Indian Epigraphy c16.s5.15

c16.s5.15

and ‘a fire-place for cooking’. Vināśin is ‘fuel’ or ‘attendant’. The Hirahadagalli plates records the grant of land with the libation of water for so long as the moon and stars would endure together with the eighteen kinds of exemptions including the following: a-kūra-cullaka-vināśi-khaṭvā-saṁvāsa, a-dugdha-dadhi-grahaṇa, a-rāṣṭra-sāṁvinayika, a-lavaṇa-guḍa-kṣobha, a-karaviṣṭi-koñjalla, a-paramparā-balivarda-grahaṇa, a-tṛṇa-kāṣṭha-grahaṇa and a-haritaka-śāka-puṣpa-grahaṇa.¹ The word ‘eighteen’ in the expression ‘eighteen kinds of exemptions’² really means ‘all’. A-lavaṇa-guḍa-kṣobha (i.e. freedom from the trouble in respect of salt and sugar) is similar to a-lavaṇa-khātaka of the earlier records referred to above and seems to refer to the practice of piercing trees for sugar. A-dugdha-dadhi-grahaṇa, a-tṛṇa-kāṣṭha-grahaṇa and a-haritaka-śāka-puṣpa-grahaṇa refer to the freedom of the donees from the occasional supply of milk, curds, grass, wood, myrobalan, vegetables and flowers. The reference is both to the periodical supply to be made to the king when demanded as well as to the touring officers. A-kara-viṣṭi-koñjalla speaks of the freedom from the payment of kara (taxes), viṣṭi (free labour) and koñjalla which may be kauñjalya meaning the obligation of free supply of kuñjala (sour gruel) to the king’s labourers working in the neighbourhood.