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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s6.t5: V. Kongarpuliyankulam

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c28.s6.t5

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V. Kongarpuliyankulam

c28.s6.t5.1

***kuṟa*** (n.) 'cutting' (LT *kuṟai*). Cf. *kuṟu* (v.) 'to pluck'; *kuṟai* (n.) 'piece, section'; Ka. *koṟe* 'cutting, a cut-off piece'; (Te. inscr.) *kōṟa* 'a cut-off portion' (D. 1859). The expression refers to the cutting of one of the three sections of the long drip ledge Cf. ***kuṟu*** (**12.1**).

c28.s6.t5.2

Cf. (inscr.) cey-k-kuṟai 'piece of land' (*SII.* V: No. 747, Cōḻa, 11th cent. A.D.).

c28.s6.t5.3

***koṭupitavaṉ*** (*koṭuppittavaṉ*) (v.) 'he who caused to be given'; past participial noun, causative, 3rd person masculine singular, from *koṭu* 'to give'.

c28.s6.t5.4

**Analysis:** *koṭu* (stem) + *pi* (causative suffix) + *t* (past tense marker) + *avaṉ* (PNG suffix). The consonants *-p-* and *-t-* occur without doubling. Cf. ***koṭupitavaṉ*** (**53.2**) and ***koṭupita-avaṉ*** (**44.3**).

c28.s6.t5.5

***upaca-aṉ*** (*upaccaṉ*) (n.) 'preceptor'. See **9.1** & **10.1**.

c28.s6.t5.6

***upaṟuva[ṉ*]*** (*uppaṟuvaṉ*). N. of the donor. This appears to be an occupational or family name. He is described as an ***upaca-aṉ*** (*upaccaṉ*) '*upādhyāya*'.

c28.s6.t5.7

Cf. Ta. *upparavar* 'a Telugu caste who are usually tank- and well-diggers and road-workers' (D. 626); *uppārakkāraṉ* 'one who plasters a wall' (*TL*); Ka. *uppāṟa* 'brick-layer, stonemason, plasterer' (D. 628). The occupational name occurs here as a personal name. See section 4.17.1.

c28.s6.t5.8

***kuṟu*** Read *kūṟu*. Cf. *kūṟu* 'section, division, share, part' (D. 1924).

c28.s6.t5.9

Cf. LT *cata-kūṟu* 'hundred parts' (*Kampa.* 6.3.124).

c28.s6.t5.10

Cf. (inscr.) *nālu kūṟu iṭṭa oru kūṟu* 'one share (of land) divided into four shares' (*SII.* I:No. 40,11th cent. A.D.). See also ***kuṟa*** (**11.1**).

c28.s6.t5.11

**12.2 koṭalku** (*koṭṭal-*) 'for carving'; verbal noun in dative case from *koṭṭu* 'to hammer'.

c28.s6.t5.12

**Analysis:** *koṭu* (*koṭṭu*) (stem) + *al* (suffix of the verbal noun) + *ku* (dative case suffix). The consonant *-ṭ-* occurs without doubling as in **koṭiy-avaṉ** (*koṭṭiyavaṉ*) (**4.3**) and **koṭi-ōr** (*koṭṭi-ōr*) (**6.3**). See also **1.8** for further comments.

c28.s6.t5.13

**12.3 īttavaṉ** (v.) 'he who gave'; past participial noun, 3rd person masculine singular, from *ī* 'to give (to inferiors)' (D. 2598).

c28.s6.t5.14

**Analysis:** *ī* (stem) + *tt* (past tense marker) + *avaṉ* (PNG suffix). Cf. LT *īttavaṉ* 'he who gave' (*Maṇi.* 24:19); *ītal* 'to give (as gift)' (*Tivā.* 1627; *Piṅkala.* 2129). See **ītta** (**59.3**).

c28.s6.t5.15

**12.4 cer-ataṉ-[ō]ṉ** N. of the donor.

c28.s6.t5.16

**a. cer-** (*ceṟṟ-*) (adj.) 'young, junior'. Cf. Ta. *ciṟu*, *ciṟṟu* 'small'; Ma. *ciṟṟu*, *ceṟṟu* id. (D. 1594). Cf. LT *ciṟṟāṟṟu* 'of the small stream' (*Kali.* 108:27). Sandhi: *ceṟ(u)* + *ataṉ* > *ceṟ(ṟ)-ataṉ*. *ceṟ-* is written separately with elision of stem-final *-u*, and *-ṟ-* is not doubled.

c28.s6.t5.17

**b. ataṉ-ōṉ** (N.) Cf. **pēr-ataṉ** (**13.2**). The two persons whose names occur in adjoining inscriptions were probably related to each other. The personal names Ataṉ as well as Ātaṉ occur in the Corpus. (See Index to Personal Names in Appendix II). Cf. LT *ataṉkōṭṭ-ācāṉ* 'teacher from Ataṉ-kōṭu' (*Tol. Pāyiram*). Cf. (inscr.) *kuviraṉ ataṉ*, *ataṉ asaṭaṉ*, *kaṇṇaṉ ataṉ*: personal names in the Ta. Br. inscriptions on pottery from Kodumanal (Y. Subbarayalu, Catalogue of Pottery Inscriptions from Kodumanal 1996, unpublished: Nos. 31, 38 & 113 respectively). See **59.1.a** for further discussion. The PNG suffix *-ōṉ* is added here in free form to the personal name. Cf. (inscr.) *kuvāvaṉ -cāttaṉ=ēṉ* 'I, Kuvāvaṉ Cāttaṉ' (*IPS*. No. 18, 9th cent. A.D.).

c28.s6.t5.18

**13.1 pākaṉ-ūr** (*pākaṉūr*) (P.) The place is identified as modern Sholavandan near Madurai. Cf. *perumpākaṉūr* in an inscription on a stone slab found at Sholavandan Railway Station and said to be originally from a Śiva temple in the vicinity (*SII*. XIV: No. 64, Pāṇḍiya, ca. 9th cent. A.D.). See Table 4.3.

c28.s6.t5.19

**a. pākaṉ** (n.) 'elephant-driver, charioteer' (D. 4046). Cf. LT *pākaṉ* 'elephant mahout' (*Aka.* 230:12; *Puṟa.* 220:2; *Cūṭā.* 2:36); *tēr-p-pākaṉ* 'charioteer' (*Cūṭā.* 2:37).

c28.s6.t5.20

**b. ūr** (n.) 'village, city, town'. This is the most frequent suffix for place names, written mostly as a separate word as in this case, or sometimes in bound form. See **19.2** for further comments.

c28.s6.t5.21

**13.2 *pē[r]ataṉ piṭaṉ*** N. of the donor. Cf. ***ceṟ-ataṉ* (12.4)**.

c28.s6.t5.22

**a. *pēr-*** (adj.) 'senior'. Cf. *peru-* (*pēr-* before a vowel) 'great' (D. 4411). Cf. ***pēr-ay-am* (35.2)** and ***nākapērūr* (56.1)**.

c28.s6.t5.23

*ceṟ-* (LT *ciṟṟ-*) and *pēr-* which occur in adjoining inscriptions (Nos. *12 & 13*) probably indicate the junior and senior members of a family having the same name. See section 4.18.4.

c28.s6.t5.24

**b. *ataṉ*** (N.) The reading *-ataṉ* is preferred (to that of *-ātaṉ* which is also possible) having regard to the occurrence of ***ceṟ-ataṉ* (12.4)** in the adjoining inscription.

c28.s6.t5.25

**c. *piṭaṉ* (*piṭṭaṉ*)** (N.) Cf. ***piṭaṉ* (*piṭṭaṉ*) (65.2)** and ***piṭantai* (*piṭṭantai*) (66.2)**.

c28.s6.t5.26

The name *pi(!?)taṉ* occurs in the Ta. Br. legend on a local coin from Sri Lanka (see No. 6, Table 1.6).

c28.s6.t5.27

Cf. LT *piṭṭaṉ*, N. of a chieftain (*Aka.* 77:16, 143:12; *Puṟa.* 170:8, 172:8).

c28.s6.t5.28

**13.3 *itta*** 'this' (pron.) in the accusative case. Cf. *itai / ittai* (*itu + ai*) (*TL*). Cf. *itu* 'this' from the proximate demonstrative base *i-* (D. 410); 'this' in the inscription refers to the third and last section of the long drip ledge carved above the three inscriptions (Nos. *11-13*).

c28.s6.t5.29

Cf. LT *ittai-y-ellām* 'all this' (*Kali.* 85:35, comm., Nacc.); *ittai mey-y-eṉa-k-karuti* 'considering this as truth' (*Tiruvā.* 26:7).

c28.s6.t5.30

The form *ittai* is probably derived from *iḵtu* (*iḵtu + ai*) where the loss of the *āytam* **ḵ** is compensated by doubling of the following consonant. Cf. ***ittā-a* (1.4)**. See section 7.3.3.

c28.s6.t5.31

*-a* functions here as the accusative case suffix corresponding to LT *-ai*. According to *Tol.* (*Col.* 109-110), *-a* may occur as the accusative case suffix for human nouns in poetry. This usage is not attested in LT. In the present case *itta* may be considered as a variation of LT *ittai* (*ai ~ a*). See section 7.7.1.

c28.s6.t5.32

**13.4 *vepōṉ*** (*veppōṉ*) (v.) 'he who has endowed'. Cf. LT *vaippōṉ*, non-past participial noun, 3rd person masculine singular, from *ve* (LT *vai*) 'to put'. Cf. Ma. *vekka* 'to put, deposit', *veppu* 'deposit' (D. 5549).

c28.s6.t5.33

**Analysis:** *ve* (stem) + *p* (non-past tense marker) + *ōṉ* (PNG suffix). The consonant *-p-* is not doubled.

c28.s6.t5.34

Cf. LT *veṇkōṭu koṇṭu viyal aṟai vaippavum* 'taking the white (elephant) tusks and having deposited (them) on the wide rock (for drying)' (*Naṟṟ.* 114:1).

c28.s6.t5.35

Cf. (inscr.) *vātāpi koṇṭa naraciṅka-p-pōttaracar vayttatu* 'this was endowed by Naraciṅka Pōttaracar who took Vātāpi' (*Pallava Inscrs.* No. 42, 7th cent. A.D.); *pavaṇanti vaitta aṟam* 'charity endowed by Pavaṇanti' (ibid. No. 74, 8th cent. A.D.); *ittēvar-k-kē-y ivaṉē vaitta tiruviḷakku* 'the sacred lamp endowed by himself to the same deity' (*SII*. XIV: No. 41, Pāṇṭiya, ca. 9th cent. A.D.). The verb *vai* 'to endow' is the most frequent expression to refer to temple endowments in medieval Tamil inscriptions. See also ***vaika* (*vaikka*) (16.2)**.

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