The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c24.80

v3.c24.80

With the death of Zain-ul-‘Ābidīn the power of the royal line founded by Shāh Mīrzā declined, and the later kings were mere puppets set up, pulled down, and set up again by factious and powerful nobles, who were supported by their clansmen. The most powerful and most turbulent of these tribes was the Chakk clan, who, even in the reign of Zain-ul-‘Ābidīn, became such a menace to the public peace that he was obliged to expel them from the Kashmīr valley, but under his feebler successors they returned, and, after exercising for a long time the power without the name of royalty, eventually usurped the throne.