A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c5: List of Illustrations

A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day c5

Language: English

List of Illustrations

| | PAGE |
| *Frontispiece.* Figure from Cave XVII, Ajantā. | |
| FIG. 1. The great *stūpa*, Sānchī, as restored | 14 |
| PL. I. The great *stūpa*, Sānchī, east side, before restoration | 15 |
| FIG. 2. Elevation of railing | 16 |
| 3. Plan of Buddhist church | 19 |
| 4. Façade of rock-cut church at Nāsik, *circa* B. C. 150 | 19 |
| 5. Façade of Lomas Rishi Cave, Barābar Hills, Gayā | 20 |
| PL. II. Asoka inscribed Pillar at Lauriyā-Nandangarh | 21 |
| FIG. 6. Jain column at Mūdabidri, S. Kanara | 22 |
| 7. Sketch of processional car | 24 |
| 8. Mukteśvara temple, Bhuvanesvar, Orissa | 25 |
| 9. Details of Rājarānī temple, Bhuvanesvar | 26 |
| PL. III. Āryāvarta style, Great Temple, Bhuvanesvar | 27 |
| IV. Temple of the Sun, Konārak, Orissa, as excavated. | 29 |
| FIG. 10. Temple in Bengali style, Dinājpur | 30 |
| PL. V. Āryāvarta (Indo-Aryan) style; temple of Viśvanāth at Khajurāho | 31 |
| VI. Part of ceiling of Temple of Vimalasāha, Mt. Ābū, A. D. 1031 | 33 |
| VII. Pillars of upper hall of Tejpāl's Temple, Mt. Ābū, A. D. 1230 | 34 |
| VIII. Temple of the Sun at Osia, Jodhpur State, Rājputāna | 35 |
| FIG. 11. Ganeśa (Ganēsh) Ratha, Māmallapuram | 36 |
| PL. IX. Dravidian style; Temple of Subrāhmaṇya, Tanjore | 37 |
| FIG. 12. Mukteśvara Temple, Kānchī, from the south-west | 38 |
| 13. Madura Temple, general view | 39 |
| 14. Somnāthpur triple, stellate temple, Mysore, A. D. 1268 | 40 |
| PL. X. Deccan style; temple, Nuggēhalli, Mysore, A. D. 1249 | 41 |
| FIG. 15. The Council Hall, Vijayanagar | 42 |

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| PL. XI. Hoysaleśvara Temple, Halebīd; sculptures on east end | 43 |
| FIG. 16. Plan of ceiling in Sūryanārāyanaswāmi Temple at Māgalā | 45 |
| 17. Details of temple of Mārtand, Kashmīr | 46 |
| PL. XII. Temple at Bhātgāon, A. D. 1703 | 47 |
| FIG. 18. Stone railing at Anurādhapura, as restored | 50 |
| 19. Siva temple No. 1, at Polonnāruwa, west wall | 51 |
| 20. Stucco reliefs on porch of the Hetadāgē, Polonnāruwa | 52 |
| 21. Circular shrine (*waṭa-dā-gē*) at Polonnāruwa; part of north-eastern quadrant | 53 |
| 22. The same; western stairs | 54 |
| 23. Circular shrine (*waṭa-dā-gē*) at Medirigiriya, N.C.P. | 54 |
| 24. Capital at Abhayagiri Vihāre, Anurādhapura | 55 |
| 25. Capital at Abhayagiri Vihāre, Anurādhapura | 55 |
| 26. Column at Galapāta vihārē, Bentota, S.P. | 56 |
| 27. Column in Ruwanveli area, Anurādhapura, with extra fillets; 9 ft. 4 in. high | 56 |

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CHAPTER III

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| FIG. 28. Capital of Sankisa pillar | 60 |
| PL. XIII. Capital of inscribed Asoka pillar at Sārnāth | 61 |
| FIG. 29. Asoka pillar at Bakhirā, Muzaffarpur District | 62 |
| PL. XIV. Colossal female statue from Besnagar | 63 |
| FIG. 30. The Heliodoros pillar, Besnagar | 65 |
| 31. Fan-palm capital, Besnagar | 65 |
| 32. Part of coping and pillar, Bodh-Gayā | 66 |
| 33. Part of coping and pillar, Bodh-Gayā sacred tree, &c. | 66 |
| 34. Winged lion | 67 |
| 35. Winged ox | 67 |
| 36. Centaur | 68 |
| 37. Coping: fish-tailed monsters | 68 |

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| Pl. XV. Bharhut, inner view of eastern gateway . | 69 | Pl. XXIII. Kapila relief, Isurumuniya, Anurādhapura . . . . . . . . | 93 |
| Fig. 38. Horse-headed female . . . . | 70 | Fig. 54. Seated Buddha, 5 ft. 9 in. high; *in situ* at Toluvila, Anurādhapura; now in Colombo Museum; probably of early date; a native seated at side . . . . . . . . . | 94 |
| 39. Buffalo . . . . . . . | 71 | | |
| 40. Man and woman . . . . . | 71 | | |
| 41. Bharhut; comic scene . . . . | 72 | | |
| 42. Bharhut; elephant and monkeys . | 72 | | |
| 43. Bharhut; *jātaka* scene on coping . | 73 | | |
| 44. Sudarsanā Yakshī, Bharhut . . | 74 | | |
| 45. A Yakshī, Batanmārā, near Bharhut | 74 | ## CHAPTER IV | |
| Pl. XVI. Eastern gateway of great *stūpa*, Sānchī, back view . . . . | 75 | Fig. 55. Head of Bodhisattva . . . . | 100 |
| XVII. Sānchī sculptures. A. West gate, back; B. South gate, pillar . . | 77 | 56. Head of old man . . . . | 100 |
| Fig. 46. Bracket figure, &c.; eastern gateway, Sānchī . . . . . . . | 79 | 57. Perso-Ionic capital of Maurya age, Sārnāth . . . . . . . | 102 |
| 47. Nāga shrine, &c.; eastern gateway, Sānchī . . . . . . . | 80 | 58. Modillions . . . . . . | 102 |
| 48. Three men in a boat, &c.; the inundation miracle; eastern gateway, Sānchī . . . . . . . | 80 | Pl. XXIV. Buddha, &c.; slab from Muhammad Nari . . . . . . . | 103 |
| Pl. XVIII. Processional scenes, Mathurā; in a *toraṇa* arch . . . . | 81 | XXV. Modified Corinthian capitals from Gandhāra . . . . . . . | 105 |
| Fig. 49. Part of frieze on *toraṇa* beam, Mathurā; worship of a *stūpa* . . | 82 | Fig. 59. Buddha attended by Vajrapāṇi, from Yūsufzai, Dames Collection, Berlin | 106 |
| 50. Fragments in Bharhut style, Mathurā Museum . . . . . . . | 83 | Pl. XXVI. Seated Buddha, Berlin Museum . | 107 |
| 51. Visit of Indra to Buddha, Mathurā Museum . . . . . . . | 83 | Fig. 60. Visit of Indra to Buddha in Indraśaila Cave . . . . . . . . | 109 |
| 52. Female statue, Jayavijaya cave, Udayagiri, Orissa, ? 2nd cent. B. C. . | 84 | 61. Gautama as emaciated ascetic (Sikrī) | 110 |
| Pl. XIX. Portion of frieze in Rānī Gumphā Cave, Udayagiri, Orissa, ? 2nd cent. B. C. . . . . . . | 85 | Pl. XXVII. Various Buddhas. A. Buddha with fire and water issuing from him; B. Buddha seated under tree; C. Buddha seated, early style; D. Buddha on lotus-seat, with attendants . . . . . . | 111 |
| Fig. 53. Man and boy, Amarāvatī . . | 87 | Fig. 62. Bodhisattva, Lahore Museum . . | 112 |
| Pl. XX. Sculptured stelae at Abhayagiri *dāgaba*, Anurādhapura. A. East stele of south chapel; B. The same stele, and a Nāga; C. East stele of north chapel . . . . . . | 89 | 63. Bodhisattva from Yūsufzai (L. Dames, Berlin) . . . . . . . . | 112 |
| XXI. Stelae, Abhayagiri and Ruwanveli. A. North stele, east chapel, Abhayagiri; B. Nāga door-keeper, Ruwanveli *vihāre* . . . . . | 90 | Pl. XXVIII. Kuvera in form of Zeus . . | 113 |
| XXII. Ancient grotesque figures, Anurādhapura. A. Dwarf door-keeper, Ruwanveli *dāgaba*; B. Dwarf right-handed door-keeper of south porch of west chapel of Jetawanārāma; C. Part of dado, Ruwanveli *dāgaba*, *vihāre* . . . . . | 91 | Fig. 64. Kuvera and Hārītī; from Sahrī-Bahlol | 114 |
| | | 65. Hārītī; from Sikrī . . . . . | 115 |
| | | 66. Pallas Athene; Lahore Museum . . | 116 |
| | | 67. Woman and tree, from Yūsufzai (L. Dames, Berlin) . . . . . | 116 |
| | | 68. Woman holding mirror, from Yūsufzai (L. Dames, Berlin) . . . . | 116 |
| | | 69. Man playing lyre (*vīṇā*), from Yūsufzai (L. Dames, Berlin) . . . . | 117 |
| | | 70. Garuḍa and the Nāginī, from Sanghāo | 117 |
| | | 70 *a*. Same subject . . . . . . | 117 |
| | | 71. Vatican Rape of Ganymede . . | 118 |
| | | 72. Boys armed as soldiers . . . . | 119 |
| | | 73. Old man, ? Hindu ascetic . . . | 119 |

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| FIG. 74. The Great Renunciation ; Chandaka leading out the horse Kanthaka . . 120 | PL. XXXIII. Slab with representation of a *stūpa*, &c., from the base of the great *stūpa*, Amarāvatī . . 149 |
| 75. Gautama riding away ; Lahore Museum . . 120 | FIG. 101. Slab with representation of a *stūpa*, from votive *stūpa*, Amarāvatī . 151 |
| PL. XXIX. The Nativity of Buddha, from Yūsufzai (L. Dames, Berlin) . . 121 | 102. Basal medallion on pillar of rail, with plinth . . 152 |
| FIG. 76. Worship of *trisūl* symbol by monks 122 | 103. Undulating roll motive on coping of rail, Amarāvatī . . 152 |
| PL. XXX. Procession of maskers and soldiers 123 | 104. Pilaster, Amarāvatī . . 153 |
| FIG. 77. Frieze of marine deities ; British Museum . . 124 | 105. Lotus forms . . 154 |
| 78. Four-armed image, from Momand Frontier . . 125 | 106. Lotus and *makara* . . 154 |
| | 107. A pond . . 154 |
| # CHAPTER V | 108. Marble Buddhas . . 155 |
| FIG. 79. Herakles and the Nemean lion, from Mathurā . . 134 | 109. Sculptured and inscribed pedestal, 2½ feet high, in front of Jain shrine at Dānavulapāḍ, Cuddapah District . . 156 |
| PL. XXXI. Bacchanalian scene ; front group of the Stacy block, Mathurā . 135 | 110. Jain Tīrthankara and Yakshī ; near Dānavulapāḍ, Cuddapah District 157 |
| FIG. 80. Pālī Khera block, front group . 137 | |
| 81. Bacchanalian image, ? Kuvera, from Huvishka's monastery, Jamālpur mound . . 138 | # CHAPTER VI |
| 82. Bacchanalian statuette . . 139 | FIG. 111. River goddess ; Udayagiri, Bhopāl 160 |
| 83. Bacchanalian Nāga, from Kūkargrāma . . 139 | 112. The Ganges goddess, Besnagar . 160 |
| 84. Nāga statue, with inscription of Huvishka's reign, from Chhargaon . 140 | PL. XXXIV. Siva as an ascetic (*mahāyogī*); Dēogarh temple . . 161 |
| 85. Yakshī on dwarf ; Mathurā Museum 140 | XXXV. Vishnu on Ananta ; Dēogarh temple . . 163 |
| 86. Two Yakshīs (?) ; Indian Museum . 141 | FIG. 113. Female image, Rājgir . . 164 |
| 87. Female, half-back view ; Mathurā Museum . . 141 | PL. XXXVI. Krishna and his mother; Pathārī 165 |
| 88. Female with right arm bent ; Mathurā Museum . . 141 | FIG. 114. Buddhist pillar, front ; Gaṛhwā . 166 |
| 89. Female with right leg bent ; Mathurā Museum . . 141 | 115. Buddhist pillar, side ; Gaṛhwā . 166 |
| 90. Female and child ; Mathurā Museum 142 | PL. XXXVII. Decoration of Dhamēkh *stūpa*. |
| 91. A soldier ; Mathurā Museum . . 142 | A. *Tiringi talai* pattern, Ceylon ; |
| 92. Lion and rider ; Indian Museum . 142 | B. Dhamēkh *stūpa*; decoration on west face, right-hand half ; C. Decoration south-east side . . 167 |
| 93. A Bodhisattva, from the Katra ; Mathurā Museum . . 143 | FIG. 116. Pilaster ; Sārnāth . . 168 |
| 94. Bodhisattva from Mathurā . . 143 | PL. XXXVIII. Seated Buddha, Sārnāth . 169 |
| 95. Nude female on Jain railing pillar, Mathurā . . 144 | FIG. 117. Buddha ; Mathurā Museum . 171 |
| PL. XXXII. Tablet with relief sculpture of a Jain *stūpa*; Mathurā Museum . 145 | 118. Colossal copper statue of Buddha, Sultānganj ; Birmingham Museum 171 |
| FIG. 96. Draped bracket figure . . 146 | 119. The Mankuwār Buddha . . 173 |
| 97. Fish-tailed elephant . . 146 | 120. Brass Buddha from Kāngrā District 173 |
| 98. Bull . . 147 | 121. Budhagupta pillar ; Eran, Sāgar District . . 174 |
| 99. Shell . . 147 | 122. Manjuśrī ; from Sārnāth . . 175 |
| 100. Modified vine-leaf . . 147 | PL. XXXIX. The Temptation of Buddha, Cave XXVI, Ajanṭā . . 177 |

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| Fig. 123. Buddha, &c., Cave IX, Ajaṇṭā | 178 |
| 124. Male and female busts; Cave III, Auraṅgābād | 179 |
| 125. Bronze Buddha, ? 6th cent.; from Buddhavāni, Kistna District; B. M. | 180 |
| 126. Bronze forearm in three positions; ? 6th cent.; from Buddhavāni, Kistna District; B. M. | 180 |

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CHAPTER VII

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| Fig. 127. Avalokiteśvara; ? 8th cent., from near Gayā; Lucknow Museum | 185 |
| 128. Buddha from Kurkihār; Lucknow Museum | 186 |
| Pl. XL. Sūrya, the Sun, driven in 7-horsed lotus-car by the legless Aruṇa, the Dawn | 187 |
| Fig. 129. Mārīchī, goddess of Dawn; from Kurkihār; Lucknow Museum | 188 |
| 130. Buddha; from near Rājgir; ? 12th cent. | 189 |
| 131. Scroll on Paraśurāmeśvara temple, Bhuvanesvar | 191 |
| 132. Scroll with birds, &c., Rājārānī temple, Bhuvanesvar | 191 |
| 133. Antelope frieze, Mukteśvara temple, Bhuvanesvar | 192 |
| 134. Panel on tower of Great Temple, Bhuvanesvar | 192 |
| 135. Dancing girl on Baitāl Dēwal, Bhuvanesvar | 193 |
| 136. Bhagavatī, Great Temple, Bhuvanesvar | 193 |
| 137. Mother and child; temple of Jagannāth, Purī | 194 |
| 138. A wheel; Konārak | 194 |
| 139. Two horses; Konārak | 195 |
| 140. A colossal horse; Konārak | 195 |
| 141. Colossal elephant; Konārak | 196 |
| 142. Vishṇu; Konārak | 197 |
| 143. Bāla-Kṛishṇa; Konārak | 197 |
| 144. The Apostle of the Mongols; bronze in Ukhtomskij Collection | 199 |
| 145. Gilt bronze statuette of Tsong-kapa, about 5 inches high | 199 |
| Pl. XLI. Bronze images of Tibetan deities and saints. A. A teacher, gilt bronze, about 4 inches high, Pitt-Rivers Museum; B. The Bodhisattva Manjuśrī, patinated bronze, about 6 inches high, Pitt-Rivers Museum; C. The goddess Sarasvatī, Ukhtomskij Collection | 201 |
| Fig. 146. Sculptures on a wall of Mokaljī’s temple, Chitōr | 204 |
| 147. Elephant-fight frieze from same temple | 204 |
| 148. Face in wall of temple, Vasantgaṛh | 205 |
| 149. Kuvera; Temple No. 9, Osia | 206 |
| 150. Statuette of Vishnu; Mathurā Museum | 207 |
| 151. Portrait bust; Bijolia, Mewār | 208 |
| Pl. XLII. Deities in Vaishnava cave, Bādāmī | 209 |
| XLIII. Bhairava; Dasāvatār Cave, Elūra | 211 |
| Fig. 152. Śiva dancing; in Laṅkeśvara-Kailās temple | 212 |
| Pl. XLIV. Rescue of Mārkaṇḍeya by Śiva. A. Das Avatār Cave, Elūra, *cir.* 700 a. d.; B. Kailās temple, Elūra, *cir.* 775 a. d. | 213 |
| Fig. 153. Vishnu taking the third stride; Cave 16, Elūra | 214 |
| 154. Marriage of Śiva and Pārvatī; Elephanta | 215 |
| 155. Śiva as the Great Ascetic; Elephanta | 216 |
| 156. Bracket statuette; Karvati temple | 217 |
| 157. Brahmā and Sarasvatī; Amarnāth | 218 |
| Pl. XLV. Durgā and Mahishāsura relief, Māmallapuram | 219 |
| XLVI. Rock-sculpture, ‘Arjuna’s Penance’ (right side), at Māmallapur, Chingleput District | 221 |
| Fig. 158. Sculpture of Pallava period (? 7th cent.) at Trichinopoly | 222 |
| 159. Śiva dancing; on north wall of great temple at Gaṅgaikoṇḍa-Choḷapuram | 224 |
| 160. God and goddess (Śiva and Pārvatī); on north wall of great temple at Gaṅgaikoṇḍa-Choḷapuram | 225 |
| 161. Śiva and Pārvatī; on north wall of great temple at Gaṅgaikoṇḍa-Choḷapuram, Trichinopoly District | 226 |
| 162. ‘Rāvaṇa’s Penance’; on temple at Dārāsuram, Tanjore District | 227 |
| 163. Bracket figure over capital of east | |

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| door of Malikārjuna temple, Kuruvatti, Bellary District | 228 | Fig. 179. Seated Buddha; limestone, about 3 feet high; from Vihāra, No. 2, Polonnāruwa; now in Colombo Museum | 241 |
| Pl. XLVII. Rāmāyana reliefs, Vijayanagar. A. Part of relief sculpture; Hazāra Rāma temple, Vijayanagar; B. Ditto | 229 | 180. Colossal Buddha at Awkana, N. C. P. | 242 |
| Fig. 164. Scroll, Harihareśvara temple, Bellary District | 230 | Pl. XLIX. Colossal statue of 'Ānanda', Polonnāruwa | 243 |
| 165. *Makara toraṇa* (arch), Malikārjuna temple, Kuruvatti | 230 | Fig. 181. The Dying Buddha, 38 feet long; at Tantri-malai | 244 |
| 166. Part of jamb of N. *gopura*, Tārpatri temple, Anantapur District | 231 | 182. The 'stone-book', Polonnāruwa | 244 |
| 167. *Yāli*, or rampant lion, in Vijayanagar style, at Virinchipuram | 232 | 183. Stelē from Vihāre, No. 2, Polonnāruwa | 245 |
| 168. Female figure at Jinji (Gingee), S. Arcot, *cir.* a. d. 1500 | 232 | 184. Pārvatī, from Siva temple, No. 1, Polonnāruwa | 245 |
| 169. Sculptures in hall of Udaiyār-pālaiyam palace | 233 | 185. *Makara-toraṇa*, Vijayārāma monastery | 246 |
| 170. Siva supplicating; Tirumal Nāik's choultry, at Madura | 234 | Pl. L. Brass (or pale bronze) statue of Pattinī Devī, goddess of chastity, Ceylon, in British Museum | 247 |
| 171. Woman and baby; Great Temple, Madura District | 234 | Fig. 186. Bronze panel from Anurādhapura, No. 96 in 'List of finds', Colombo Museum | 249 |
| 172. *Asura* (demon) and monkeys; Rāmeśvaram temple, Madura District | 235 | 187. Bronze statuette, ? of a Bodhisattva, from Anurādhapura; No. 97, 'List of finds', Colombo Museum | 250 |
| 173. Female carrying male deity; entrance corridor, Rāmeśvaram temple | 235 | Pl. LI. Bronze Siva Naṭarāja, 3 feet high, No. 1, from Polonnāruwa (Colombo Museum) | 251 |
| Pl. XLVIII. Brass portrait images of Krishnarāya of Vijayanagar (a. d. 1510–29) and his Queens; in the Śrī Nivāsa Perumal temple on the hill of Tirumalai near Tirupati, N. Arcot District | 237 | Fig. 188. Siva Naṭarāja; No. 15, from Polonnāruwa, 2 feet high | 253 |
| Fig. 174. Siva Naṭarāja; from Tanjore District, preserved in local treasury | 238 | 189. Siva in *sandhyanirtta* dance; height 1 ft. 10½ in.; No. 12, from Polonnāruwa (Colombo Museum) | 254 |
| 175. Pārvatī; property of W. A. Beardsell, Esq., Madras; about 20 in. high | 239 | 190. Sūrya, the Sun-god; height 1 ft. 5½ in.; No. 18, from Polonnāruwa (Colombo Museum) | 254 |
| 176. Bronze statuette, 11½" high, of Rāmachandra bearded; V. and A. Museum | 239 | 191. Pārvatī; height 1 ft. 8 in.; No. 23, from Polonnāruwa (Colombo Museum) | 255 |
| 177. Bronze cast; copy of sculpture on Choultry of Tirumal Nāik (17th cent.), at Madura; V. and A. Museum | 240 | 192. Pārvatī; height 1 ft. 4½ in.; No. 20, from Polonnāruwa (Colombo Museum) | 255 |
| 178. Seated Buddha, 6 ft. 9 in. high; at Pankuliya Vihāre, Anurādhapura; ? 10th cent. | 241 | 193. Sundara-murti Swāmi, Tamil saint; height 1 ft. 8 in.; No. 16, from Polonnāruwa (Colombo Museum) | 256 |
| | | 194. Bronze statuette of monk; from Urulēwa, N. C. P. | 256 |
| | | 195. Avalokiteśvara, or Padmapāṇi; from Ceylon | 257 |

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| Fig. 196. | Jambhala, or Kuvera, god of riches; from Ceylon | 257 | Fig. 212. | Dwarf: Ruwanweli, Anurādhapura | 301 |
| 197. | Bronze seated Buddha (Colombo Museum) | 258 | 213. | Cave painting at Tamankaḍuwā (Pulligoda galkanda) | 302 |
| 198. | Offerings to a Bodhisattva | 263 | | **CHAPTER IX** | |
| 199. | Sarasvatī enthroned; from Jogyokaita, Java | 263 | Pl. LXI. | Persian Bodhisattva; rev. of wooden panel, D. vii, 6, from Dandān-Uiliq | 309 |
| 200. | Prajñā-Pāramita | 264 | Fig. 214. | Mounted princes or saints; wooden panel from Dandān-Uiliq | 310 |
| Pl. LII. | Stone Buddha | 265 | 215. | Water-sprite, &c.; fresco at Dandān-Uiliq | 311 |
| Fig. 201. | ? Mañjuśrī; Raffles Coll., B. M.; 6 15/16 inches high | 266 | 216. | Chinese princess; fresco at Dandān-Uiliq | 312 |
| Pl. LIII. | Jain colossus at Kārkaḷa, South Kanara, Madras | 269 | 217. | Bactrian camel; Indian-ink drawing on paper from Endere | 312 |
| LIV. | Jain sculpture and ornament on north face of Jinanāthpur Bastī, near Sravana, Belgola, ? 12th cent. | 271 | Pl. LXII. | Buddha, with worshippers on earth and in clouds | 317 |
| | **CHAPTER VIII** | | LXIII. | Portrait of young Lama, Tibetan School | 319 |
| Fig. 202. | Figures in spandril of central ceiling panel, Cave I, Ajaṇṭā | 280 | LXIV. | Portrait of a Lama evoking a demon; Tibetan School | 320 |
| Pl. LV. | Small panels from ceiling of Cave I, Ajaṇṭā | 281 | Fig. 218. | 'The White-bearded Old Man'; the Mongolian tutelary deity of the earth; Indian *Kshitipati* | 321 |
| Fig. 203. | Figure from early painting H, Cave IX, Ajaṇṭā | 282 | 219. | The Repentant Monster | 322 |
| Pl. LVI. | Bulls fighting; from bracket capital, Cave I, Ajaṇṭā | 283 | 220. | A magic circle, Nepalese School | 323 |
| Fig. 204. | Early sketch of elephant in Cave X, Ajaṇṭā | 284 | 221. | Jambhala of Ceylon; min. No. 18 of MS. Add. 1643, Camb. | 324 |
| Pl. LVII. | Rājā and women, early painting, Cave X, Ajaṇṭā | 285 | 222. | Rāmdayāl, &c., goldsmiths of Kāṅgrā, at work (black and white) | 325 |
| Fig. 205. | A Buddha on pillar, Cave X, Ajaṇṭā | 286 | 223. | Snake-charmer, by Kapūr Singh of Amritsar (ochre-coloured garments) | 326 |
| 206. | Long-tailed monkeys, Cave XVII, Ajaṇṭā | 287 | 224. | A Kanphaṭa ('split-ear') Jogī, or Muhammadan fakīr, by Kapūr Singh of Amritsar (black robe, yellow head-dress with peacock feathers) | 327 |
| 207. | Woman carrying child, Cave XVII, Ajaṇṭā | 288 | Pl. LXV. | Damayantī choosing Nala as her husband; from Jaipur *Razmnāma* | 329 |
| 208. | Mother and child making an offering to Buddha, Cave XIX, Ajaṇṭā | 289 | LXVI. | Dhanāsarī Rāginī, by Mohan Singh, 18th cent. | 333 |
| 209. | Woman standing, Cave II, Ajaṇṭā | 289 | Fig. 225. | Dharmarāja on black bull | 334 |
| 210. | Noble Persian (? Khusrū Parvīz) and Lady; from ceiling of Cave I, Ajaṇṭā | 291 | Pl. LXVII. | Umā worshipping Siva | 335 |
| Pl. LVIII. | Sigiriya frescoes; 'Pocket B', Figs. 3, 4 | 297 | Fig. 226. | Byās (Vyāsa) Muni | 336 |
| LIX. | Sigiriya frescoes; 'Pocket B', Figs. 7, 8 | 299 | Pl. LXVIII. | Yama, god of Death, on buffalo | 337 |
| LX. | Sigiriya frescoes; 'Pocket B', Figs. 11, 12 | 300 | LXIX. | From Benares MS. of *Rāmcharitmānas*: Tulsī Dās; his *guru*; Kāmadhenu, the magic cow; the | |
| Fig. 211. | Kinnara and lotuses: Ruwanweli, Anurādhapura | 301 | | | |

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| hill of Chitrakūt, with Rāma, Lachlman, and Sītā, &c. | 339 | at Mysore ; B. Forest scene, Travancore | 371 |
| Pl. LXX. Rāma's childhood ; photo. from the Mahārāja of Benares' MS. | 340 | Pl. LXXXIII. Orissan ivories by Gobind Ratan. A. Tortoise ; B. Krishna | 373 |
| LXXI. The court of *Ajodhya* ; from Benares MS. of *Rāmcharit-mānas* | 341 | LXXXIV. Ancient terra-cottas from Northern India. A. Classical head of Maurya period from Sārnāth ; B. Ornament from Mathurā, 14″ × 8″ ; C. Ditto from Nēwal, Cawnpore District, 14″ × 7½″ ; D. Panel, Vishnu, &c., from Bhītargāon, Cawnpore District, 19″ × 9½″ | 375 |
| Fig. 227. Falcon ; copied by a modern artist from old Jaipur painting | 342 | | |
| 228. Vase of flowers ; copied by a modern artist from an old Jaipur painting | 342 | | |
| 229. Mahārāja Mān Singh of Jodhpur ; by Jīwan (a. d. 1818) ; copied by Chhaju Lāl (1893) | 343 | | |
| 230. Tigers ; from Alwar *Gulistān* | 343 | LXXXV. Famine ; clay figures by Bhagwān Singh of Lucknow | 376 |
| 231. Black buck ; from Alwar *Gulistān* | 343 | | |
| Pl. LXXII. The exiled Yaksha, by Abanindro Nāth Tagore | 349 | CHAPTER XI | |
| CHAPTER X | | Pl. LXXXVI. Hellenistic motives : the 'Woman and Tree'. A. 'Bacchus', on left size of Aachen pulpit ; B. 'Woman and Tree', as caryatid, from Upper Monastery, Nathu, Gandhāra ; C. 'Woman and Tree', from Katra, Mathurā | 381 |
| Pl. LXXIII. Hindu Coins and Seals in British Museum, and jewellery | 353 | | |
| LXXIV. Jade and gold objects. A. Ancient Jade Tortoise, British Museum ; B. Bīmarān gold reliquary, British Museum ; C. Gold Buddha, British Museum | 357 | | |
| | | LXXXVII. Hellenistic motives : the roll or garland. A. From Sanghāo, Yūsufzai, age of Kanishka ; B. From Lower Monastery, Nathu, Yūsufzai ; C. From Mathurā | 383 |
| LXXV. Kanishka's casket ; *cir.* A. D. 100. A. Buddha and two Bodhisattvas on lid ; B. One Bodhisattva only on lid, Kanishka standing below. | 359 | | |
| LXXVI. The Badakshān patera, 'Triumph of Bacchus' | 361 | LXXXVIII. Hellenistic motives, apparently Pergamene and Roman. A, B. Atlantes from Jamālgarai ; C. 'Gigantomachia' from same ; D. Garland from Sārnāth | 385 |
| LXXVII. Silver articles. A. The Tānk silver patera ; ? a Yaksha ; B. Indo-Persian bowl | 363 | | |
| LXXVIII. Wood-carving ; ? Siva dancing ; B. M., from Kashmīr-Smats cave, Yūsufzai | 365 | LXXXIX. The vine in Indian sculpture. A. Hellenistic frieze from Upper Monastery, Nathu, Yūsufzai ; B. Door-jamb from Kankālī Mound, Mathurā | 387 |
| LXXIX. Wood-carving ; subject unknown ; B. M., from Kashmīr-Smats cave, Yūsufzai | 367 | | |
| LXXX. Wood-carving on ceiling of Mirkula (Udaypur) temple of Kālī, Chambā State | 368 | XC. Plant forms. A. Vase and plant, from Ghantasāla ; B. Pinnate foliage, Mathurā ; C. Lotuses growing, Mathurā ; D. Ditto, from Gandhāra, Lahore Museum, No. 0251 (Prof. Macdonell) | 389 |
| LXXXI. Descent from the Cross ; wooden panel in R.-C. church, Tranquebar, Tanjore District, Madras | 369 | | |
| | | CHAPTER XII | |
| LXXXII. Sandalwood carvings, Mysore and Travancore. A. Krishna and the Gopīs ; a panel in the new palace | | Pl. XCI. Great arch in Mosque at Ajmēr | 393 |
| | | Fig. 232. Smaller arches of the Kutb Mosque, and the Iron Pillar | 394 |

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Pl. XCII. The Kutb Mīnār, built by Iyaltimish *cir.* A. D. 1232 . . . . 395 Fig. 233. Gateway of Alā-ud-dīn Khaljī, Delhi 396
234. Tomb of Tughlak Shāh, Tughlakābād, Old Delhi . . . 397 Pl. XCIII. Main entrance of Atāla devī Mosque, Jaunpur . . . 399 Fig. 235. Gateway of Small Golden (Eunuch's) Mosque, Gaur . . . . 400
236. Tomb of Abū Turāb, Ahmadābād . 401
237. Tomb in Golkonda style at Bijāpur 402 Pl. XCIV. Mosque of Mahāfiz Khān, Ahmadābād . . . . . 403 Fig. 238. Ibrāhīm Rauza, Bijāpur; front view 404
239. Gōl Gumbaz, or tomb of Muhammad Ādil Shah, Bijāpur, front view . 405 Pl. XCV. Tomb of Shēr Shah at Sahasrām, Shahabad District, Bengal . . 407 Fig. 240. Tomb of Humāyūn, *cir.* A. D. 1560 408 Pl. XCVI. The 'Buland Darwāza' of Jām'i Mosque, Fathpur-Sīkrī . . 409 Fig. 241. Tomb of Itimād-ud-daula, near Agra 411 Pl. XCVII. The Tāj Mahall . . . 413 Fig. 242. The Moti Masjid, Agra . . 414
243. Dīwān-i-khās of Delhi Palace . 415
244. Shrine of Sayyid Sālār, Bahraich . 420

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CHAPTER XIII

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Pl. XCVIII. Indo-Muhammadan Coins. 1. Muhammad b. Tughlak; 2-5. Akbar; 6-10. Jahāngīr . . 423 XCIX. Decorative Inscriptions. A. From Kadam Rasūl Mosque, Gaur, A. D. 1480; B. From Jām'i Masjid, Fathpur-Sīkrī; C. South end (*jalla jalālahu*) of Akbar's cenotaph . . . . . 427 C. Inscribed principal *Mihrāb*, Jām'i Mosque, Fathpur-Sīkrī . . 429 CI. Vase motive panel, east false gate of Akbar's tomb . . . . 431 CII. Relief carvings. A. Panel in dado of 'false mosque' (*jawāb*) at the Tāj, Agra; B, C. Panels from Sārangpur Mosque, Ahmadābād, *cir.* A. D. 1500 . . . . 433 CIII. Windows in Sīdi Sayyid's Mosque, Ahmadābād, *cir.* A. D. 1500. A. Geometrical; B. Tree motive . 434 CIV. Marble verandah screen, tomb of Salīm Chishti, Fathpur-Sīkrī, A. D. 1571 . . . . . 435

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PAGE Pl. CV. Marble screen round the cenotaph of the Tāj . . . . 436 Fig. 245. Geometrical repeat . . . 437 Pl. CVI. Upper part of a corner turret, Itimād-ud-daulah's tomb, Agra, showing *pietra dura* inlay and marble mosaic . . . . 439 CVII. Pietra dura inlay on the cenotaph of the Tāj . . . . 440 CVIII. Minaret of Wazīr Khān's Mosque . 443 CIX. Chīnī-kā-Rauza . . . . 445 CX. Tile from the wall of Lahore Fort (*reproduced in colour by W. Griggs & Son*) . . . to face 446 CXI. A. Glazed earthenware tile from Panjāb, seventeenth cent.; 9½″ sq.; green ground. B. Enamelled earthenware tile from Delhi; ? sixteenth cent.; 11″ × 10¾″ sq.; dark blue, red, black, and green on yellow ground; humped bull and flowers. C. Enamelled earthenware tile from Lahore; seventeenth cent.; antelopes and flowers on yellow ground; 8¾″ × 8¼″ sq. . 447 CXII. A. Wall-tile of grey silicious earthenware, enamelled on white slip; wounded antelope yellow, horse white; from Lahore, seventeenth cent.; 10″ × 9½″ sq. B. Enamelled earthenware tile from Lahore, seventeenth cent.; red, yellow, and green flowers on green ground; 9½″ × 9¼″. C. Similar tile from Lahore, seventeenth cent.; flowers of various colours on red ground; 9¼″ sq. . . 449

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CHAPTER XIV

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Pl. CXIII. Illustration of the *Dārābnāmah*, by Bihzād and Abdul Samad . 453 CXIV. Wall-painting: eight men in a boat; in Akbar's bedroom, Fathpur-Sīkrī 461 CXV. Grisaille 'Good Shepherd'; anonymous 465 CXVI. Europeanized scene, by Muhammad Zamān . . . . 467 CXVII. The Rāja and the Frog Princess, by Basāwan and Bhawānī . . 471

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