The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c22.44

v4.c22.44

These processes dragged on for some years, but were at last brought to a close by the intervention of Akbar, who appointed Amīr Fathullah Shīrāzī as an imperial commissioner (*Amīn-ul-mulk*) to dispose of the cases pending in the Revenue Ministry, and in effect to be at its head, though Todar Mal was not formally superseded. The commissioner performed his duties effectively, and drew up proposals, which were sanctioned by the emperor, for reforming the procedure of the Ministry in its relations with the local staff. This measure, introduced in 1585, practically completes the revenue history of the reign, so far as it finds a place in the chronicles. The only important change recorded in later years was the decision, taken in 1596, to bring the provincial revenue officers, now designated *Dīwān*, directly under the orders of the Ministry, thus relieving the viceroy of responsibility for revenue administration, and originating the administrative dyarchy which persisted until the collapse of the empire, with revenue business (*dīwānī*) conducted independently of the general administration (*faujdārī*).