Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s1.t8: VI. Marukaltalai
Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s1.t8
- Language
- English
VI. Marukaltalai
c28.s1.t8.1
*14.* A. ve ṇa kā¹ si pā ṇa ku ṭu pi tā kā la² kā ña cā³ ṇa ma
c28.s1.t8.2
B. *veṇkāsipaṉ* *kuṭupita*⁴ *kal* *kañcaṇam*⁵
c28.s1.t8.3
வெண்காஸிபன் குடுபித கல் கஞ்சணம்
c28.s1.t8.4
The stone structure (?) was caused to be given by Veṇkāsipaṉ.
c28.s1.t8.5
**ILL.** Tracing: Fig. 8.10. Estampage: Pl. 10.
c28.s1.t8.6
**Locus** On the brow of the cave on the Pūviluṭaiyārmalai hill; engraved in exceptionally large-sized letters (reaching almost 40 cm. in height).
c28.s1.t8.7
**No. of lines** 1
c28.s1.t8.8
**Length** 426 cm.
c28.s1.t8.9
**Date** ca. 2nd century B.C.
c28.s1.t8.10
**Publ.** *ARE* 407/1906. IM:29/1966.
c28.s1.t8.11
CNR:I (pp. 364-365); HKS:I (pp. 332-333); *HTS*:9 (pp. 50, 84);
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KVS:I (pp. 287-288); KZ:1 (pp. 19-20); MSV:14 (pp. 114-120);
c28.s1.t8.13
RN:8 (p. 59); TVM:4 (pp. 218-223; Pl. 8).
c28.s1.t8.14
Notes
c28.s1.t8.15
1. HKS and KVS read *kō*. There is an angular chisel cut like inverted L just above, but not touching the letter, which was probably made when the drip ledge was carved.
2. HKS and KVS read *ḷa*.
3. The medial *-ā* stroke of this letter lies along a natural groove in the rock.
4. *kuṭuppitta*. Cf. LT *koṭuppitta*.
5. The meaning of *kañcaṇam* is uncertain; the context indicates some kind of a stone structure.
c28.s1.t8.17
Figure 8.11. VII. VARICHIYUR 1-3 Inscriptions Nos. 15-17 Tracings. Scale: one-tenth.
c28.s1.t8.18
VII. VARICHIYUR (வரிச்சியூர்) - 1
c28.s1.t8.19
**15.** **A.** **pā¹ ḷ[i]² ya ko ṭu pi . . .³**
c28.s1.t8.20
**B.** **pa ḷ[i]-y⁴ koṭupi⁵ . . .**
c28.s1.t8.21
ப[ளி]ய் கொடுபி . . .
c28.s1.t8.22
The hermitage was caused to be given by . . .⁶
c28.s1.t8.23
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.11. Estampage: Pl. 11. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the smaller cave facing north on the Udayagiri (Subrahmanyamalai) hill. The rock has disintegrated and the surface badly fissured. Only a fragment has survived. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | Approximately 54 cm. (extant). |
| **Date** | *ca.* 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 38A/1908. *IM* 45/1966. |
| | *HTS*:11.1 (p. 54); *RN*:13.1 (p. 64); *TVM*:12A (pp. 272-273, Pl. 20 bottom). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | The apparent joining of the first two or three letters may be due to the badly fissured rock surface. |
| 2. | The letter is damaged. |
| 3. | The rest of the inscription is lost. |
| 4. | *paḷḷi-*. |
| 5. | *koṭuppi . . .* (fragmentary). |
| 6. | Name of the donor is lost. |
c28.s1.t8.24
VARICHIYUR (வரிச்சியூர்) - 2
c28.s1.t8.25
*16.* **A.** **a** **ṭā** **...** **ṟai** **ī** **tā** **vai** **kā** **...** **o** **ṉa** **nū** **ṟu** **kā** **lā** **ne** **la...**
c28.s1.t8.26
**B.** *aṭā ... ṟai ītā vaika¹ ... ōṉ nūṟu kala² nel...*
c28.s1.t8.27
அடா ... றை ஈதா வைக ... ஒன் நூறு கல நெல் ...
c28.s1.t8.28
. . . behold ... to endow ... hundred *kalams* of paddy . . .³
c28.s1.t8.29
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.11. Estampage: Pl. 11. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the main cave facing east, above the drip ledge. The rock has disintegrated and the surface badly fissured. The inscription has survived only in disjointed fragments. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | Approximately 158 cm. (extant). |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 38B/1908 (also in B.374/1985-86); *ARE 1917-18*: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:46/1966. |
| | *HTS*: 11. 2 (p. 54); RN: 13.2 (p. 64); TVM: 12-B (pp. 272-273, Pl. 20 top. ). |
c28.s1.t8.30
**Notes**
1. *vaikka*. Cf. *vepōṉ* (*veppōṉ*) (LT *vaippōṉ*) (No. *13*).
2. From *kalam* 'a grain measure'.
3. Words of the fragmentary inscription, which could be made out, have been translated.
c28.s1.t8.31
VARICHIYUR (வரிச்சியூர்) - 3
c28.s1.t8.32
17. A. i ḷā nā tā ṇa kā ru ī ya nā la mu ḷa u kai
c28.s1.t8.33
**B. *iḷanataṇ*¹ *karu-iya*² *nalmuḷa-ukai*³**
c28.s1.t8.34
இளநதன் கருஇய நல்முழஉகை
c28.s1.t8.35
The auspicious cave was carved by Iḷanataṉ.
c28.s1.t8.36
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.11. Estampage: Pl. 11. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the main cave, below the drip ledge. Even though the rock is badly disintegrated and the inscription weather-worn, it is relatively better preserved, protected by the drip ledge. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 162 cm. |
| **Date** | *ca.* 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 38C/1908. *IM*: 47/1966. |
| | *HTS*:11.3 (p. 54); *TVM*:12-CI & C2 (pp. 272-273, Pl. 21 top & bottom). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | -*nataṇ* from *nantaṉ* with the omission of the nasal. Cf. *nata-siri-* (No. 3) and *nataṉ* (Nos. 44 & 48). Cf. LT *nantaṉ*, a personal name. |
| 2. | Cf. *karukiya* (*karukkiya*) (No. 112). Cf. LT *karukku* (n.) 'engraving, carving'. |
| 3. | Cf. *muḷākai* (No. 7). Cf. LT *muḻai* 'cave'. |
c28.s1.t8.37
[Figure: *18.*
c28.s1.t8.38
*20.* Figure 8.12. VIII. VIKKIRAMANGALAM 1-3 Inscriptions Nos. *18-20*
c28.s1.t8.39
VIII. VIKKIRAMANGALAM (விக்கிரமங்கலம்) - 1
c28.s1.t8.40
*18.* **A.** **e¹ ī² ya la a ra ī ya tā ṉa ce³ vi ta o ṉa**
c28.s1.t8.41
**B.** *e-iyl*⁴ *ar-iytaṉ*⁵ *cēvit-ōṉ*⁶
c28.s1.t8.42
எஇயல் அர்இய்தன் சேவித்ஓன்
c28.s1.t8.43
**Ariytaṉ of Eyil caused to be made.**⁷
c28.s1.t8.44
**ILL.** Tracing: Fig. 8.12. Estampage: Pl. 12. **Locus** On the low ceiling of a small cave to the left of the main cave on the Uṇṭāṅkallu hill. **No. of lines** 1 **Length** 67 cm. **Date** ca. 2nd century B.C. **Publ.** *IAR* 1988-89:p. 94; *IAR* 1990-91:p. 84. G. Siromoney and E. Jebarajan 1978 (with eye copy). M. D. Sampath 1977-78: pp. 146-148 (with Pl. ). Natana Kasinathan 1994: No. 1.
c28.s1.t8.45
Notes
c28.s1.t8.46
1. The top right corner of the letter appears incomplete as it is engraved over a cleft in the rock.
2. Siromoney & Jebarajan read *i*; Sampath and Natana Kasinathan read *ra*.
3. Siromoney & Jebarajan read *ḍhe*; Sampath and Natana Kasinathan read *ce*.
4. Read *eyil*. Cf. LT *eyil* 'fortified place, a place name'.
5. *ariytaṉ*. Cf. *harita* (Skt.), *harīta* (Pkt. inscr.). Cf. *ar-itaṉ* (No. 8). See section 6.19.2 on the pause.
6. *cēvittōṉ*. Cf. (inscr.) *cēvittāṉ*, LT *ceyvittāṉ*. See also n.9, No. 2.
7. 'the cave' is understood from the context.
c28.s1.t8.47
VIKKIRAMANGALAM (விக்கிரமங்கலம்) - 2
c28.s1.t8.48
*19.* **A.** **e ma ū ra ci ḻi vā ṉa a tā ṉa $¹**
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¹ A symbol (discovered by our team in 1992). See section 5.18.
c28.s1.t8.50
**B.** **em ūr² ciḻivaṉ-a³ tāṉa⁴**
c28.s1.t8.51
² The alternative reading *ēma-ūr* as a place name is possible.
c28.s1.t8.52
³ The alternative reading *ciḻivaṉ ataṉ* as a composite personal name is possible but less likely, as we would then have many inscriptions ending with the same name Ataṉ (Nos. *19, 20, 28, 31-33*). It is much more likely that these votive inscriptions end with *tāṉa* 'gift' (of so-and-so) as in similar label inscriptions at Bharhut, Mathura, Sanchi, etc. However, the name Ataṉ also occurs in the Corpus (e.g., Nos. *36 & 40*).
c28.s1.t8.53
⁴ Cf. LT *tāṉam* 'gift, charity'; *dāna(ṁ)* (Pkt.).
c28.s1.t8.54
எம் ஊர் சிழிவன்அ தான
c28.s1.t8.55
The gift⁵ of **Ciḻivaṉ** of our village.
c28.s1.t8.56
⁵ 'of the cave' is understood from the context.
c28.s1.t8.57
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.12. Estampage: Pl. 12. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the main cave; engraved in large-sized letters; weather-worn and faint. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 173 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* B.285/1963-64. *IAR* 1963-64:p. 71. IM:17/1966. |
| | *HTS*:5.5 (pp. 47-48, 77-78); MSV: 8.4 (pp. 68-69); RN:4.5 (pp. 55-56); RPS: 13 (pp. 163-197). |
c28.s1.t8.58
Notes
c28.s1.t8.59
VIKKIRAMANGALAM (விக்கிரமங்கலம்) - 3
c28.s1.t8.60
**20.** **A.** **a na tai ya¹ pi kā ṇa mā kā ṇa ve² na³ a tā ṇa**
c28.s1.t8.61
**B.** *antai-y pikaṉ⁴ makaṉ ven-a⁵ tāṇa*
c28.s1.t8.62
அந்தைய் பிகன் மகன் வெந்அ தான
c28.s1.t8.63
The gift⁶ of **Veṉ**, the son of **Antai Pikkaṉ**.
c28.s1.t8.64
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.12. Estampage: Pl. 13. |
| **Locus** | At the head of the upper row of stone beds in the main cave. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 102 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | ARE 621/1926. IM:13/1966. |
| | CNR:XII-1 (p. 375); *HTS*:5.1 (pp. 47-48, 77-78); |
| | KVS:XII-1 (p. 299); KZ:12.1 (p. 22); MSV:8.1 (pp. 65-69); |
| | RN:4.1 (pp. 55-56); RPS:12 (pp. 163-197); TVM:6-I (pp. 232-235, Pl. 10 top). |
| | G. Siromoney and E. Jebarajan 1978. |
c28.s1.t8.65
Notes
c28.s1.t8.66
1. A short perpendicular line above and to the right of this letter is identified as a *puḷḷi* by Siromoney and Jebarajan. On close examination *in situ*, it is seen to be a thin scratch on the rock surface.
2. I had read this letter earlier as *ce*. I now read it as *ve*. KVS reads *vē*.
3. I had read this letter earlier as *ya*. I now read it as *na* following KVS.
4. *pikkaṇ*.
5. Read *veṇ-*. Cf. LT *veṇ* 'victory'. Cf. *veṇi* (*veṇi*/*veṇṇi*) (No. *70*). See section 7.7.2 on the incorrect use of the dental *n* for the alveolar *ṉ* in Tamil inscriptions.
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*21.*
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*22.*
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*23.*
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Figure 8.13. VIKKIRAMANGALAM 4-6 Inscriptions Nos. *21-23*
c28.s1.t8.71
VIKKIRAMANGALAM (விக்கிரமங்கலம்) - 4
c28.s1.t8.72
21. A. pe¹ tā lai ku vi rā ṉa
c28.s1.t8.73
¹ *po* in *ARE* and KVS.
c28.s1.t8.74
**B. *pētalai*² *kuviraṉ*³**
c28.s1.t8.75
² *pēttalai*. Cf. place names like Kuḻittalai, Cēntalai (Sendalai), etc.
c28.s1.t8.76
³ Cf. *kupira* (Pkt.), *kubira* (Sinh. Pkt.) < *kubēra* (Skt.).
c28.s1.t8.77
பேதலை குவிரன்
c28.s1.t8.78
Kuviraṉ of Pēttalai.⁴
c28.s1.t8.79
⁴ In the absence of evidence to the contrary, personal names in label inscriptions are regarded in this study as those of the donors in accordance with the universal practice in votive inscriptions. The addition of the word *tāṇa* < *dāna(ṁ)* (Pkt.) in some of the inscriptions confirms the inference. See also n.3 and 4, No. *19*.
c28.s1.t8.80
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.13. Estampage: Pl. 13. |
| **Locus** | On the first stone bed (from left) in the lower row in the main cave. KVS reads Nos. *21* to *23* as a single inscription even though they are engraved on three adjacent stone beds. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 36 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 623/1926. IM:14/1966. |
| | CNR:XII-2 (p. 375); *HTS*:5. 2 (pp. 47-48, 77-78); |
| | KVS:XII-2 (p. 299); KZ:12-2a (p. 23); MSV:8.2 (pp. 65-69); |
| | RN:4.2 (pp. 55-56); TVM:6-II (pp. 232-235, Pl. 10 middle). |
c28.s1.t8.81
Notes
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VIKKIRAMANGALAM (விக்கிரமங்கலம்) - 5
c28.s1.t8.83
22. A. ce¹ ṅa² ku vi rā ṇa
c28.s1.t8.84
**B. *ceṅkuviraṇ***
c28.s1.t8.85
செங்குவிரன்
c28.s1.t8.86
Ceṅkuviraṇ.
c28.s1.t8.87
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.13. Estampage: Pl. 13. |
| **Locus** | On the second (middle) stone bed in the lower row. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 32 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 622/1926. IM:15/1966. |
| | CNR:XII-2 (p. 375); *HTS*:5.3 (pp. 47-48, 77-78); |
| | KVS:XII-2 (p. 299); KZ:12-2b (p. 22); MSV:8.3 (pp. 65-69); |
| | RN:4.3 (pp. 55-56); TVM:6-III (pp. 232-235, Pl. 10 bottom). |
c28.s1.t8.88
Notes
c28.s1.t8.89
1. vē in *ARE* and KVS.
2. ṇ in *ARE*. KVS reads *n*. This is actually the earliest occurrence of *ṅ*.
c28.s1.t8.90
VIKKIRAMANGALAM (விக்கிரமங்கலம்) - 6
c28.s1.t8.91
23. A. **ku [vi]¹ rā tā ṇa**
c28.s1.t8.92
B. *ku[vi]rā² tāṇa³*
c28.s1.t8.93
கு[வி]ரா தான
c28.s1.t8.94
The gift⁴ of **Kuviraṉ.**
c28.s1.t8.95
**ILL.** Tracing: Fig. 8.13. Estampage: Pl. 13. **Locus** On the third stone bed (from left) in the lower row. **No. of lines** 1 **Length** 24 cm. **Date** ca. 2nd century B.C. **Publ.** *ARE* B. 286/1963-64 (copied earlier in 1923 but not catalogued). IM:16/1966. CNR:XII-2 (p. 375); *HTS*:5.4 (pp. 47-48, 77-78); KVS:XII-2 (p. 299); KZ:12.2b (p. 23); RN:4.4 (pp. 55-56).
c28.s1.t8.96
Notes
c28.s1.t8.97
1. The second letter is too badly damaged to be copied; but appears to be *vi* as seen *in situ*.
2. *kuvirā* construed as *kuviraṉ* + *ā* 'of Kuviraṉ'. The PNG suffix *-aṉ* is elided when the genitive suffix *-ā* is added. See section 7.16.6.
3. KVS reads the inscription *koṭupiṉāṉ*.
c28.s1.t8.98
[Figure: Figure 8.14. IX. METTUPPATTI 1
c28.s1.t8.99
IX. METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 1
c28.s1.t8.100
**24.** **A.** **a ma ṇā ṉa mā ti rai a ta ti rā ṉa ū ṟai ū tā yā ṉa sa**
c28.s1.t8.101
**B.** ***amaṇaṉ*¹ *matirai*² *attiraṉ* *uṟai* [*|**] *utayaṉasa*³**
c28.s1.t8.102
அமண௵ மதிரை அத்திர௵ உறை [|*] உதயனஸ
c28.s1.t8.103
The abode of Attiraṉ, the Jaina monk from Matirai. (The gift) of Utayaṉa(ṉ).⁴
c28.s1.t8.104
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.14. Estampage: Pl. 14. |
| **Locus** | On the brow of the cave on the southern face of the Siddharmalai hill facing Mettuppatti; weather-worn and faint, but legible. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 99 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* B. 373/1985-86 (with Pl.). *IAR* 1985-86: p. 98. |
| | I. Mahadevan 1994a: pp. 116-134 (with Pl.). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | *amaṇaṉ* < *camaṇaṉ* < *samaṇa* (Pkt.) < *śramaṇa* (Skt.). Cf. *amaṇṇaṉ* (Nos. ***61*** & ***62***). The expression denotes exclusively a Jaina monk in Tamil tradition. See section 4.9.3 (ii). |
| 2. | Cf. (inscr.) *matirai*, LT *maturai*, the ancient capital of the Pāṇṭiya kingdom. See section 4.20.4 (i). |
| 3. | *utayaṇa(ṉ)* + *sa* > *utayaṉasa*. Note the unique occurrence of *-sa* (*-ssa*), the Pkt. genitive suffix in this Tamil inscription. The PNG suffix *-(a)ṉ* is dropped in sandhi. Cf. *cēnta-a* (No. ***28***) and *vīra* (*vīra*)-*a* (No. ***79***). |
| 4. | Cf. Udayana (Skt.), Udayaṇa (AMg.); Utayaṇaṉ (Ta.), hero of *Peruṅkatai*. |
c28.s1.t8.106
Figure 8.15. METTUPPATTI 2-4 Inscriptions Nos. *25-27*
c28.s1.t8.107
METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 2
c28.s1.t8.108
25. A. a na tai a ri ya ti¹
c28.s1.t8.109
B. antai ariyti²
c28.s1.t8.110
அந்தை அரிய்தி
c28.s1.t8.111
Antai Ariyti.
c28.s1.t8.112
| **ILL.** | Tracings: Fig. 8.15. Estampages: Pl. 14. (Nos. 25 & 26.) |
| **Locus** | On the first stone bed (from left) in the upper row in the cave. (See Fig. 1.14.) |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 34 cm. (excluding the last letter. See n.1 below). |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-a/1908; *ARE* 1911-12:Pl. facing p. 50. IM:18/1966. |
| | CNR:VIII-E (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-E (pp. 342-343); *HTS*:6.1 (pp. 48-49, 78-82); |
| | KVS:XI-4 (p. 298); KZ:8-D (p. 22); MSV:12.4 (pp. 102-109); RN:5.1 (pp. 56-57); |
| | RPS:14 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.5 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 18 top left). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | The last letter is engraved on the adjacent stone bed to the right as recognised by KVS. |
| 2. | Cf. *hariti* (Pkt.). |
c28.s1.t8.113
METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 3
c28.s1.t8.114
26. A. a na tai ī rā vā tā ṉa
c28.s1.t8.115
**B.** *antai irāvataṉ*¹
c28.s1.t8.116
¹ Cf. *irāvat* (Skt.).
c28.s1.t8.117
அந்தை இராவதன்
c28.s1.t8.118
Antai Irāvataṉ.
c28.s1.t8.119
| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.15. Estampage: Pl. 14. |
| **Locus** | On the second stone bed in the upper row. The inscription is disfigured by overwriting in later times. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 49 cm. (including the last letter of No. 25 engraved on this bed). |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-b/1908; *ARE* 1911-12:Pl. facing p. 50. IM:19/1966. |
| | CNR:VIII-F (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-F (pp. 342-343); *HTS*: 6.2 (pp. 48-49, 78-82); |
| | KVS:XI-5 (p. 298); KZ:8-E (p. 22); MSV:12.5 (pp. 102-109); RN:5.2 (pp. 56-67); |
| | RPS:15 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.6 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 18 top right). |
| **Notes** | |
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METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 4
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27. A. [m]ā¹ ti² ra a na tai [v]i¹ su vā ṇa
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**B. [*m*]atira³ antai [*v*]isuvaṇ⁴**
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[ம]திர அந்தை [வி]ஸுவன்
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***Antai Vissuvaṇ of Matirai.***
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| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.15. Estampage: Pl. 14. |
| **Locus** | On the third stone bed in the upper row. KVS has mixed up the order and segmentation of the inscriptions on the third to fifth beds (Nos. 27-29). |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 53 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-c/1908; *ARE* 1911-12:Pl. facing p. 50. IM:20/1966. |
| | CNR:VIII-G (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-G (pp. 342-343); *HTS*:6.3 (pp. 48-49, 78-82); |
| | KVS:XI-6 & 7 (p. 298); KZ:8-F (p. 22); MSV:12.6 (pp. 102-109); RN:5.3 (pp. 56-57); |
| | RPS:16 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.7 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 18 middle left). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | These two letters are incompletely engraved. It is probable that the scribe who marked the letters, and the stonemason who engraved them, were different persons. See also n.6, No. 85. |
| 2. | HKS reads *dhi* and KVS *ti*. |
| 3. | Variant of *matirai*. See n.2, No. 24. |
| 4. | *vissuvaṇ*. Cf. LT *viccuvaṇ*. See Commentary for etymology. |
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30. [Figure:]
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[Figure: Figure 8.16. METTUPPATTI 5-7 Inscriptions Nos. 28-30
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METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 5
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28. A. a na tai ce¹ na tā a tā ṇa
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**B. *antai cēnta-a² tāṇa***
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அந்தை சேந்தஅ தான
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The gift³ of Antai Cēnta(ṉ).
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| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.16. Estampage: Pl. 14. |
| **Locus** | On the fourth stone bed in the upper row. The inscription is disfigured by later overwriting. HKS reverses the order of the inscriptions on the fourth and fifth stone beds (Nos. *28* & *29*). |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 49 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-d/1908; ARE 1911-12:Pl. facing p. 50. IM:21/1966. |
| | CNR:VIII-J (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-J (pp. 342-343); *HTS*:6.4 (pp. 48-49, 78-82); |
| | KVS:XI-8 & 9 (p. 298); KZ:8-H (p. 22); MSV:12.7 (pp. 102-109); RN:5.4 (pp. 56-57); |
| | RPS:17 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.9 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 18 bottom). |
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**Notes**
1. HKS reads *ve* and KVS *vē*. See n.2, No. 4.
2. *cēnta(ṉ)* + *a*. The PNG suffix *-aṉ* is elided when the genitive suffix *-a* is added.
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METTUPPATTI** (**மேட்டுப்பட்டி**) - **6
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**29. A.** **cā na tā na tai cā na tā ṉa**
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**B.** *cantantai cantan*¹
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சந்தந்தை சந்தன்
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Cantantai Cantaṉ.
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| **Ill.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.16. Estampage: Pl. 14. |
| **Locus** | On the fifth stone bed in the upper row. The inscription is disfigured by later overwriting. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 49 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-e/1908; *ARE* 1911-12:Pl. facing p. 50. IM:22/1966. |
| | CNR:VIII-H (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-H (pp. 342-343); *HTS*:6.5 (pp. 48-49, 78-82); |
| | KVS:XI-7 & 8 (p. 298); KZ:8-G (p. 22); MSV:12.8 (pp. 102-109); RN:5.5 (pp. 56-57); |
| | RPS:18 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.8 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 18 middle right). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | The composite name signifies Cantaṉ, son of Cantantai. Father and son had the same name, distinguished only by the addition of *-antai*, an honorific suffix to father's name. See also n.9, No. 3 and n.3, No. 66. |
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METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 7
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**30. A.** **pā**¹ **ti ṉa** [**ū**]² **ra a tai**³
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**B.** *patiṉ*-[*ū*]*r atai*⁴
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பதிந்[ஊ]ர் அதை
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The a(n)tai of Patiṉūr.
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| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.16. Estampage: Pl. 15A. |
| **Locus** | The first segment (from left) in the continuous line at the head of the lower row of stone beds in the cave. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 41 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-f / 1908; *ARE* 865-69/1917. (Even though the four inscriptions on the lower row of stone beds (Nos. *30-33*) were discovered only in 1917, they have subsequently been clubbed with *ARE* 45/1908 and cannot now be reconciled with the five numbers in 865-69/1917.) |
| | *ARE* 1917-18: Pl. facing p. 6. IM:23/1966. |
| | CNR:VIII-A (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-A (pp. 342-343); *HTS*:6.7 (pp. 48-49, 78-82); |
| | KVS:XI-1 (p. 298); KZ:8-A (p. 22); MSV:12.1 (pp. 102-109); RN:5.6 (pp. 56-57); |
| | RPS:19 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.1 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 17 top). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | HKS reads *pō* and KVS *po*. |
| 2. | The lower part of the letter is damaged. HKS and KVS also read *ū*. |
| 3. | HKS and KVS read *tā* and then supply *nā*/*ṇa* after it respectively. |
| 4. | Cf. *antai*, masc. honorific suffix (with the nasal omitted). Cf. *atai-* (No. *56*). See also n.9, No. 3. |
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*31.*
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*32.*
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*33.*
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Figure 8.17. METTUPPATTI 8-10 Inscriptions Nos. *31-33* Tracings. Scale: one-fifth.
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METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 8
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31. A. ku vi rā a [na]¹ tai ce² ya a tā ṇa
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¹ The lower part of the letter is damaged.
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² The letter appears to be *ce* though it resembles *ve* and has been read as such by HKS and KVS. See n.2, No. 4.
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² See Commentary for discussion.
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**B. *kuvira-a[n]tai cēy-a³ tāṇa***
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³ *cē-y-a* 'which was made' < *cē* (LT *cey*) 'to do, make'. See also n.9, No.
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**குவிர அ[ந்]தை சேய்அ தான**
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**The gift⁴ was made by Kuvira-antai.**
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| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.17. Estampage: Pl. 15A. |
| **Locus** | The second segment in the continuous line at the head of the lower row of stone beds. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 56 cm. |
| **Date** | *ca.* 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-g/1908; *ARE* 865-69/1917 (see remarks in *No. 30*); *ARE* 1917-18:Pl. facing p. 6. IM:24/1966. CNR:VIII-B (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-B (pp. 342-343); *HTS*:6.8 (pp. 48-49,78-82); KVS:XI-2 (p. 298); KZ:8-B (p. 22); RN:5.7 (pp. 56-57); RPS:21 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.2 (pp. 258-266). |
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Notes
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METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 9
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32. **A. ku vi rā a na tai ve ḷa¹ a tā ṇa**
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¹ The letter is clearly *ḷa*. HKS considers that it 'must be *ya*' on the basis of the mistaken assumption that Nos. *31* & *32* are identical. This is probably the reason why KVS omits this inscription.
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**B. *kuvira-antai vēḷ-a*² *tāṇa***
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² Cf. *vēḷ*, title of an ancient clan of chieftains and petty rulers. Here the expression occurs as part of a personal name.
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குவிர அந்தை வேள்அ தான
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The gift³ of Kuvira-antai Vēḷ.
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³ 'of the stone bed' is understood from the context.
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| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.17. Estampage: Pl. 15A. |
| **Locus** | The third segment in the continuous line at the head of the lower row of stone beds. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 56 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-h/1908; *ARE* 865-69/1917 (see remarks in No. *30*); |
| | *ARE* 1917-18:Pl. facing p. 6. IM:25/1966. |
| | CNR:VIII-C (pp. 371-372); HKS:VIII-C (pp. 342-343); MSV:12.2 (pp. 102-109); |
| | RN:5.8 (pp. 56-57); TVM:10.3 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 17 middle). |
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Notes
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METTUPPATTI (மேட்டுப்பட்டி) - 10
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**33. A.** ti ṭi¹ ī la a tā ṉa
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**B.** *tiṭi-il-a² tāṉa*
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திடிஇல்அ தான
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The gift³ of **Tiṭṭi-il**.
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| **ILL.** | Tracing: Fig. 8.17. Estampage: Pl. 15A. |
| **Locus** | The fourth and last segment in the continuous line at the head of the lower row of stone beds. |
| **No. of lines** | 1 |
| **Length** | 43 cm. |
| **Date** | ca. 2nd century B.C. |
| **Publ.** | *ARE* 45-j/1908; *ARE* 865-69/1917 (see remarks in No. *30*); *ARE* 1917-18:Pl. facing p. 6. IM:26/1966. CNR:VIII-D (pp. 371-372); HKS: VIII-D (pp. 342-343); *HTS*: 6.6 (pp. 48-49, 78-82); KVS:XI-3 (p. 298); KZ: 8-C (p. 22); MSV:12.3 (pp. 102-109); RN:5.9 (pp. 56-57); RPS:21 (pp. 163-197); TVM:10.4 (pp. 258-266, Pl. 17 bottom). |
| **Notes** | |
| 1. | HKS reads *ṭō* and KVS *ṭa*. On verification *in situ*, the letter is found to be *ṭi*. |
| 2. | *tiṭṭi-il*, a place name. Cf. LT *tiṭṭi* 'raised ground'. The final *-a* is the genitive suffix. Cf. *tiṭi* (*tiṭṭi*) (No. *58*). |
| 3. | The inscription records the collective gift (of stone beds in the cave) by the village. See also Nos. *35*, *76*, and *101* for collective gifts by villages. |
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Figure 8.18. X. KARUNGALAKKUDI Inscription No. 34
Linked texts (5)
- Inscription No. 16 — Prakrit
- Inscription No. 8 — Sanskrit
- Inscription No. 28 — Prakrit
- Inscription No. 32 — Prakrit
- Inscription No. 3 — Prakrit