History of Orissa from the Earliest Times to the British Period v1.c13.4

v1.c13.4

We are not in a position to determine whether Orissa had a separate existence in the 2nd century B. C. Though Orissa may have existed separately as a province, it is certain that at this time it was included in the Empire of Kalinga. This is proved by the evidence of the Hathigumpha, Svargapuri and Mañchapuri inscriptions on Udayagiri hill. Khāravela is also called Aira in the Hathigumpha and the Mañchapuri cave inscriptions. Aira is equal to Aida and Aila and it means a descendant of Iḷa or Iḷā. Iḷā, the mother of Pururavas and the father of Sudyumna, was cursed by Pārvatī and became a woman when she gave birth to Pururavas. Later on, by the grace of Śiva she became a man for one month and was changed into a woman in the next. As a man he begot Sudyumana. The Chetis or Chedis are Ailas or descendants of Iḷā. Many Dravidian kings at this time claimed to be Aila Kshatriyas and the Sātavāhana king Vāsiṣṭhīputra Śrī-Puḷumāvi also calls himself the great Aira (Mahā-Airakena) in his great inscription in cave No. 3 of the Pāṇḍuleṇa group in the Nasik district.¹ We learn from the second line of the Hathigumpha inscription that after his 15th year Khāravela was trained in State correspondence, current accountancy and civil law, along with religious law. The actual term used for State correspondence is Lekha. During the rule of the Chālukyas of Aṇahilapāṭaka (Gujarat) a manual of such correspondence was composed.² The subject is also dealt with in the Artha Śastra of Kauṭalya.³ Similiarly the The image provided is blank. Please upload an image of the page you would like me to transcribe.