A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c15.20

c15.20

| *No.* | *School.* | *Founder.* | *Relative Rank.* | *Period.* | *Remarks by V. A. S.* |
| I. | 'Middle Country' (= Magadhan) | Bimbasāra of Magadha | Equal to pre-Asokan art | King Buddhapaksha (? 5th or 6th cent.) | Covers the Gupta school, in part. |
| II. | 'Ancient West' | Śriṅgadhara of Maru (*scil.* Mārwār or Jodhpur) | Equal to Asokan art | King Śīla. | Probably *Śīlāditya Guhila of Mewār* or Udaipur, flor. A. D. 646. See sculptures described *ante*, Chap. VII, Sect. 4, p. 205. |
| III. | 'Eastern' | Dhīmān of Varendra (Bengal) | Equal to art of Nāgārjuna's time | Kings Devapāla and Dharmapāla | Tāranāth erroneously places Devapāla before Dharmapāla, who reigned about A.D. 780 to 844. Dhīmān thus falls within first half of 9th cent. |
| IV. | 'Later Middle Country' (= Magadhan) | Bitpālo, son of Dhīmān. (But in bronze-casting Bitpālo was regarded as head of the 'Eastern' school | —— | Ditto | Bitpālo may be placed in reign of Devapāla, *cir.* A.D. 844 to 892. Apparently in sculpture we may trace the Mediaeval Bihār school back to Bitpālo and the Orissan school back to Dhīmān. See *ante*, Chap. VII, Sect. 2. |
| V. | Nepāl (1) | —— | Resembled No. II | —— | Perhaps introduced in 7th cent. by Harsha Śīlāditya *of Kanauj*. |
| | (2) | —— | Resembled No. III. | —— | Perhaps influenced by the powerful Pāla dynasty in 9th and 10th cent. |
| | (3) | —— | Nothing distinctive | To A.D. 1600 | |
| VI. | Kashmīr (1) | —— | Resembled 'Middle Country School of Ancient West' | —— | Perhaps Tāranāth may mean an Eastern form of 'Ancient West' (No. II) school introduced by Lalitāditya after his conquest of Kanauj, *cir.* A.D. 740? |
| | (2) | Hasurāja | —— | —— | Can Hasurāja be Haṁsarāja, minister of Queen Diddā, A.D. 1000 (*Rājat.*, Bk. vi, l. 350)? |
| VII. | Southern India | Jaya, Parojaya, Vijaya | —— | —— | |