Indian Epigraphy c12.62

c12.62

The word found in the Gāhaḍavāla records as upagata is often found in the form samupagata or samupāgata in the same context in many other charters,⁵ especially in the elaborate indication in the grants of the Pālas and Senas of Eastern India.⁶ We have seen above how the ‘present’ and ‘future’ subordinates, etc., of a ruler are described as samupāgata with reference to a viṣaya or district. The question now is what the words upagata, samupagata and samupāgata in this context really mean. In our opinion, they mean the same thing as sambadhyamānaka, yathā-kāla-bhāvin and yathā-kāl-adhyāsin as found in the same context in many records. This may be clear from the quotation of a few corresponding passages from the charters of the Gāhaḍavālas, Pālas and Senas.