India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c10.s1.5

c10.s1.5

*THE PUPIL'S DUTIES*—The Brahmachārī was bound to his teacher by a spiritual relationship (*vidyā-sambandha*, IV.3.77), not less real than blood relationship (*yoni-sambandha*). Pāṇini refers to the teacher as *anūchāna*, ‘one who expounds the texts’ (III.2.109), and also *pravachanīya*, ‘one who orally imparts instruction’ (III.4.68, *pravachanīyo guruḥ svādhyāyasya, Kāśikā*); and the pupil as *śuśrūshu*, ‘one who intently listens to the words of his teacher’ (I.3.57; III.2.108). They were always close to each other (*upasthānīya*, III.4.68), the teacher to be served (*upasthānīyaḥ sishyena guruḥ*), and the pupil to be taught (*upasthānīyo' ntevāsī guroḥ, Kāśikā*). Sometimes the father acted as teacher to his son, the pupil being then called *pitur-antevāsī* (VI.3.23). Pāṇini refers to *āchārya-putra* along with *rāja-putra* and *ṛitvik-putra* (VI.2.133), all three standing on the privileges of their fathers. The teacher’s son was for the pupils like the teacher himself (Kātyāyana, *guruvad guru-putra iti yathā*, I.1.56.1; *Bhāshya*, I.133).