History of India, c. 150 A.D. to 350 A.D.: Naga–Vakataka Imperial Period c16.s4.41

c16.s4.41

[The Aryan population would become mixed with the Mlechchhas and the people would decay.] The Bhāgavata applies the same description to the Mlechchhas of Sindhu-Chandrabhāgā-Kauntī-Kāśmīra, and gives great details, as summarised above, up to the end of the chapter (Bk. XII, Chapter ii).² The Bhāgavata is followed by the Viṣṇu in this scheme. It is thus evident that the Yavana of the other Purāṇas is the Mlechchha of the Viṣṇu and the Bhāgavata. The Yavana here could not be the Indo-Greek Yavana who had passed away long before, both according to the Purāṇic treatment of chronology and dynastic details. These Yavanas here are the Yaunas, i.e. the Yauvā or Yauvan rulers who have been shown to be identical with the Kushans.³ The Kushans bore the royal title Yauv or Yauvā, and the Kushans are placed in the Purāṇas as the Tukhāra-Muruṇḍas and Śakas. The Bhāgavata shortly after (XII, iii, 14) actually uses the form 'Yauna'.