The Cambridge History of India, Vol. III: Turks and Afghans v3.c28.64

v3.c28.64

In 1490 Malik Ahmad Nizām-ul-Mulk, who had built the city of Ahmadnagar and called it after his own name, sent envoys to Yūsuf ‘Ādil Khān of Bījāpur and Fathullāh ‘Imād-ul-Mulk of Berar, inviting them to join him in assuming the royal title and asserting their independence of Bīdar, and from this date these three rulers became independent sovereigns of the territory which they had hitherto held as viceroys of the king of the Deccan¹. Their dynasties were known, from the titles borne by their founders, as the Nizām Shāhī, ‘Ādil Shāhī, and ‘Imād Shāhī dynasties, and later Qutb-ul-Mulk founded the Qutb Shāhī dynasty at Golconda and Barīd-ul-Mamālik the Barīd Shāhī dynasty at Bīdar.