The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c12.s3.23

v4.c12.s3.23

He had on many occasions intended to give up wine drinking, and now he issued a *farmān* on the subject, and having disposed of all his gold and silver wine vessels he poured his wine into a well. He further vowed that he would remit the *tamgha* or stamp duty to all Muslims. As before the battle of Pānīpat, he found it necessary to speak stirring words of encouragement to his troops, who were even more dejected than their master. On 16 March, 1527, was fought the battle of Khānua. Bābur again adopted the *arāba* formation. He himself was in the centre; Chīn Tīmūr and Khusrav Kūkiltash were on the right; Humāyūn (who had returned from his successful campaign in the east), Dilāwar Khān Khānān and other Indian nobles were also on the right wing; Sayyid Mahdī Khvāja was on the left; and on the right and left were flanking parties; the artillery line was commanded by Nizām-ud-dīn ‘Alī Khalīfa. The Rānā’s left wing opened the battle by attacking Bābur’s right, but was driven back by Chīn Tīmūr. Mustafā Rūmī, the Turkish gunner, brought forward the carts and guns from the centre of Humāyūn’s division, and broke the enemy’s ranks. Then followed an attack by the Rānā’s right wing, which was repulsed, and finally Bābur led his centre forward. After ten hours’ fighting Bābur’s forces were victorious, and the Rānā took to flight. Hasan Khān Mewātī was among the slain. Sultān Mahmūd Lodī who was present at the battle escaped. After his victory over Rānā Sanga, Bābur proceeded to reduce Mewāt, and on 7 April, 1527, he entered its capital Alwar in triumph. By the end of 1527 Bābur’s authority was established everywhere except in Oudh.