The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c19.29

v3.c19.29

Junaid afterwards carried the Muslim arms further into India, but the places which he captured or menaced cannot now be satisfactorily identified. He was afterwards promoted to the viceroyalty of the eastern provinces of the Caliphate, and was succeeded in Sind by Tammīm, son of Zaid-ul-‘Utbā, a feeble ruler distinguished chiefly by his lavish generosity, whose successor, Hakam, found Islam languishing and the people, for the most part, relapsed into idolatry, and was obliged to build for the Muslims two strongholds to serve as cities of refuge, *al Mahfūzah*, ‘the guarded,’ and Mansūrah, long the capital of the Muhammadan province of Sind, lying a few miles to the north-east of Bahmanābād. He and his lieutenant 'Amru, son of the unfortunate Muhammad, laboured to recall the people to the faith of Islam and to restore the military reputation of the Muslims, and their successors 'continued to kill the enemy, taking whatever they could acquire and subduing the people who rebelled.'