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India as Known to Panini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi c12.s5.10

India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī c12.s5.10

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c12.s5.10

*BHAKTI*—Pāṇini takes *bhakti* to denote loyalty of the citizen to the State whether a kingdom or a republic, i.e. of the *Janapadins* to their *Janapada* (sūtra IV.3.100, *Janapadināṁ jana-padavat sarvam*, etc.). The *Kāśikā* mentions, as examples of this kind of *bhakti* or civic loyalty, (1) Āṅgaka (*Aṅgāḥ janapado bhaktirasya*), (2) Vāṅgaka, (3) Sauhmaka, (4) Pauṇḍraka, (5) Madraka and (6) Vṛijika.

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