India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c10.s3.8

c10.s3.8

(3) *Upajñāta* (IV.3.115). Literature bringing to light new knowledge expounded for the first time (*ādya āchikhyāsā*, II.4.21), came under this class, *e.g.* the works of such original authors as Āpiśali, Pāṇini, Vyāḍi and Kāśakṛitsna (IV.3.115). *Upajñāta* formed a special class under *Prokta* literature, since the grammatical treatises of Āpiśali, Pāṇini, etc, are both regarded as *Prokta* and *Upajñāta* (*Pāṇininā proktam*, *Pāṇininā upajñātam*, both were *Pāṇinīyam*). This is just what should have been expected in the transitional period. Such texts combined certain features of the *Chhandas Prokta* works and other features of independent texts cultivated outside the *Charaṇas*. The most distinctive feature was the principle of individual authorship, which did not operate in the case of the *Prokta* class of Vedic texts, but was applied to *Upajñāta* works being the exclusive fruit of the creative efforts of their authors. Special scientific treatises, mostly the Vedāṅga literature, were being written outside the *Charaṇas*, as a result of the intense intellectual activity on the part of their authors. The works of Yāska and Śākaṭāyana, Audavraji and Pāṇini were of this category and named after the first exponents (*e.g. Pāṇininopajñātam Pāṇinīyam akālakaṁ vyākaraṇam*, *Kāśikā*, IV.3.115).