Indische Palaographie von circa 350 a. Chr. – circa 1300 p. Chr. c48.s6.12

c48.s6.12

name of the dominant tribe by bodies of artisans and menials who minister to the former, so that, as in the case of the Nāyar but on a smaller scale, there are Gōṇḍ blacksmiths, drummers and cowherds, and Kand blacksmiths and potters. The tribe lives by agriculture of the usual rude kind, but all the Kand are also keen hunters, and very expert against game with their bow and hatchet. They are very tenacious of their tribal rights over the land they have once cleared, and in some cases, the whole of the village land is held in common. The Kondu-Dora, on the contrary, who are probably the southern branch of the same tribe, have lost hold of their hills and are no more than a Brāhmanic caste, speaking a mixture of their old language and Telugu, and conforming to the ordinary local customs. The Porojā, the meaning of whose title is uncertain, apparently belong to the same stock as the Kand, but their language is held by Dr. Grierson to be Gōṇḍ, at least where the two communities live alongside of each other. Elsewhere it is treated as a mixture of Kand and Oṛiyā. The tribe therefore, may be placed midway between the Gōṇḍ and the Kand. The Gadabā, again, are considered locally to be a branch of the Porojā, and their subdivisions confirm this view. They are said to have separate dialects of Oṛiyā, all mutually unintelligible to the rest. In the Linguistic Survey, however, the Gadabā language is classed with the Savara, as southern Kōl-Khervāri. The tribe has no tradition of migration, and lives by cultivation, one section working as carriers and labourers. Their headmen act as their priests, and bear the same title as among the Kand. The Jātapu are said to be Kand who have become in most respects Brāhmanised. Those residing in the hills speak Kand, but those on the plain have taken to Telugu. The Jātapu, whilst observing the orthodox rules as to marriage and diet, have never given up the old tribal gods, to whom they sacrifice animals through their own priests, and keep to their totemistic exogamous clans.