Early India and Pakistan to Ashoka c6.10

c6.10

∗ Gandhara (the Peshawar plain and its environs) was already in Persian hands when the Behistun inscription was cut for Darius, c. 520-518 B.C. It had either been acquired by Darius at the beginning of his reign or, more probably, by his grandfather Cyrus. Darius now extended his realm to the Indus valley, but his eastern frontier is not defined.