The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c12.s3.18

v4.c12.s3.18

On our first coming to Āgra, there was remarkable dislike and hostility between its people and mine, the peasantry and soldiers running away in fear of our men. Delhi and Āgra excepted, not a fortified town but strengthened its defences and neither was in obedience nor submitted. Qāsim Sambhalī was in Sambhal; Nizām Khān was in Biāna; in Mewāt was Hasan Khān Mewātī himself—impious mannikin!—who was the sole leader of the trouble and mischief. Muhammad Zaitūn was in Dholpur; Tātār Khān Sarang-khānī was in Gwāliar; Husain Khān Nūhānī was in Rāprī; Qutb Khān was in Itāwa (Etawa); ‘Ālam Khān (Kālpī) was in Kālpī. Qanauj and the other side of Gang (Ganges) was all held by Afghans in independent hostility, such as Nāsir Khān Nūhānī, Ma‘rūf Farmūlī and a crowd of other amīrs. These had been in rebellion for three or four years before Ibrāhīm’s death and when I defeated him, were holding Qanauj and the whole country beyond it. At the present time they were lying two or three marches on our side of Qanauj and had made Bihār Khān the son of Daryā Khān Nūhānī their pādshāh, under the style Sultān Muhammad. Marghūb the slave was in Mahawin [Mahāban]; he remained there, thus close, for some time but came no nearer.