The Chronology of India, from the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century c5.123

c5.123

| A.D. | |
| 430 | Kidāra or Ki-to-lo, Shāhi of the Great Kushaṇas, establishes the kingdom of the Little Kushaṇas in Gandhāra, and appointing his son governor of Peshawar, returns westward to repel the White Huns.—NC., 3rd ser., xiii, 184. Gutschmidt, *Geschichte, Irāns*, Tübingen, 1888, p. 168 ff. Specht, *Études sur l'Asie Central*, Paris, 1890, 12 ff. |
| 430 | Dadda I. Gurjara of Bharoch. The Gurjaras apparently entered Western India from the north, about the first century A.D. They founded two kingdoms—a northern in the region of Southern Mārvāḍ, the *Kiu-chi-lo* of Hiuen Tsang, with its capital *Pi-lo-mi-lo*, *i.e.* Bhillamāla (Bhīnmāl or Śrīmāl), and a southern at Bharoch which included "the whole of Central Gujarāt and the northern part of Southern Gujarāt, *i.e.* the present Bharoch District, the Tālukās of Olpād, Chorāsī and Bārdolī of the Surat District, as well as the adjoining parts of the Barodā State, of the Revākāṇṭha, and of Sachīn"; its boundaries being, in all probability, the Mahī river on the north, and the Ambikā on the south. The Gurjaras of Bharoch seem to have been feudatories of some larger power, and may have started as vassals of the northern kingdom of which they were probably an offshoot. During the seventh century Bharoch was attacked by the kings of Valabhī on the one hand, and by the Cālukyas of Bādāmi on the other, to the latter of whom a portion of its southern dominions was lost. After being invaded by the Tājikas or Arabs in the eighth century, the Bharoch kingdom was finally conquered about A.D. 800 by the Rāṣṭrakūṭa Govinda III, who made over Central Gujarāt or Lāṭa to his brother Indra, first of the Gujarāt branch of the Rāṭhor dynasty which held that part of the country for more than 100 years.—IA. xvii, 191 ff. FKD., *Bomb. Gaz.*, 312, n. 7. |
| 431 | Guṇavarman, a Śramaṇa of Kipin, visits Nanking and translates several works, dying the same year at the age of 65.—BN. 415. |
| 433 | Sanghavarman, an Indian Śramaṇa, visits Nanking; in the following year he translates five works, returning westward in A.D. 442.—BN. 416. |
| 435 | The Ephthalites or White Huns cross the Oxus and overrun the province of Merv or Margiana, but are repulsed by the Sassanian |