The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India: A History of the Establishment and Progress of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi, 1206–1290 A.D. c25.7

c25.7

Other buildings of the period, erected in the provincial cities follow more or less the same lines of development. Most of them, however, have been repaired and restored so many times subsequently, that their original details have almost entirely disappeared. This is the case with Iltutmish’s mosque at Budaun, built in 1223, Balban’s mosque at Jalali, built in 1266, and the tomb of Bahauddin Zakariya at Multan (died 1262) believed to have been built by the saint himself. The *Ukha Mandir* at Bayana was originally a Hindu temple converted into a mosque but has since been reconverted into a temple, At Multan is the tomb of another saint named Shamsuddin, locally known as Shams-i-Tabrez, which was built by his grandson, but which has received, from devotees, extensive renovations. Only the comparatively insignificant tomb of another saint at Multan, called Shadna Shahid, (killed in 1288) has preserved its original fabric, though in a very denuded form. The lofty gateway at Nagaur, known as the *Atarkin-ka-Darwaza*, has retained its original surface decorations; they are similar to those on Iltutmish’s screen at Ajmer and so should be ascribed to that period. Muhammud b. Tughluq however, is known to have extensively renovated the original structure. The minar of Balban at Kol (Aligarh) erected during Mahmud’s reign, but wantonly destroyed by the British district officer in 1860, was, in point of time and also of style, the second of its kind in India, meant to serve as a pillar of victory.