The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India: A History of the Establishment and Progress of the Turkish Sultanate of Delhi, 1206–1290 A.D. c6.s3.1

c6.s3.1

Ever since the days of Mahmud, Punjab had remained an integral part of the Ghaznawide empire. Masud found there a safe refuge from the Seljuqs. We have seen how Bahram and finally his son Khusrau were driven out of Ghazni to rule their Indian province. The last-named was succeeded by Khusrau Malik at Lahore, but, in the language of the chronicler, "abandoned himself wholly to pleasure while the servants of state and governors of the country exercised independent power¹.