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India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c11.s2.56

India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī c11.s2.56

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c11.s2.56

*Upayaj* was the special name (III.2.73) of the eleven short formulas (*samudram gachchha svāhā*, etc.) given in the *Yajurveda* VI.21. Reference is made to the *sāmidhenīs*, the eleven verses of the *Ṛigveda*, III.27.1-11, used for enkindling the fire. The first and the last are each repeated thrice and thus we make fifteen *sāmidhenīs* for the Darśa-Paurnamāsa Ishṭis. Of these *Ṛig.* III.27.4 is called *sāmidhyamānavatī* and III.27.11 *samiddhvatī* by the words *samidhyamānaḥ* and

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