India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c10.s1.11

c10.s1.11

In *sūtra* VI.2.69 (*Gotrāntevāsi-māṇava-Brāhmaṇeshu kshepe*) Pāṇini refers to both junior (*māṇava*) and senior (*antevāsī*) students who joined their schools under motives deserving of censure, e.g. *bhikshā-māṇava*, 'a novice attracted to the school for its benefit of free boarding' (*bhikshāṁ lap-* sye' *hamiti māṇavo bhavati*, *Kāśikā*). The *Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa* refers to the *māṇavas* of the Kaṭha-Kālāpa Schools as running after delicacies of food (*svādu-kāmāḥ*) given to laziness (*alasāḥ*), and avoiding due service to the teacher under pretext of study (*Ayodhyākāṇḍa*, 32.18). As instances of elderly students joining the teacher with such malafide motives, Patañjali cites *kambala-Chārāyaṇīyāḥ*, pupils joining the school of *Chārāyaṇa* with an eye on its blankets; *odana-Pāṇinīyāḥ*, pupils joining the school of Pāṇini for its worldly advantages, such as provision of rice; *ghṛita-Rauḍhiyāḥ*, pupils joining the school of Rauḍhi for its provision of butter (*Bhāshya* I.1.73; I.190). To these examples, the *Kāśikā* adds a worse case, *e.g.* *kumārī-Dākshāḥ*, pupils joining the school of Daksha for its access to girls (as co-students).