The Cambridge History of India, Vol. IV: The Mughul Period v4.c23.s4.135.2

v4.c23.s4.135.2

Variety of surface was obtained by panels in correct proportions outlined by mouldings fine and rare in their contours. Most of the ornamentation was, however, of a much more subtle nature, colour and gilding being introduced, while patterns inlaid in semi-precious stones—the *pietra dura* already mentioned—were a special feature. But perhaps the most striking innovation was the change in the shape of the arch, which in almost all buildings of Shāh Jahān’s reign is foliated or cusped in its outlines, so that white marble arcades of engrailed arches became the distinguishing characteristic of the period. During the governance of this emperor, Mughul architecture undoubtedly found its golden age. Of a highly artistic nature he satisfied his desires by the building of sumptuous edifices of all kinds, not waiting to complete one piece of self-expression before committing himself to another. All other forms of culture not dependent on the mason’s art, such as literature, the school of miniature painting encouraged by Akbar and Jahāngīr, and similar intellectual pursuits, were disregarded, his entire patronage being concentrated on building. And it was building of the most sensuous, even voluptuous order. The productions of his predecessors were looked upon as almost barbaric, the court chronicler comparing certain of their “abominations” with the masterpieces of “this august reign, when ...