Indian Epigraphy c16.s4.39

c16.s4.39

There are several interesting aspects of the above territorial divisions. In the first place, sometimes in medieval inscriptions the words deśa, maṇḍala and viṣaya are used in a wider sense. Thus the kingdom of the Eastern Cālukyas is called Veṅgī-deśa in some records and Veṅgī-maṇḍala in others while certain Viṣayas are stated to have formed parts of it.⁹ The Coḷa kingdom is often referred to as a Deśa, Maṇḍala, Nāḍu and Viṣaya.¹⁰ Similarly, Bhārata-khaṇḍa or Bhārata-kṣetra is called both a Deśa and a Viṣaya.¹¹ Sometimes a Khaṇḍa is mentioned as the subdivision of a Deśa.¹²