The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c12.s1.8

v4.c12.s1.8

In order to follow the career of Bābur we must first familiarise ourselves with a map which includes on the north the Sea of Aral, on the west Meshed (and Kirmān), on the south upper India, and on the east Kashmīr, Tibet, and Chinese Turkestān. We must think of various countries in the terms of the sixteenth century. Transoxiana, or Māvarā-un-nahr, comprised most of the country between the Oxus and the Jaxartes, including Samarqand and Bukhārā. In the south-east is Farghāna with its capital Andijān. Khurāsān included Marv, Balkh, Herāt, Qandahār and Khwārazm (Khiva). Kābul (which included Ghaznī) was independent. Hisār and Qunduz were included in Badakhshān.