India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c10.s3.t1.60

c10.s3.t1.60

In either case these early texts must be regarded as the product of a school rather than that of an individual author. The School gave a name both to its members and literary productions. As Pāṇini informs us, all Chhandas and Brāhmaṇa works, two *Kalpa-sūtras*, two *Bhikshu-sūtras*, and two *Naṭa-sūtras* derived their names after the founders of schools, which is the essence of the *tad-vishayatā* principle. Texts attributed to individual authors like Āpiśali and Pāṇini naturally did not admit of growth like those produced in the Vedic schools, which latter incorporated the subsequent graftings on the original text. We may recall that the Pārāśarya school was originally affiliated to a *Charaṇa* of the Ṛigveda in the Śākhā of the Bāshkalas. Parāśara (father of Pārāśarya) is also mentioned as the founder of a School of *Kalpa-sūtras* of which the students were called *Pārāśarakalpika*, as stated by Patañjali (IV.2.60; II.284). These latter were called *Pārāśarāḥ* in distinction to those studying the *Bhikshu-sūtras* and called *Pārāśariṇaḥ*.