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The Chronology of India, from the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century c6.s7: Muḥammadan Dynasties

The Chronology of India, from the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century c6.s7

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Muḥammadan Dynasties

c6.s7.1

¹ Some of the dates given here will be found to differ slightly from those in the BMC. lists. For explanation or justification the reader is referred to the references in the Chronological Tables.

c6.s7.2

*Rulers of Ghaznī.*—See S. Lane-Poole, *The Mohammadan Dynasties*, p. 289.

c6.s7.3

| A. D. | | | |
| 962 | (1) | Alp-Tigīn. | |
| 963 | (2) | Is-ḥāq, son of 1. | |
| 966 | (3) | Balkā-Tigīn, slave of 1. | |
| 973 | (4) | Pirī or Pīrey, slave of 1. | } Rulers of Ghaznī alone. |
| 977 | (5) | Sabuk-Tigīn, slave of 1. | |
| 997 | (6) | Ismā‘īl, son of 5. | |
| 999 | (7) | Maḥmūd Yamīnu-d-Daulah, son of 5. | |
| 1030 | (8) | Muḥammad, son of 7. | |
| 1031 | (9) | Mas‘ūd I, son of 7. | |
| 1041 | | Muḥammad restored. | |
| 1042 | (10) | Maudūd, son of 9. | |
| 1048 | (11) | Mas‘ūd II, son of 10. | |
| 1048 | (12) | Bahāu-d-Dīn ‘Alī, son of 9. | |
| 1048 | (13) | ‘Abdu-r-Rashīd Izzu-d-Daulah, son of 7. | |
| 1053 | | Tughril (usurper). | |
| 1053 | (14) | Farrukh-zād, son of 9. | |
| 1059 | (15) | Ẓahīru-d-Daulah Ibrāhīm, son of 9. | |
| 1099 | (16) | ‘Alāu-d-Daulah Mas‘ūd III, son of 15. | |
| 1114 | (17) | Kamālu-d-Daulah Shīrzād, son of 16. | |
| 1115 | (18) | Malik Arsalān, son of 16. | |
| 1117 | (19) | Bahrām Shāh, son of 16. | |
| 1150 | (20) | Khusrū Shāh, son of 19. | |
| 1160 | (21) | Khusrū Malik, son of 20. | |

c6.s7.4

*Rulers of Ghūr.*—See S. Lane-Poole, *The Mohammadan Dynasties*, p. 291 ff.

c6.s7.5

| A. D. | | |
| | (1) | ‘Izzu-d-Dīn Hasan. |
| 1148 | (2) | Saifu-d-Dīn Sūrī. |
| 1149 | (3) | ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Husain Jahānsoz. |
| 1156 | (4) | Saifu-d-Dīn Muḥammad. |
| 1163 | (5) | Ghiyāsu-d-Dīn Muḥammad. |
| 1203 | (6) | Shihābu-d-Dīn, Mu‘izzu-d-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām (Sultan of Delhī). |
| 1206 | (7) | Maḥmūd. |
| 1210 | (8) | Bahāu-d-Dīn Sām. |
| 1210 | (9) | ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Utsuz. |
| 1215 | (10) | ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Muḥammad. |

c6.s7.6

*The Sultāns of Delhī.*—BMC., *Sultāns of Delhī*, xxxiii ff. and 3 ff., etc.

First Dynasty—Turks

c6.s7.t1.1

| A. D. | | |
| 1193 | (1) | Mu‘izzu-d-Dīn, Muḥammad ibn Sām. |
| 1206 | (2) | Quṭbu-d-Dīn Ī-bak, slave of 1. |
| 1210 | (3) | Ārām Shāh, son of 2. |
| 1210 | (4) | Shamsu-d-Dīn Altamsh (I-yal-timish), slave of 2. |

c6.s7.t1.2

1236 (5) Ruknu-d-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh I, son of 4. 1236 (6) Raziyyat (Riziyah), daughter of 4. 1240 (7) Mu‘izzu-d-Dīn Bahrām Shāh, son of 4. 1242 (8) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Mas‘ūd Shāh, son of 5. 1246 (9) Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Maḥmūd Shāh I, son of 4. 1266 (10) Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Balban, father-in-law of 9. 1287 (11) Mu‘izzu-d-Dīn Kai-Qubād, grandson of 10.

Second Dynasty—Khaljīs

c6.s7.t2.1

A.D. 1290 (1) Jalālu-d-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh II. 1296 (2) Ruknu-d-Dīn Ibrāhīm Shāh I, son of 1. 1296 (3) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Muḥammad Shāh I, nephew of 1. 1316 (4) Shihābu-d-Dīn ‘Umar Shāh, son of 3. 1316 (5) Quṭbu-d-Dīn Mubārak Shāh I, son of 3. 1320 (6) Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Khusrū Shāh, slave of 5.

Third Dynasty—Tughlaq Shāhīs

c6.s7.t3.1

A.D. 13 0 (1) Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Tughlaq Shāh I. 1325 (2) Muḥammad II, ibn Tughlaq, son of 1. 1351 (3) Fīrūz Shāh III, nephew of 1. 1388 (4) Tughlaq Shāh II, grandson of 3. 1389 (5) Abu-Bakr Shāh, grandson of 3. 1389 (6) Muḥammad Shāh III, son of 3. 1394 (7) Sikandar Shāh I, son of 6. (Coin date H. 795.) 1394 (8) Maḥmūd Shāh II, son of 6. (Coin date H. 795.) 1395 (9) Naṣrat Shāh (Interregnum), grandson of 3. 1399 Maḥmūd restored. 1412 (10) Daulat Khān Lūdī.

Fourth Dynasty—Sayyids

c6.s7.t4.1

A.D. 1414 (1) Khizr Khān. 1421 (2) Mu‘izzu-d-Dīn Mubārak Shāh II, son of 1. 1434 (3) Muḥammad Shāh IV, grandson of 1. 1443 (4) ‘Ālim Shāh, son of 3.

Fifth Dynasty—Afghāns

c6.s7.t5.1

A.D. 1451 (1) Buhlūl Lūdī. 1489 (2) Sikandar II, ibn Buhlūl, son of 1. 1517 (3) Ibrāhīm II, ibn Sikandar, son of 2. 1526 Mughals: Bābar and Humāyūn.

Sixth Dynasty—Afghāns

c6.s7.t6.1

A.D. 1539 (1) Farīdu-d-Dīn Sher Shāh. 1545 (2) Islām Shāh, son of 1. 1552 (3) Muḥammad ‘Ādil Shāh, nephew of 1. 1553 (4) Ibrāhīm Sūr, nephew of 1. 1554 (5) Sikandar Shāh III, brother of 1. 1554 Mughals: Humāyūn, etc.

c6.s7.t6.2

Muhammadan Rulers of Bengal.—BMC., Muhammadan States, 3 ff.

c6.s7.t6.3

Governors of Bengal.

c6.s7.t6.4

| A.D. | | |
| 1194 | | Muḥammad-i-Bakht-yār, the Khalj. |
| 1206 | | ‘Izzu-d-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrān. |
| 1210 | | ‘Alāu-d-Dīn ‘Alī-i-Mardān. |
| 1211 | | Ḥusāmu-d-Dīn ‘I-waẓ (Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn). |
| 1227 | | Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Maḥmūd. |
| 1231 | | ‘Izzu-l-Muluk ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Jānī. |
| 1231 | | Saifu-d-Dīn Ī-bak-i-Yughān-Tat. |
| 1234 | | Tughril-i-Tughān Khān. |
| 1245 | | Tamur Khān-i-Qirān. |
| 1246 | | Ikhtiyāru-d-Dīn Yūz-Bak-i-Tughril Khān (Mughīṣu-d-Dīn). |
| 1258 | | Qutlugh (Qulich) Khān (also called Jalālu-d-Dīn Mas‘ūd Shāh). |
| 1258 | | ‘Izzu-d-Dīn Balban-i-Yūz-bakī. |
| 1260 | | Muḥammad Arsalān Tātār Khān. |
| | Sher Khān, | } doubtful, and dates uncertain. |
| | Amīn Khān, | |
| 1278 | | Mughīṣu-d-Dīn Tughril. |

c6.s7.t6.5

House of Balban.

c6.s7.t6.6

| A.D. | | |
| 1282 | (1) | Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Bughra Khān, son of Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Balban of Delhī. |
| 1292 | (2) | Ruknu-d-Dīn Kai-Kāūs, son of 1. |
| 1302 | (3) | Shamsu-d-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh, son of 1. |
| 1318 | (4) | Shihābu-d-Dīn Bughra Shāh, son of 3 (West Bengal). |
| 1310 | (5) | Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Bahādur Shāh, son of 3 (East Bengal). |
| 1319 | | Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Bahādur Shāh (all Bengal). |
| 1323 | (6) | Nāṣiru-d-Dīn, son of 3, governor of Lakhnautī. |
| 1325 | (7) | Bahādur Shāh, son of 3, restored (with Bahrām Khān) in East Bengal. |
| 1330 | (8) | Bahrām Shāh alone (East Bengal). |
| 1325 | (9) | Kadar Khān (Lakhnautī). |
| 1323 | (10) | ‘Izzu-d-Dīn A‘zamu-l-Mulk (Satgāon). |

c6.s7.t6.7

Independent Kings of Bengal.

c6.s7.t6.8

| A.D. | | |
| 1338 | | Fakhru-d-Dīn Mubārak Shāh (East Bengal). |
| 1349 | | Ikhtiyāru-d-Dīn Ghāzī Shāh (East Bengal). |
| 1339 | | ‘Alāu-d-Dīn ‘Alī Shāh (West Bengal). |

c6.s7.t6.9

House of Ilyās Shāh.

c6.s7.t6.10

| A.D. | | |
| 1339 | (1) | Shamsu-d-Dīn Ilyās Shāh contending in West Bengal. |
| 1345 | | Succeeds ‘Alī Shāh in West Bengal. |
| 1352 | | Rules all Bengal. |
| 1358 | (2) | Sikandar Shāh I, son of 1. |
| 1370 | (3) | Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn A‘zam Shāh, son of 2, rebels. |
| 1389 | | Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn A‘zam Shāh reigns. |
| 1396 | (4) | Saifu-d-Dīn, Ḥamzah Shāh, son of 3. |
| 1406 | (5) | Shamsu-d-Dīn, son of 4. |

c6.s7.t6.11

House of Ilyās Shāh restored.

c6.s7.t6.12

1438 (6) Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Maḥmūd Shāh I, slave of 3. 1460 (7) Ruknu-d-Dīn Bārbak Shāh, son of 6. 1474 (8) Shamsu-d-Dīn Yūsuf Shāh, son of 7. 1481 (9) Sikandar Shāh II, son of 8. 1481 (10) Jalālu-d-Dīn Fatḥ Shāh, son of 6.

Muḥammadan Kings of Bengal

House of Rāja Kāns

c6.s7.t8.1

A.D. 1409 (1) Shihābu-d-Dīn Bāyazīd Shāh, son of Rāja Kāns (?) (with Rāja Kāns). 1414 (2) Jalālu-d-Dīn Muḥammad Shāh, son of Rāja Kāns. 1431 Shamsu-d-Dīn Aḥmad Shāh, son of 2.

Habshī Kings

c6.s7.t9.1

A.D. 1487 Sulṭān Shāhzādah Bārbak. 1487 Saifu-u-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh. 1489 Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Maḥmūd Shāh II (of the House of Ilyās). 1490 Shamsu-d-Dīn Abū-n-Naṣr Muẓaffar Shāh.

House of Ḥusain Shāh

c6.s7.t10.1

A.D. 1493 (1) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Ḥusain Shāh. 1519 (2) Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Naṣrat Shāh, son of 1. 1532 (3) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh, son of 2. 1532 (4) Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Maḥmūd Shāh III, son of 1 (partial rule H. 933). 1537 Conquest by Sher Shāh.

House of Muḥammad Sūr

c6.s7.t11.1

A.D. 1552 (1) Shamsu-d-Dīn Muḥammad Sūr Ghāzī Shāh. 1554 (2) Bahādur Shāh (Khizr), son of 1. 1560 (3) Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Jalāl Shāh, son of 1. 1563 (4) Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Jalāl Shāh, son of 3.

House of Sulaimān Karārānī

c6.s7.t12.1

A.D. 1563 (1) Sulaimān Khān Karārānī of Bihār and Bengal. 1572 (2) Bāyazīd Shāh, son of 1. 1572 (3) Dā‘ūd Shāh, son of 1. 1576 Final annexation by Akbar.

c6.s7.t12.2

*The Muḥammadan Governors of Sindh.—BMC., Muḥammad States, 62.*

c6.s7.t12.3

A.D. 1203 Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Qabāchah (Qabā-jah) : until A.D. 1228. 1224 Saifu-d-Dīn al-Ḥasan Qarlugh governs Ghūr and Ghaznī. 1239 Governs Sindh. 1239 Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan : until at least A.D. 1259.

c6.s7.t12.4

*Muḥammadan Kings of Kashmir*.—NC., 1st ser., vi, and BMC., *Muḥammadan States*, 68 ff.

c6.s7.t12.5

| A.D. | | |
| 1334 | | Shams Shāh Mīr. |
| 1337 | | Jamshīd. |
| 1339 | | ‘Alāu-d-Dīn ‘Alī Sher. |
| 1352 | | Shihābu-d-Dīn. |
| 1370 | | Quṭbu-d-Dīn. |
| 1386 | | Sikandar Shāh, H. 792, 810 on coins. |
| 1410 | | Amīr Khān ‘Alī Shāh. |
| 1417 | | Zainu-l-‘Abidīn, H. 841-851 on coins. |
| 1467 | | Ḥaidar Shāh Ḥajjī Khān, H. 874 on coins. |
| 1469 | | Ḥasan Shāh, H. 876-87- on coins. |
| 1481 | | Muḥammad Shāh, H. 895. |
| 1483 | | Fatḥ Shāh, H. 896-89-. |
| 1492 | | Muḥammad (2nd reign), H. 898 (?). |
| 1513 | | Fatḥ Shāh (2nd reign). |
| 1514 | | Muḥammad (3rd reign). |
| 1517 | | Fatḥ Shāh (3rd reign). |
| 1520 | | Muḥammad (4th reign). |
| 1527 | | Nāzak Shāh. |
| 1530 | | Muḥammad (5th reign). |
| 1537 | | Nāzak Shāh (2nd reign). |
| 1541 | | Mīrzā Ḥaidar Doghlat (Humāyūn’s governor). |
| 1552 | | Ibrāhīm. |
| 1555 | | Ismā‘īl. |
| 1556 | | Ḥabīb. |
| 1562 | | Ḥusain Shāh Chakk, H. 970, 972, on coins. |
| 1578 | | Yūsuf Shāh Chakk, H. 987. |
| 1586 | | Akbar annexes Kashmir, H. 987. |

c6.s7.t12.6

Owing to the great uncertainty of the Muḥammadan chronology of Kashmir and the absence of authentic material for testing the accuracy of the historical records, a list of the kings is given in the Appendix only, no attempt being made to deal with the history in the Tables.

c6.s7.t12.7

*The Sharqī Dynasty of Jaunpūr*.—BMC., *Muḥammadan States*, 88.

c6.s7.t12.8

| A.D. | | |
| 1394 | (1) | Khwājah-i-Jahān assumes independence. |
| 1399 | (2) | Mubārak Shāh, adopted son of 1. |
| 1401 | (3) | Shamsu-d-Dīn Ibrāhīm Shāh Sharqī, son of 2. |
| 1440 | (4) | Maḥmūd Shāh ibn Ibrāhīm (joint king with preceding), son of 4. |
| 1457 | (5) | Muḥammad Shāh ibn Ibrāhīm (joint king with preceding), son of 4. |
| 1459 | (6) | Ḥusain Shāh ibn Maḥmūd, son of 4. |
| 1476 | | Ḥusain Shāh ibn Maḥmūd fled to Bengal. |
| 1500 | | Ḥusain Shāh ibn Maḥmūd died there. |
| 1487 | | Bārbak Shāh ibn Buhlūl of Delhī appointed Governor of Jaunpūr. |
| 1493 | | Removed. |

c6.s7.t12.9

*Muḥammadan Kings of Mālava*.—BMC., *Muḥammadan States*, 114, Int. lvi.

c6.s7.t12.10

A. Ghūrīs.

c6.s7.t12.11

| A.D. | | |
| 1401 | (1) | Dilāwar Khān Ghūrī assumes the title of Shāh. |
| 1405 | (2) | Hūshang (Alp Khān), son of 1. |
| 1434 | (3) | Muḥammad (Ghaznī Khān), son of 2. |

B. Khaljīs

c6.s7.t13.1

1436 (1) Maḥmūd Shāh I Khaljī. 1475 (2) Ghiyāṣ Shāh Khaljī, son of 1. 1500 (3) Nāṣir Shāh Khaljī, son of 2. 1510 (4) Maḥmūd II, son of 3. 1530 Mālava annexed by Bahādur Shāh of Gujarāt. 1569 Mālava annexed by Akbar.

Kings of Gujarāt

c6.s7.t14.1

A.D. 1396 (1) Muẓaffar Shāh I assumes independence. 1411 (2) Aḥmad Shāh I, grandson of 1, son of Tātār Khān. 1442 (3) Muḥammad Karīm Shāh, son of 2. 1451 (4) Quṭbu-d-Dīn, son of 3. 1459 (5) Dā‘ūd Shāh, son of 2. 1459 (6) Maḥmūd Shāh I, Baiqarah, son of 3. 1511 (7) Muẓaffar Shāh II, son of 6. 1526 (8) Sikandar Shāh, son of 7. 1526 (9) Nāṣir Khān Maḥmūd II, son of 7. 1526 (10) Bahādur Shāh, son of 7. 1536 (11) Mīrān Muḥammad Shāh Fārūqī, of Khandesh, grandson of 7. 1537 (12) Maḥmūd Shāh III, ibn Laṭīf, grandson of 7. 1553 (13) Aḥmad Shāh II. 1561 (14) Muẓaffar Shāh III, Ḥabīb, son of 12. 1572 Submits to Akbar. 1583 Gujarāt a Mughal province.

The Kings of Khandesh

c6.s7.t15.1

A.D. 1370 (1) Malik Rāja. 1399 (2) Nāṣir Khān. 1437 (3) Mīrān ‘Ādil Khān I. 1441 (4) Mīrān Mubārak I. 1457 (5) ‘Ādil Khān II. 1503 (6) Dā‘ūd Khān. 1510 (7) ‘Ādil Khān III. 1520 (8) Mīrān Muḥammad Shāh I. 1535 (9) Mīrān Mubārak II. 1566 (10) Mīrān Muḥammad II. 1576 (11) ‘Alī Khān. 1596 (12) Bahādur Shāh.

The Bahmanīs of Kulbarga

c6.s7.t16.1

A.D. 1347 (1) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Ḥasan Gāngū. 1358 (2) Muḥammad Shāh I, son of 1. 1375 (3) Mujāhid Shāh, son of 2. 1378 (4) Dā‘ūd Shāh, son of 1. 1378 (5) Maḥmūd Shāh I (or Muḥammad Shāh II), son of 1. 1397 (6) Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn, son of 5.

c6.s7.t16.2

1397 (7) Shamsu-d-Dīn, son of 5. 1397 (8) Tāju-d-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh, son of 4. 1422 (9) Aḥmad Shāh I, son of 4. 1435 (10) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Aḥmad Shāh II, son of 9. 1458 (11) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Humāyūn Shāh, son of 10. 1461 (12) Niẓām Shāh, son of 11. 1463 (13) Muḥammad Shāh II (or III), son of 11. 1482 (14) Maḥmūd Shāh II, son of 13. 1518 (15) Aḥmad Shāh III, son of 14. 1521 (16) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Shāh, son of 14. 1523 (17) Walī-Allāh Shāh, son of 14. 1525 (18) Kalīm-Allāh Shāh, son of 15, died A.D. 1526.

c6.s7.t16.3

*Muḥammadan Kings of Ma‘bar*.—JBA. lxiv, pt. 1, 49–54.

c6.s7.t16.4

A.D. 1336 (1) Jalālu-d-Dīn Aḥsan Shāh. 1339 (2) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Aroḥar or Adūjī Shāh. 1339 (3) Quṭbu-d-Dīn Fīrūz Shāh. 1339 (4) Ghiyāṣu-d-Dīn Muḥammad Dāmghān Shāh. 1344 (5) Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Muḥammad Shāh. 1358 (6) ‘Ādil Shāh, the Meek. 1363–68 (7) Mubārak Shāh, King of the World, etc. 1372–77 (8) ‘Alāu-d-Dīn Sikandar Shāh.
(9) Naṣratu-d-Dīn (in Bīdar?).
(10) Shamsu-d-Dīn. 1346 (11) Nāṣiru-d-Dīn Ismā‘īl Fatḥ (in Kulbarga).

c6.s7.t16.5

*S. Lane-Poole, The Mohammadan Dynasties*, 320 ff.

c6.s7.t16.6

The ‘Imād Shāhīs of Berār.

c6.s7.t16.7

A.D. 1485 Fatḥ-Allāh. 1504 ‘Alāu-d-Dīn. 1529 Daryā. 1560 Burhān. 1568 Tufāl (usurper).

c6.s7.t16.8

Niẓām Shāhīs of Ahmadnagar.

c6.s7.t16.9

A.D. 1490 (1) Aḥmad ibn Niẓām Shāh. 1508 (2) Burhān I. 1554 (3) Ḥusain. 1565 (4) Murtaḍā. 1588 (5) Mīrān Ḥusain. 1589 (6) Ismā‘īl. 1590 (7) Burhān II. 1594 (8) Ibrāhīm. 1595 (9) Aḥmad II. 1595 (10) Bahādur.

c6.s7.t16.10

Barīd Shāhīs of Bīdar.

c6.s7.t16.11

1492 (1) Qāsim I. 1504 (2) Amīr I. 1538 (3) ‘Alī. H. 945. 1582 (4) Ibrāhīm. H. 990. 1589 (5) Qāsim II. H. 997. 1592 (6) Mīrza ‘Alī. H. 1000. 1609 (7) Amīr II.

c6.s7.t16.12

‘Adil Shāhīs of Bījāpūr.

c6.s7.t16.13

A.D. 1490 (1) Yūsuf ‘Adil Shāh. 1510 (2) Ismā‘īl. 1534 (3) Mallū. 1535 (4) Ibrāhīm I. 1557 (5) ‘Alī I. 1579 (6) Ibrāhīm II. 1626 (7) Muḥammad. 1660 (8) ‘Alī II.

c6.s7.t16.14

The Quṭb Shāhīs of Golkonda.

c6.s7.t16.15

A.D. 1512 Sulṭān Qulī. 1533 H. 940 Jamshīd. 1550 Subḥān Qulī. 1550 Ibrāhīm. 1581 Muḥammad Qulī. 1611 Abdu’llah. 1672 Abū-l-Ḥasan.

c6.s7.t16.16

The Sovereigns of Ceylon, with approximate dates of their reigns. See L. C. Wijesinha’s Mahāvaṃśa.¹

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¹ Given in the Appendix only.

c6.s7.t16.18

B.C. 543 (1) Vijaya. 505 (2) Upatissa (Regent). 504 (3) Paṇḍuvāsudeva. 474 (4) Abhaya. 454 Interregnum. 437 (5) Paṇḍukābhaya. 367 (6) Muṭasīva. 307 (7) Devānampiya Tissa. 267 (8) Uttiya. 257 (9) Mahāsīva. 247 (10) Sūra Tissa. 237 (11) Sena and Guttika (foreign usurpers). 215 (12) Asela. 205 (13) Eḷāra (a Tamil usurper). 161 (14) Duṭṭhagāmaṇi. 137 (15) Saddhā Tissa. 119 (16) Thullatthana or Tuluna. 119 (17) Lajji Tissa. 109 (18) Khallāṭa Nāga.

c6.s7.t16.19

104 (19) Vaṭṭagāmaṇī Abhaya or Vala-gam-bāhu. 103 (20) Pulahattha 100 Bāhiya 98 Paṇayamāra } Tamil usurpers. 91 Piḷayamāra 90 Dāṭhiya 88 (21) Vaṭṭagāmaṇī Abhaya or Vala-gam-bāhu resumes sovereignty. 76 (22) Mahāchūla or Mahātissa. 62 (23) Choranāga. 50 (24) Tissa or Kuḍā Tissa. 47 (25) Anuḷā. 42 (26) Makalan Tissa or Kālakaṇṇi Tissa. 20 (27) Bhātikābhaya. A.D. 9 (28) Mahā Dāṭhiya or Mahānāga. 21 (29) Amaṇḍagāmaṇī Abhaya. 30 (30) Kaṇijānu Tissa. 33 (31) Chūḷābhaya Tissa or Kuḍā Abā. 35 (32) Sīvalī. Interregnum of three years. 38 (33) Ilanāga or Elunā. 44 (34) Chandamukha Sīva or Saṇḍamuhunu. 52 (35) Yasalālaka Tissa. 60 (36) Subha Rāja. 66 (37) Vasabha or Vahap. 110 (38) Vapka-nāsika Tissa. 113 (39) Gajabāhu I. 135 (40) Mahallaka Nāga or Mahula Nā. 141 (41) Bhātiya or Bhātika II. 165 (42) Kaṇiṭṭha Tissa or Kaṇiṭu Tis. 193 (43) Chūḷanāga or Sulu Nā. 195 (44) Kudda Nāga. 196 (45) Siri Nāga I. 215 (46) Vohāraka Tissa. 237 (47) Abhaya Tissa. 245 (48) Siri Nāga II. 247 (49) Vijaya II or Vijayiñdu. 248 (50) Saṅgha Tissa I. 252 (51) Siri Saṅghabodhi I or Daham Siri Saṅgabo. 254 (52) Goṭhābhaya or Meghavaṇābhaya. 267 (53) Jeṭṭha Tissa or Deṭu Tis. 277 (54) Mahāsena or Maha Sen. 304 (55) Kittissiri Meghavaṇṇa or Kit Siri Mevan. 332 (56) Jeṭṭha Tissa II or Deṭu Tis. 341 (57) Buddhadāsa or Bujas. 370 (58) Upatissa II. 412 (59) Mahānāma. 434 (60) Sotthisena. 434 (61) Chatta-gāhaka. 435 (62) Mitta Sena. 436 (63) Paṇḍu 441 Pārinda Khudda 444 Pārinda } Tamil usurpers. 460 Tirītara 460 Dāṭhiya 463 Pīṭhiya 463 (64) Dhātusena or Dāsenkeliya.

c6.s7.t16.20

The Sovereigns of Ceylon from Kāśyapa I.—L. C. Wijesiṃha's Mahāvaṃśa.

c6.s7.t16.21

479 (65) Kassapa I (Kāśyapa), son of 64 (Dhātusena). 497 (66) Moggallāna I (Maudgalyāyana), brother of 65. 515 (67) Kumāra Dhātusena, son of 66. 524 (68) Kittisena (Kirtisena), son of 67. 524 (69) S'iva, maternal uncle of 68. 525 (70) Upatissa III (Upatishya), brother-in-law of 69. 526 (71) Amba Sāmanera Silākāla, son-in-law of 70. 539 (72) Dāṭhāppabhuti, son of 71. 540 (73) Moggallāna II (Maudgalyāyana), elder brother of 72. 560 (74) Kittisiri Meghavaṇṇa (Kirtiśrī Meghavarṇa), son of 73. 561 (75) Mahānāga, a descendant of the Okkāka race. 564 (76) Aggabodhi I (Agrabodhi), maternal nephew of 75. 598 (77) Aggabodhi II (Agrabodhi), son-in-law and nephew of 76. 608 (78) Saṅghatissa (Saṅghatishya), brother of 77 (according to the Rājāvali). 608 (79) Dalla Moggallāna (Maudgalyāyana), general of 77. 614 (80) Silāmeghavaṇṇa or Asiggāhaka (Asigrāhaka S'ilāmegha), son of Dalla Moggallāna's general. 623 (81) Aggabodhi III (Agrabodhi) or Sirisaṅghabodhi II, son of 80. 623 (82) Jeṭṭhatissa, son of 78. 624 (81) Aggabodhi III restored. 640 (83) Dāṭhopatissa I, of the Leṃeni family. 652 (84) Kassapa II (Kāśyapa), brother of 81. 661 (85) Dappula I, brother-in-law of 84. 664 (86) Hatṭhadāṭha or Dāṭhopatissa II, nephew of 83. 673 (87) Aggabodhi IV Sirisaṅghabodhi (Agrabodhi), younger brother of 86. 689 (88) Datta, a member of the Royal Family. 691 (89) Unhanāgara Hatṭhadāṭha. 691 (90) Māṇavamma (Mānavarman), son of 84. 726 (91) Aggabodhi V (Agrabodhi), son (?) of 90. 732 (92) Kassapa III (Kāśyapa), brother of 91. 738 (93) Mahinda I (Mahendra), son of 92. 741 (94) Aggabodhi VI Silāmegha (Agrabodhi), son of 93. 781 (95) Aggabodhi VII (Agrabodhi), brother of 94. 787 (96) Mahinda II Silāmegha, nephew of 95. 807 (97) Dappula II, son of 96. 812 (98) Mahinda III or Dhammika Silāmegha (Dhārmika S'ilāmegha), son of 97. 816 (99) Aggabodhi VIII, cousin of 98. 827 (100) Dappula III, younger brother of 99. 843 (101) Aggabodhi IX, son of 100. 846 (102) Sena I or Silāmegha Sena (S'ilāmeghavarṇa), younger brother of 101. 866 (103) Sena II, grandson of 102. 901 (104) Udaya I, youngest brother of 103. 912 (105) Kassapa IV (Kāśyapa), nephew and son-in-law of 104. 929 (106) Kassapa V (Kāśyapa), son-in-law of 105. 939 (107) Dappula IV, son of 106. 940 (108) Dappula V, brother of 107. 952 (109) Udaya II. 955 (110) Sena III, brother of 109. 964 (111) Udaya III. 972 (112) Sena IV. 975 (113) Mahinda IV. 991 (114) Sena V, son of 113. 1001 (115) Mahinda V, brother of 114. 1037 (116) Interregnum; while the heir to the throne, Prince Kāśyapa or Vikramabāhu, was alive.

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1049 (117) Kitti (Kirti), the general, usurper. 1049 (118) Mahāḷāṇa Kitti (Mahāḷāṇa Kīrti), usurper. 1052 (119) Vikkamu Paṇḍu (Vikrama Pāṇḍu), usurper. 1053 (120) Jagatipāla, usurper. 1057 (121) Parakkama (Parākrama), usurper. 1059 (122) Loka or Lokissara (Lokeśvara), usurper. 1065 (123) Vijayabāhu I Sirisanghabodhi, grandson of 115. 1120 (124) Jayabāhu, brother of 123. 1121 (125) Vikkamabāhu I (Vikramabāhu), son of 123. 1142 (126) Gajabāhu II, son of 125. 1164 (127) Parakkamabāhu I Parākramabāhu, cousin of 126. 1197 (128) Vijayabāhu II, nephew of 127. 1198 (129) Mahinda VI, usurper. 1198 (130) Kitti Nissaṅka (Kīrti Niśśaṅka Malla), a prince of the Kāliṅga Chakravarti race. 1207 (131) Vīrabāhu I, son of 130. 1207 (132) Vikkamabāhu II (Vikramabāhu), brother of 130. 1207 (133) Choḍagaṅga, nephew of 130. 1208 (134) Līlāvati, widow of 127. 1200 ¹ (135) Sāhasamalla, half-brother of 130. 1202 (136) Kalyāṇavati, chief queen of, 130. 1208 (137) Dhammāsoka (Dharmāśoka). 1209 (138) Aṇikaṅga, chief governor. 1209 (134) Līlāvati restored. 1210 (139) Lokissara (Lokeśvara), usurper. 1211 (134) Līlāvati restored. 1212 (140) Parakkama Paṇḍu, usurper. 1215 (141) Māgha or Kāliṅga Vijayabāhu, usurper. 1236 (142) Vijayabāhu III, descendant of the Sirisanghabodhi family. 1240 (143) Parakkamabāhu II (Kalikāla Sāhitya Sarvajña Paṇḍita Parākramabāhu), son of 142. 1275 (144) Vijayabāhu IV, son of 143. 1277 (145) Bhuvanekabāhu I, brother of 144. 1288 (146) Parākramabāhu III, son of Bosat Vijayabāhu. 1293 (147) Bhuvanekabāhu II, son of 145. 1295 (148) Parākramabāhu IV, son of 147.
(149) Bhuvanekabāhu III.
(150) Jayabāhu I. 1347 (151) Bhuvanekabāhu IV. 1351 (152) Parākramabāhu V.
(153) Vikramabāhu III.
(154) Bhuvanekabāhu V, a descendant of the Girivaṃśa family.
(155) Vīrabāhu II, uterine brother of 154. 1410 (156) Parākramabāhu VI. 1462 (157) Jayabāhu II. 1464 (158) Bhuvanekabāhu VI. 1471 (159) Parākramabāhu VII.
(160) Parākramabāhu VIII.
(161) Vijayabāhu V.
(162) Bhuvanekabāhu VII. 1542 (163) Vīra Vikkama (Vīra Vikrama).
(164) Māyādhanu.
(165) Rājasīha (Rājasimha). 1592 (166) Vimala Dhamma Suriya I (Vimala Dharmasūrya).

c6.s7.t16.23

¹ The Sāhasamalla inscription gives 1743 A.B. as his date of accession; error 11 years, adjusted accordingly.

c6.s7.t16.24

1620 (167) Senāratna, brother of 166. 1627 (168) Rājasīha II (Rājasimha), son of 167. 1679 (169) Vimala Dhammasuriya II (Vimala Dharmasūrya), son of 168. 1701 (170) Siri Vīra Parakkama Narinda Sīha (S'rī Vīra Parākrama Narendrasimha), son of 169. 1734 (171) Siri Vijaya Rāja Sīha (S'rī Vijaya Rājasimha), brother-in-law of 170. 1747 (172) Kitti Siri Rāja Sīha (Kīrti S'rī Rājasimha). 1780 (173) Siri Rājādhi Rāja Sīha (S'rī Rājādhi Rājasimha), younger brother of 172. 1798 (174) Siri Vikkama Rāja Sīha (S'rī Vikrama Rājasimha), nephew of 173.

c6.s7.t16.25

| | S'aiśunāgas according to the Aśoka avadāna : Burnouf, Introd. à l'histoire du Bouddhisme, p. 358. | S'aiśunāgas according to the Pariśiṣṭaparvan of Hemachandra, ed. by Jacobi. | |
| *Viṣṇu Purāṇa* | Years of reign. | | Years of reign. | | Years of reign. |
| Duration of Dynasty 362 yrs. | | | | | |
| 1. S'iśunāga | | | | | |
| 2. Kākavarṇa | | | | | |
| 3. { Kshemadharman { Kshemaka | | | | | |
| 4. Kshattraujas | | | | | |
| 5. Vidmisāra (Vidhisāra Vidisāra) | 52 | Bimbisāra | | Sreṇika | |
| 6. Ajātaśatru | 32 | Ajātaśatru | | Kūṇika | |
| 7. Darbhaka | | | | | |
| 8. { Udayāśva { Udayana | 16 8 20 18 | Udayin Udayibhadra Muṇḍa | | Udayin Nanda succeeds Udayin 60 yrs. after Mahāvīra's nirvāṇa | |
| 9. Nandivardhana | 20 | Kākavarṇin Sahālin Tulakuchi Mahāmaṇḍala Prasenajit Nanda | | | |
| 10. Mahānandin | | | | 9 Nandas | |

c6.s7.t16.26

in almost every case with these totals.

c6.s7.t16.27

| *Viṣṇu Purāṇa.* | Years of reign. | *Vāyu.* | Years of reign. | *Matsya.* | Years of reign. | *Brahmāṇḍa.* | Years of reign. | *Bhāgavata.* | Years of reign. |
| Duration of Dynasty 112 years. | | 112 years. | | 112 years. | | 112 years. | | 112 years. | |
| 1. Pushpamitra | | { Pushpamitra *Pushyamitra* | 60 | Pushpamitra | 60 | Pushpamitra | 36 | | 36 |
| 2. Agnimitra | | | | | | Agnimitra | 8 | | |
| 3. Sujyeṣṭha | | Sujyeṣṭha | 7 | Sujyeṣṭha ² | 7 | Sujyeṣṭha | 7 | | |
| 4. Vasumitra | | Vasumitra | 8 | Vasumitra | 10 | Vasumitra | 10 | | |
| 5. Ārdraka | | { Andraka *Udhraka* | 2 10 | Antaka | 2 | Bhadra | 2 | Bhadra | |
| 6. { Pulindaka *Pulinda* | | Pulindaka | 3 | { Pulindaka *Marunandana* *Madhunandana* | 3 | Pulindaka | 3 | Pulinda | |
| 7. Ghoshavasu | | Ghoshavasu | 3 | Megha (?) | 3 | Ghoshavasu | 3 | Ghosha | |
| 8. Vajramitra | | { Vajramitra (?) *Vikramitra* (??) | 14 9 | Vajramitra | 9 | Vajramitra | 14 | | |
| 9. Bhāgavata | | Bhāgavata | 32 | Bhāga | 32 | Bhāgavata | 32 | | |
| 10. Devabhūti | | Kshemabhūmi | 10 | Devabhūmi | 10 | Devabhūmi | 10 | | |

c6.s7.t16.28

¹ The Vāyu P. does not name Agnimitra, but states that sons of Pushpamitra reigned eight years.

c6.s7.t16.29

² Placed after Vasumitra in some copies of the Matsya.

c6.s7.t16.30

³ The Bhāgavata says "more than 100 years," which the commentator explains as 112.

c6.s7.t16.31

Note.—The names and numbers in italics denote variants.

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