion of the Rig-Vēda, 37n. Nisumbha, demon, 222. Nityaklinnadēvatās, group of goddesses attending on Lalitā, 216n. noose (pāsa or nāgapāsa), weapon, in the hand of Aghōramūrti, 148; — of Annapūrnā, 218; — of Bālā-Sakti, 222; — of Bhairava, 151; — of Chāmundā, Durgā, Mahishāsuramardini and Mahā-Lakshmi-194, 206, 211; — of Chandēsa in the Dvāpara-yuga, 161; — of Gajahāmūrti, 125; — of Mahā-Ganapati, 173; — (Yama), 137, 243; — of Kāla (servant of Yama), 243; — of Lakshmi, 189: — of Lalitā, Tripurasundarī and Rājarājēsvarī, 220; — of Mahā-Ganapati, 173; — of Mahākāla, 151; — of Māhēndrī, 194: — of Natarāja, (in Kālikā-tāndava), 84, (in Samhāra-tāndava), 88; — of Pārvatī, 190; — of Pratyangirā, 213; — of Sarasvatī, 185; — of Skanda, 177, 178; — of Sudarsana, 66; — of Sūlinī, 213; — of Vajraprastārini, 212n; — of Varuna, 243. Nrisimha, s.a. Narasimha, 24, 66, 70. Nrisimhaprasāda, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 10, 202. Nūkalamma, village deity, 224.

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Ōchchans, class of Sākta priests, 226. Om, the sacred mystic syllable of the Hindus, 220. Ōnam, harvest festival in Malabar, 35. owl, vehicle of Mahākālī, 197.

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Pādālamma, village deity, 224. paddle of gems, symbol, in the hand of Kurukullā, 220. padma (lotus q.v.), symbol of Vishnu, 55. Padma, s.a. Abja, serpent-chief, 251. Padmanābha, form of reclining Vishnu, 50: — epithet of Vishnu, 55. Padmanidhi (treasure), attendant of Kubēra, 248. padma-pitha, the lotus pedastal, 155, 266. Padma-Purāna, 51, 189. padmāsana, posture in sitting, 259, 265, 266.

c13.46

Padmōttarakhanda, quoted, 216n. Paidamma, village deity, 224. Paithan, country of, 239. Palani-Āndavar, name of Skanda on the Palni Hill, 177n. Pallava, dynasty, 1, 2, 43, 73, 88, 107. Pallis, class of Sūdras, 227. Palligondān, Tamil name for the reclining form of Vishnu, 50. Palni (Palnis), hill and village in the Madura district, 177n, 178. Panchadehamūrti, image of Siva with five bodies, 77. Panchamukhalinga, the Siva-linga with five faces, 77. Panchamukha-Vināyaka, s.a. (?) Hēramba-Ganapati, 176. Panchanadēsvara, temple, at Tiruvādi, 159n. Panchaparameshthins, group of images worshipped by the Jainas, 265. Pāncharātrāgama, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 17n, 26, 32n, 43, 55, 151, 155, 185. Panchavaktra-Bhairava, form of Bhairava, 151. Pāndavas, one of the contending parties in the war of the Mahābhārata, 47, 227. Pānduranga, form of standing Vishnu at Pandharpur, 55. Pāndurangāshtaka, Sanskrit poem by Sankarāchārya, 55. Pāndya, country, 2n, 229. pānivattam, vernacular name for the pedestal of a Siva-linga, 73. Paradēsamma, village deity, 224. Paramēsvaramangalam, village in the Chingleput district, 190. Parāntaka I, Chōla king, 88. Parasurāma, incarnation of Vishnu, 22. Parasurāmēsvara, temples of Siva called after Parasurāma, 22n. pārijāta-flower, 220. Parivārālayattu-Pillaiyār, Ganapati image mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions, 176. parrot, vehicle of Kāma, 62 :— symbol of beauty in the hand of Durgā, 199, 202, 267 :— (four), yoked to the chariot of Agni, 243. Pārsees, 236n. Pārtha, epithet of Arjuna, 47. Pārthasārathi, epithet of Krishna, 47. Pārvatī, consort of Siva, 74, 76, 79, 82n, 84, 90, 103, 107, 110, 113, 120, 141, 143, 147, 162n, 165, 184, 190, 196, 197n, 202, 212n, 224. Pāsupata, sect of Saivas, 148, 161. Pāsupata, weapon, presented by Siva to Arjuna, 141, 143. Pāsupatamūrti, form of Siva, 148, 268. pataha, kind of drum, 82n. Patanjali, sage (with serpent body), 82, 84n, 88 ;— author of the Mahābhāshya, 178. Pattālamma, village deity, 224. Pattini, name of Kannagi in Ceylon, 229.

c13.47.1

Pāvadairāyan, general of Aiyanār, 230. peacock, vehicle of Kaumārī, 194 ;— of Skanda, 177, 178 :— its feathers, ornament on the head of Krishna, 38, 43n;— of Natarāja, 79, 268 ;— of Tvaritā, 212:— symbol, in the hand of Bhikshātana and Kankāla, 100, 103 ;— of Natarāja, 84 ;— of Skanda, 177 :— accompaniment of Dakshināmūrti, 90n. Pēchi, village deity, 224. Peddintamma, do., 224. Pērantālamma, do. 229. Periya-Perumāl, epithet of Rājarāja I, 262n. Periyapurānam, Tamil work, 147, 161, 162, 262. Persia, 235. Perunjingadēva, Pallava king, 88. Pērūr, village in the Coimbatore district, 100, 125. pestle (musala), weapon, in the hand of Chāmundā, 194;— of Hēramba-Ganapati, 173 ;— of Sudarsana, 66. phālapatta, ornament on the forehead of Pārvatī, 190. phallic cult, 72. Pichchāndār, Tamil name for Bhikshātana, 100. Pidāri, Tamil name for a village goddess, 196, 211, 216, 224, 226. piercing (with metallic wire), ceremony observed in temples of village deities, 226. Pillaiyār, Tamil name for Ganapati, 176. pipal, tree, 47n :— abode of Bhūtamātā, 216 ;— of Jyēshthā, 216n :— sacred to the goddess Vaishnavī, 196 :— Nāga stones set up under it, 248 :— its marriage with margosa, 248. Pisāchas (devils), class of goblins, 148, 230. pīthapadma, form of pedestal, 266. pīthas, pedestals, 266 :— mystic geometrical figures connected with Sakti worship, 185, 220. Pitridrōhin, epithet of Chandēsa, 162. Planets, the nine, 70, 235, 236, 239, 241, 266n.

c13.47.2

plough, symbol, in the hand of Balarāma, 37n ;— of Skanda, 177, 178 ;— of Sudarsana, 66. Poduvagai-Ūrudaiyāl, village deity, mentioned in Chōla inscriptions, 226. Pōiēramma, village deity, s.a. Sītalā, 224. Ponnamma, village deity, 223, 224. pot, — of fire, symbol, in the hand of Natarāja, 77, 84, 88;— of Dakshināmūrti, 90:— of flesh, in the hand of Sivadūti, 216 ;— of gems, in the hand of Saubhāgyabhuvanēsvarī, 218 :— of ghee, in the hand of Agni, 243;— of Brahmā, 11n:— of nectar, in the hand of Dhanvantari, 259;— of Gaja-Lakshmī, 187;— of Garuda, 64n :— of rubies, in the hand of Mahā-Ganapati, 173 :— of treasures, seen below the feet of Pṛthvī, 187 : — of wine, in the hand of Kūṣmāṇḍa-Durgā, 202 ; — of Surapriyā, 212. *See cup and vessel.* prabhā or prabhā-maṇḍala, arch of light, 79, 155. Prachaṇḍa, name of Chaṇḍēśa in Kṛtayuga, 161 ; — of a Dvārapāla image, 251. Pradēśamūrti, *s.a.* Chandrasēkhara, 114. Pradyumna, epithet of Kāmadēva, 62 : — form of standing Viṣṇu, 52*n*, 55, 62 : — variety of Sāligrāma, 70. Prahlāda, demon, devotee of Viṣṇu, 26. Prajāpati or Prajāpati-Brahmā, form of Brahmā, 11. Prajāpatis, the nine, 262. prākāra, the wall surrounding a temple, 3, 35, 185*n*. prāṇa, vital breath, 213. prāṇapratiṣṭhā, ceremony of infusing prāṇa into an image, 213*n*. Prāṇasakti, goddess, 212, 213*n*. Pratyangirā, *do.* 213. Prayōgaratna, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 236*n*, 266*n*. Prayōgasāra, name of a work, 161. prēta, a ghost, 148. Pṛthvī, *s.a.* Bhū, 17, 52, 187.

c13.47.3

Prīti (pleasure), consort of Kāma, 62 : — one of the Sakti goddesses of Viṣṇu, 189. prōkṣaṇī (sprinkler), symbol, in the hand of Agni, 243. protecting pose of hand in images, 17, 52*n*, 120, 173, 187, 218, 241. *See abhaya.* Pudding, symbol, in the hand of Gaṇapati, 168, 173. Pudgalai, wife of Aiyanār, 212*n*, 230. pūjā, worship, 226, 229. Pulindas, an aboriginal tribe, 223. Pullagunta, village in the Guṇṭūr district, 224*n*. Pung (i.e., Puṅganūr)-amma, village deity, 223. punnai-tree, processional vehicle used in Viṣṇu temples, 47 : — grove of, 226. Punnaitturainangai, village deity, mentioned in Chōla inscriptions, 226. Pūranai, wife of Aiyanār, 212, 230*n*. Purāṇas, the eighteen, 7, 79, 177, 196, 224, 254, 262. Purāṇic, 11, 55, 129, 132, 137, 140. Purāri, *s.a.* Tripurāntaka, 76*n*. Pūri-Jagannāth, temple at, 37*n*. pūrṇapātra (vessel full of water), symbol of Agni, 243. Pūrṇāsvā, female deity attending on Surapriyā, 212. Puṣkalā, *do.* 212. Puṣpagiri, village in the Cuddapah district, 47, 143. Puṣpaka, the ærial car of Kubēra, 37. Puṣṭi (strength), one of the Sakti goddesses of Viṣṇu, 189.

c13.48

Q quadrangle (i.e., quadrangular fire-pit), the residence of Agni, 243.

c13.49

R Rādhā, cowherd girl of Brindāvana, a favourite of Kṛiṣṇa, 41. Rādhā-Kṛiṣṇa, form of Kṛiṣṇa, 41. Rāhu (the ascending node), planet, 239. Raichūr, Śiva temple at, 77*n*. Rājadhirāja I., Chōla king, 254. Rājamātaṅgi, goddess, 220. Rājarāja I., Chōla king, 77, 88*n*, 100, 114*n*, 147, 165, 176, 226, 262*n*, 268. Rājarājēśvara, *s.a.* Bṛihadīśvara, 77, 88*n*. Rājarājēśvarī, goddess, 220. rajas or rājasic form, of Vīraphadra, 159 ; — of Kṣhētrapāla, 159. Rājñī, consort of Sūrya, 236. rājōpachāra, form of ritual, 3. Rākṣhasas, class of demi-gods, 243, 251 : — subdued by Rāma, 37. Rakṣhōghṇamūrti, form of Śiva, 148. Rakta-Jyeṣhṭhā, form of Jyēṣhṭhā, 216. ram, vehicle, of Mars, 239 : — of Agni, 243. Rāma, incarnation of Viṣṇu, 22, 35, 37*n*, 64, 266*n* : — king of Ayōdhyā, 35, 37, 66 : — the axe-bearer (Paraśurāma), 22*n*. Rāmachandra *or* Rāmabhadra, *s.a.* Rāma, 35. Rāmānujāchārya, teacher of the Viśiṣhṭādvaita school of philosophy, 259. Rāmaśvāmin, temple, at Kumbakōṇam, 32, 35*n*, 55. Rāmāyaṇa, epic, 22, 35, 37*n*, 90*n*, 129, 224*n*. Rāmēśvaram, island, 35, 64*n*, 230, 251. ranga, an assembly-hall, 50*n*. Ranganātha, form of reclining Viṣṇu, 50. rat, vehicle of Gaṇapati, 168, 173. rathas, monolithic monuments at Mahābalipuram, 2. Rati (love), consort of Kāma, 62. Ratnasabhāpati, the pebble Śiva-liṅga worshipped in the temple of Naṭarāja at Chidambaram, 76. Raudrī, the Sakti-(goddess) of Rudra (Śiva), 190*n*. ravi-maṇḍala, aureola behind the images of Naṭarāja, 79*n*. Reddi, dynasty, 24. Rēvanta, son of Sūrya, 236. Riddhi, consort of Kubēra, 248. Rik *or* Rig-Vēda, 37*n*, 97, 220. Riṣhabhavāhana, *s.a.* Vṛiṣhavāhana, 113. riṣhi, a sage, 52*n*, 79*n*, 90*n*, 100*n*, 132, 254. rock-cut temples, 2*n*, 30*n*. rosary (akṣhamālā), symbol, in the hand, of Aghōramūrti, 148 ; — of Bālā-Sakti, 222 ; — of Brahmā, 10, 11, 103, 113 ; — of Brahmachāriṇī, 202 ; — of Bṛihaspati, 239 ; — of Bhringi, 165*n* ; — of Dakṣhiṇāmūrti, 90, 93 ; — of Gaṇapati, 168, (Hēramba-Ganapati) 173; — of Gaṅgādhara, 132; — of Hayagrīva, 55; — of Lakshmī, 189; — of Pārvatī, 190; — of Pāsupatamūrti, 148; — of rishi-images, 254; — of Sarasvatī, 185; — of Skanda, 177; — of Sukra, 239; — of Agni and Yama, 243. Rudra or Rudramūrti, general form of Siva images, 76, 77, 114, 155, 218n, 223n, 236n. rudrāksha-beads, 259. Rudrayāmala-Tantra, work quoted in the Tattvanidhi, 155n. Rukminī, consort of Krishna, 43.

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South-Indian Images of Gods and Goddesses c13: Index

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