India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c10.s1.29

c10.s1.29

PEDAGOGY—The teacher expounding a subject was called *ākhyātā*. Tution in the prescribed religious manner was *upayoga* (*niyama-pūrvakaṁ vidyā-grahaṇam*, *Kāśikā* on I.4.29). According to the commentator learning of secular subjects as dramatic art did not come under the category of *upayoga*, *e.g.* 'takes instruction about drama from an actor' (*naṭasya śṛiṇoti*). The teacher in his capacity of expounding to his pupil the religious texts of *svādhyāya* was called *pravachanīya* (III.4.68, *pravachanīyo guruḥ svādhyāyasya*). This term was also applied to the subject expounded as *pravachanīyo guruṇā svādhyāyaḥ*. This has reference to the teacher mentioned by Pāṇini as *pravaktā* (II.¹.65). Pāṇini refers to another class of teachers called *anūchāna* (III.2.109), who according to Bodhāyana discoursed on the Vedāṅgas (*aṅgādhyāyī anūchānaḥ*, *Bodhāyana Gṛihyasūtra*, I.4).